Effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the rat

The effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were assigned to one of three groups (n=6/group). Group 1 received 10% ethanol (v/v) in drinking water and lab chow ad libitum. After one week, the ethanol content was increased to 20%. Group 2 animals received the amount of chow consumed by Group 1 animals during the previous 24 hours, plus corn starch calorically equivalent to the alcohol consumed, whereas Group 3 animals received chow and water ad libitum. After four weeks on these diets, animals were bred and the concentration of ethanol in drinking water of Group 1 animals was increased to 30%. Animals were sacrificed on day 21 of gestation, and serum was analyzed for total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Alcohol-fed animals had total cholesterol levels averaging 54.1 mg/dl, significantly lower than levels in both pair-fed (79.4 mg/dl) and ad libitum controls (90.0 mg/dl). HDL cholesterol levels in the alcohol-fed animals were also lower than those in ad libitum controls (27.5 mg/dl vs. 40.0 mg/dl, p<0.05). These observations in pregnant females contrast with the effect of alcohol on HDL cholesterol levels in male animals.     

Relationship between body mass index, cigarette smoking, and plasma sex steroids in normal male twins

Smoking has been observed to affect plasma sex hormones and body mass index. The relationship between smoking, body mass index, and plasma concentration of sex hormones was studied in normal adult male twins. The analyses were performed for between 150 and 159 twin pairs for whom hormonal data were available on both twins. With bivariate analysis, neither body mass index nor smoking affected estrone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, ratio of testosterone to estradiol, or ratio of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Body mass index significantly (P less than 0.05) affected sex hormone binding globulin, whereas smoking had no effect. The plasma contents of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone and the luteinizing hormone/testosterone ratio were affected by both body mass index and smoking, although, after allowing for body mass, smoking was less significant (0.05 less than P less than 0.10). A path model was formulated to examine the relationship of body mass and sex steroid levels. Our results suggest that body mass index affects sex steroids, since common environmental factors do not account for the strength of the relationship. The bivariate analysis suggests that the smoking effect on sex hormones (except perhaps for dihydrotestosterone) is secondary to an effect on body mass index.     

The relationships between eating habits, smoking and alcohol consumption, and body mass index among baby boomers

The study was to examine the eating habits of baby boomers and to investigate the relationship of these and other lifestyle habits on their reported body mass indices (BMI). A questionnaire was administered by mail to a random sample of people aged 40 years and above, drawn from the Electoral Rolls in Victoria, Australia. Part of the questionnaire contained questions about the respondents’ eating habits, smoking status and alcohol use, as well as self reported heights and weights and demographic characteristics. Eight hundred and forty-four people (out of 1470) returned usable questionnaires. Statistically significant differences were found between the eating habits of men and women. Generally, more women snacked on high energy dense foods (e.g., confectionery). More men took larger mouthfuls than women. The eating habits of women appeared to be more formal than men’s. Four constructs named: unconstrained eating, traditional eating style, gulping, and chocolate and junk food were derived from the eating behaviour literature. Structural equation modelling showed that eating behaviour was associated with BMI along with current smoking, ex-smoking status, alcohol consumption, and demographics. Eating habits and other lifestyle behaviours appear to be associated with BMI though in different pathways for men and women.     

Links between body mass index,total body fat,cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein,and insulin sensitivity in patients with obesity related to depression,anger, and anxiety

OBJECTIVE: Define links between psychosocial parameters and metabolic variables in obese females before and after a low-calorie diet. METHOD: Nine female obese patients (age 36.1 +/- 7.1 years, body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m2) were investigated before and after a 6-week low-calorie diet accompanied by behavior therapy. Blood lipids, insulin sensitivity (Bergman protocol), fat distribution (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DEXA]), as well as psychological parameters such as depression, anger, anxiety, symptom load, and well-being, were assessed before and after the dieting period. RESULTS: The females lost 9.6 +/- 2.8 kg (p < .0001) of body weight, their BMI was reduced by 3.5 +/- 0.3 kg/m2 (p < .0001), and insulin sensitivity increased from 3.0 +/- 1.8 to 4.3 +/- 1.5 mg/kg (p = .05). Their abdominal fat content decreased from 22.3 +/- 5.5 to 18.9 +/- 4.5 kg (p < .0001). In parallel, psychological parameters such as irritability (p < .05) and cognitive control (p < .0001) increased, whereas feelings of hunger (p < .05), externality (p < .05), interpersonal sensitivity (p < .01), paranoid ideation (p < .05), psychoticism (p < .01), and global severity index (p < .01) decreased. Prospectively, differences in body fat (percent) were correlated to nervousness (p < .05). Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) differences were significantly correlated to sociability (p < .05) and inversely to emotional instability (p < .05), whereas emotional instability was inversely correlated to differences in insulin sensitivity (p < .01). DISCUSSION: Weight reduction may lead to better somatic risk factor control. Women with more nervousness and better sociability at the beginning of a diet period may lose more weight than others.     

吸烟、饮酒与脑出血的配对病例对照研究

目的探讨吸烟、饮酒与脑出血的关系.方法采用配对病例对照研究方法将162例经颅脑CT扫描确诊的脑出血病例与同一医院非脑外科的病人对照作1∶1配比,进行条件logistic回归分析.结果饮酒可增加脑出血的危险性,饮酒与脑出血的OR间有明显的剂量反应关系(P＜0.05),但是按高血压病史调整以后,这种作用失去显著意义;未发现吸烟与脑出血有关(P＞0.05).结论饮酒可能是通过影响血压间接地增加患脑出血的危险性.     

Reliability of recalled physical activity, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption.

Reliability of recalled measures of physical activity and alcohol and tobacco use was examined in a cohort of 873 men and women in three California communities. In personal interviews in 1972, participants provided baseline data on these three habits. In repeat interviews in 1983, they recalled their habits in 1972 and reported their current habits. On average, recalled physical activity levels significantly exceeded those originally reported (1899 kcal/d versus 1345 kcal/d, P < 0.001) and were similar to current reported levels (1822 kcal/d). Similarly, recalled alcohol and cigarette consumption was higher than the original reports (alcohol: 126 versus 119 g/wk; cigarettes: 8.5 versus 6.2/d). By contrast, current reported alcohol (103 g/wk) and cigarette consumption (4.6/d) were lower than at baseline. Analysis of variance was used to partition the variation in recalled and original habits into components due to interpersonal variation in true measures, errors in recall, and residual reporting error. Interpersonal variation accounted for only 20% of the total variation in physical activity, but for 48 to 60% of total variation in cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. These results suggest that inconsistencies among studies of chronic disease and physical activity may arise from either large random measurement errors in individual assessments or from homogeneity of activity levels among the populations studied.     

Unemployment, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and body weight in young British men

The relationship of unemployment experienced between the agesof 16 and 33 years with smoking, alcohol consumption and obesitywas examined in 2, 887 men who were members of the 1958 longitudinalBritish birth cohort study (NCDS). Cigarette smoking, alcoholconsumption, measured as units consumed in the past week andas problem drinking using the CAGE questionnaire and the bodymass index (BMI) were measured at age 33 years. Both the amountof unemployment accumulated between the ages of 16 and 33 yearsand recent unemployment experienced in the year prior to interviewat age 33 years were examined. When compared with men who hadnever been unemployed, the adjusted relative odds amongst menwith over three years of accumulated unemployment (after adjustmentfor possible confounding socioeconomic and behavioural factorsmeasured prior to unemployment) were 2.11 (95% Cl: 1.42–3.12)for smoking, 2.13 (95% Cl: 1.32–3.42) for a low BMI andnon-significant for a high BMI; 1.52 (95% Cl: 1.04–2.24)for no alcohol consumed; non-significant for high alcohol consumption,but 2.15 (95% Cl: 1.39–3.33) for problem drinking. Menwho had experienced unemployment in the year prior to the interview,compared to those who had not, after adjustment, were significantlymore likely to smoke (RO 2.92, 95% Cl: 2.13–4.01), drinkheavily (RO 1.73, 95% Cl: 1.18–2.54) and to have a drinkproblem (RO 2.90, 95% CI: 1.99–4.21). Unemployment mayplay a significant part in establishing life-long patterns ofhazardous behaviour in young men.     

Relationship between body mass index,serum cholesterol,leisure-time physical activity,and diet in a Mediterranean Southern-Europe population

The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of BMI with other cardiovascular risk factors, leisure-time physical activity and diet. Participants were recruited in a cross-sectional population-based survey in a southern-Europe Mediterranean population (Spain); cardiovascular risk factors were measured, and leisure-time physical activity and diet intake were evaluated. Linear regression analysis adjusted for several confounders showed a significant, direct association of BMI and total cholesterol (P<0.005) and LDL-cholesterol (P<0.006), in men. HDL-cholesterol was inversely related to BMI in both sexes (P<0.0001). Higher BMI was more frequent in less-active men (P<0.04) but not in women. BMI increased significantly (P<0.0001) by 1.92 kg/m(2) with each 4.18 MJ consumed in men but not in women. Dietary intakes of carbohydrate (P<0.03), total fat (P<0.03) and saturated fatty acids (P<0.02) were directly associated with BMI in men but not in women, in whom protein intake was correlated (P<0.001) with BMI. Linear regression models including dietary components explained up to 10.6 and 21.1 % of BMI variability in men and women, respectively. Sex differences in the association of BMI with total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, may account for the lower risk for CHD in women compared with men of similar BMI reported in the literature for the southern-Europe Mediterranean region. An increases of BMI may be more deleterious in populations in which it is accompanied by other risk factors such as a higher intake of total fat and, particularly, of saturated fatty acids, or lower leisure-time physical activity.     

Interdependence of associations of physical activity, smoking, and alcohol and coffee consumption with serum high-density lipoprotein and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol--a population study in eastern Finland

The interdependence of the associations of physical activity, smoking, and consumption of alcohol and coffee with serum high-density lipoprotein and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations was studied in 9,347 persons ages 25-64 years from east and southwest Finland. In covariance analyses with corrections for age, body mass index, saturated fat index, and fasting time, the mean adjusted serum high-density lipoprotein to non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was high among physically active male non-smokers but not among smokers (P = 0.024 for two-way interaction). The cholesterol ratio was lower among both men (P = 0.010 for two-way interaction) and women (P = 0.030 for two-way interaction) reporting no or very little use of alcohol, and this association was stronger among smokers and women with high coffee consumption (P less than 0.001 for two-way interaction). Our data suggest that the elevating effect of regular physical exercise on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be absent in smokers, whereas that of alcohol is greater in smokers than nonsmokers. High coffee consumption associates with decreased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in smokers but increased levels in non-smokers.     

广东省居民吸烟行为与体重指数关系的研究

目的探索广东省居民吸烟行为对体重指数的影响。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,2010年对广东省广州市越秀区、云浮市云城区、汕尾市城区、梅州的五华县、肇庆的四会市以及韶关的南雄市6个市（县、区）随机选取18岁及以上常住居民。利用集中调查和入户调查相结合的方式进行问卷调查和体格检查。问卷内容包括个人基本信息、吸烟、饮酒、饮食、身体活动、家庭经济状况等。采用率、比等指标进行统计学描述,均数间的比较用t检验和方差分析,利用多重线性回归以及协方差分析来研究吸烟行为与体重指数的关系。结果共调查3591人,其中男性1621人（45．14％）,女性1970人（54．86％）。其中调查人群的现在吸烟率为22．86％（821／3591）,过去吸烟率为4．85％（174／3591）,从不吸烟率为72．29％（2596／3591）。调查人群的体重指数平均值为22．96±3．32,从不吸烟、现在吸烟以及过去吸烟人群的体重指数均值分别为23．29±3．64、22．76±3．35、23．01-1-3．28。控制了性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、家庭人均收入水平、饮酒和运动量之后,发现现在吸烟1—9支／d、现在吸烟10～19支／d与不吸烟的BMI的均数之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,其中三者BMI的均数（95％凹）分别为22．27（21．75—22．80）、22．12（21．66—22．59）、23．03（22．90～23．16）。利用多重线性回归分析,控制性别、年龄、职业、文化程度以及饮酒等混杂因素之后,现在吸烟与体重指数呈负相关,其偏回归系数值为一0．552（P〈0．05）。结论广东省居民的吸烟率仍维持在较高水平,吸烟与BMI成负相关,但是吸烟导致BMI值降低的非常小。     

Serum cholesterol (total, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), triglyceride levels, and fat consumption among Jerusalem Arab and Jewish schoolchildren

As part of initial health screening for the "Know Your Body" Program-based comprehensive health education program, 841 Jerusalem first- and second-grade schoolchildren were tested for total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. The same population, which included 643 Jewish (76.5%) and 198 Arab children (23.5%), had their nutritional habits evaluated by means of a parent-completed food-frequency questionnaire. Arab schoolchildren had significantly lower total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and higher triglyceride levels than the Jewish children studied (total cholesterol: Arab mean, 153.1 mg/dl, Jewish mean, 170.3 mg/dl; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: Arab mean, 46.4 mg/dl, Jewish mean, 48.5 mg/dl; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: Arab mean, 90.7 mg/dl, Jewish mean, 108.5 mg/dl; triglycerides: Arab mean, 77.9 mg/dl, Jewish mean, 66.3 mg/dl). No significant differences in consumption level of foods high in saturated fats and/or cholesterol were found between populations, although the Arab children showed a tendency to eat more of these foods. Significant differences in total cholesterol values were also found among Jewish children of different origins, but no significant differences were found in consumption levels of saturated fats and cholesterol. Further studies are needed to determine the reasons for the differences in total cholesterol and lipoprotein levels found between Jewish and Arab schoolchildren.     

职业人群的体质指数和血脂水平在饮酒行为与高血压关联间的中介效应

目的 探讨职业人群饮酒行为与高血压及SBP、DBP的关联, 分析体质指数（BMI）和血脂水平的中介作用,为职业人群的高血压预防提供参考。方法 基于西南地区职业人群队列,通过问卷调查、体格和血生化检查收集人口学特征、行为生活方式、血压和血脂等情况。采用logistic回归分析和线性回归分析饮酒行为与高血压及SBP、DBP的关联,采用因果中介分析估计BMI、HDL-C、LDL-C、TG和TC的独立和联合中介效应,并结合网络分析探索饮酒行为、BMI、血脂水平与高血压之间的相互关联。结果 共纳入22 887名研究对象,其中新发高血压1 825名。Logistic回归分析发现, 与从不饮酒人群相比,现在饮/既往饮酒可使高血压风险增加33%（OR=1.33,95%CI：1.19~1.48）;饮酒行为可使SBP（β=1.05,95%CI：0.69~1.40）和DBP（β=1.10,95%CI：0.83~1.38）增加。联合中介分析发现, BMI和血脂介导了饮酒行为与高血压及SBP、DBP间21.91%、28.40%和22.64%的效应,其中BMI和TG为主要的中介因素,也是饮酒行为、BMI、血脂水平和血压网络中边权和桥强度中心性最高的2个中介节点。结论 饮酒行为与患高血压风险升高有关,BMI和TG是重要的中介因素和网络中关键节点,提示应重点关注饮酒行为、BMI和TG,有助于职业人群的高血压预防。     

Clustering of lifestyle behaviors: the relationship between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary intake

PURPOSE: To examine relationships between cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and dietary intake. DESIGN: Respondents to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, a nationwide probability sample conducted from January 1994 through January 1997 (n = 23,602; response rate = 80%), were selected. Adults ages 19 years and older were grouped according to their smoking and drinking habits. Selected demographic variables, food group servings, food energy, and densities of selected nutrients were compared. SETTING: In-home interviews were conducted in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. SUBJECTS: The selected sample (n = 6745) included 3229 nonsmokers, 1701 former smokers, and 1808 current smokers, and 2284 abstainers, 2713 occasional drinkers, 1000 moderate drinkers, and 748 liberal drinkers. MEASURES: Responses to standard questionnaires were examined by Student's t-test, chi 2, one-way analysis of variance, and univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance. RESULTS: Men were more likely than women to be current smokers and liberal drinkers (64% vs. 40% and 62% vs. 38%). For both, the use of cigarettes and alcohol was closely related. An additive relationship was observed between smoking/drinking classification and lower food group servings and nutrient intakes. Although cigarette and alcohol use may have been underreported, these findings support previous ones showing poor food choices along with lower nutrient intakes as smoking and drinking increase. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking and drinking habits may alter individuals' food selections and nutrient intakes. Future interventions for health promotion may achieve greater success by targeting multiple risk factors simultaneously or sequentially.     

Serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and body mass index in adult men from 13 countries

In 1980, serum total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations and body mass index (weight/height2) were measured in groups of adult men from 13 countries. A standardized protocol was used for the drawing of blood and the preparation, storage, and transport of serum. Total and HDL cholesterol concentrations were determined in one laboratory to reduce methodological variability as much as possible. Mean serum total cholesterol concentrations were low in the groups from Africa (3.0-4.3 mmol/liter; 1 mmol/liter = 38.7 mg/100 ml), intermediate in the groups from Pakistan, the Philippines, Surinam, Hungary, Poland, and the Mediterranean countries (4.4-5.5 mmol/liter), and high in those from the Netherlands and Finland (5.6- 6.4 mmol/liter). Mean serum HDL cholesterol concentrations tended to be lower in the men from Africa, Asia, and Surinam (0.7-1.3 mmol/liter) than in those from Europe (1.1-1.5 mmol/liter), the highest values for both total and HDL cholesterol being found in the men from eastern Finland. The ratio of HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol varied from 0.15 to 0.32 and was on average slightly higher in the groups from Africa (0.26-0.32) than it was in the groups from Europe (0.20-0.28) and from Asia and Surinam (0.15-0.22). The body mass index was positively related to the concentration of total cholesterol and negatively related to the concentration of HDL cholesterol and the HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio. The relationships between the concentration of HDL cholesterol and mortality from coronary heart disease within and between populations are discussed.     

体质指数与膝关节骨性关节炎关系

目的探讨体质指数和膝关节骨性关节炎的发病及影像学Kellgren／Lawrence（K／L）评分的相关性。方法临床选择膝关节骨性关节炎患者223例，年龄匹配对照组416例。患者行影像学K／L评分。测量患者和志愿者的身高、体重，求出体质指数（BMI），采用SPSs12．0统计软件进行分析，计算BMI在正常人群及骨性关节炎组分布；计算肥胖人群BMI在正常人群与骨性关节炎患者中的相对危险度（OR）及OR95％CI。结果223例患者经K／L评分分为Ⅰ～Ⅳ级，分别为Ⅰ级11例、Ⅱ级69例、Ⅲ级58倒、Ⅳ级84例。正常对照组、骨性关节炎组BMI（kg／m^2）分别为23．4±3．8，25．3±3．64，两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．0001）。BMI和骨性关节炎影像学进展相关性回归得Pearson相关系数为0．222，P〈0．01；肥胖是骨性关节炎发病的高危因素（OR=2．63，95％CI=1．876～3．688，X^2=31．5，P〈10^-7）。结论肥胖是骨性关节炎的高危因素，且与骨性关节炎的严重程度相关。控制或减轻体重是预防和治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的有效措施之一。     

Joint effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on mortality

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the joint effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on mortality. METHODS: A population-based cohort of 66,743 Chinese men aged 30-89 in Shanghai, China recruited from 1996 to 2000. Lifestyle data were collected using structured questionnaires. As of November 2004, follow-up for the vital status of 64,515 men was completed and death information was further confirmed through record linkage with the Shanghai Vital Statistics Registry. Associations were evaluated by Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: 2514 deaths (982 from cancers, 776 from cardiovascular diseases (CVD)) were identified during 297,396 person-years of follow-up. Compared to never-smokers, both former and current smokers had significantly elevated mortality from any cause, CVD, and cancer; risk increased with amount of smoking. Intake of 1-7 drinks/week was associated with reduced risk of death, particularly CVD death (hazard ratio (HR): 0.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5, 1.0), whereas intake of >42 drinks/week was related to increased mortality, particularly cancer-related death (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.5). The HR for total mortality associated with moderate alcohol consumption increased from 0.8 (95% CI: 0.6, 1.0) for non-smokers to 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) for moderate smokers and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.2, 1.7) for heavy smokers. Heavy drinkers and heavy smokers had the highest mortality (HR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.6, 2.4). CONCLUSIONS: Light and moderate alcohol consumption reduced mortality from CVD. This beneficial effect, however, was offset by cigarette smoking.     

Trans fat intake lowers total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels without changing insulin sensitivity index in Wistar rats

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that trans fat intake increases the risk of some chronic diseases. We hypothesize that trans fat intake would increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus by changing the lipid profile in plasma, the secretion of adipokines in adipose tissue, and the insulin sensitivity. Accordingly, the major objective of present study was to investigate the effect of dietary intake of trans fat on lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, and adipokine levels in plasma. Two groups of Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 4.5% trans fat or a control diet containing no trans fat for 16 weeks. Fasting glucose level was monitored every 2 weeks. At the end of feeding experiment, blood, heart, kidney, liver, omental adipose tissue, and semitendinosus muscle were collected. The trans fat content in organs, lipid profile, adipokine, insulin, and glucose levels in plasma were analyzed. The trans fat content in adipose tissue, heart, kidney, liver, and muscle of rats fed trans fat were 169.9, 0.6, 1.2, 1.7, and 2.5 mg/g samples, respectively. The trans fat content in these organs contributed to 15.9%, 1.2%, 2.3%, 4.3%, and 6.1% of the total fat, respectively. The plasma glucose level, insulin level, and insulin sensitivity index were not significantly different between the trans fat and control groups. The results indicated that trans fat intake might not be related to insulin resistance. However, lipid profile and plasma adipokine levels were significantly changed after trans fat feeding. The trans fat fed group showed significantly lower total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the control group. The decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level may indicate the detrimental effect of trans fat intake on lipid profile. Adiponectin and resistin levels were significantly higher in the trans fat group than the control group. Leptin levels were significantly lower in the trans fat group than the control group. The results indicated that dietary intake of trans fat can significantly change the adipokine levels, but the possible links between adipokine level change caused by trans fat intake and metabolic effects of this change need further investigations.     

男性饮酒及体质指数与良性前列腺增生关系

目的 探讨饮酒、体质指数与良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系。方法 采用病例对照研究方法。病例为2004~2006年临床诊断为良性前列腺增生、施行手术治疗、术后病理证实为BPH的患者,年龄为56~88岁。对照为同期住院的非前列腺增生患者,年龄与病例相同。以1:1匹配。病例与对照各334例,采用自行设计的调查表对研究对象进行调查。内容包括一般情况、身体测量、生活方式(吸烟、饮食、饮酒情况等)、既往史以及前列腺疾病的家族史等。采用Logistic回归模型计算OR值和95%CI。结果 病例组脑力劳动者所占的比例高于对照组,但其所从事的职业性活动却低于对照组,二者差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.446,P<0.05)。与不饮酒者比较,每天酒精摄入量为31~45 g者其OR=0.652,95%CI=0.484~0.878;洒精摄入量为46~60 g/d者其OR=0.533,95%CI=0.307~0.924。但重度饮酒者这种相关性减弱,酒精摄入量>60 g/d者与不饮酒者比,OR值增大,OR=0.623,95%CI=0.438~0.886。结论 酒精摄入量与BPH危险性间呈U型关系,而饮酒的年限、体重指数与BPH发病无关系。适量饮酒(酒精摄入量≤60 g/d)可能是BPH发病的保护因素。     

长沙体检人群身体质量指数与脂肪肝关系的探讨

目的 分析身体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)与脂肪肝的关系,明确发生脂肪肝的BMI临界值,以便及时识别并干预脂肪肝高危人群。方法 收集2020年1月—2021年8月在湖南省人民医院健康管理中心进行体检的成年人健康体检资料24 019例,根据我国目前超重和肥胖标准分成体重过轻组、正常组、超重组和肥胖组,使用二元logistic回归分析评估四组患脂肪肝的风险,利用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operator characteristic curve, ROC曲线)判断发生脂肪肝的BMI临界值。结果 (1)本次所选取长沙地区体检人群的脂肪肝患病率为35.64%;(2)二元logistic回归分析矫正混杂因素后显示超重组和肥胖组患脂肪肝的风险分别是正常组的2.946倍和9.168倍(P<0.05),表明BMI增高是脂肪肝的独立危险因素;(3)超重组和肥胖组患脂肪肝的风险在不同的甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平中存在差异(P_交互作用<0.05)。(4)ROC曲线显示,男性发生脂肪肝的BMI临界值为24.60,曲线下面积(area ...     

The relation between body mass index and plasma total cholesterol in a multiracial sample of US schoolchildren

The relation between body mass index expressed as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters cubed (weight (kg)/height (m3)) and plasma total cholesterol was assessed in a sample of 11,389 US schoolchildren, aged 5-18 years, between 1984 and 1989. Among whites and Hispanics, a statistically significant nonlinear relation was found between weight (kg)/height (m3) and plasma total cholesterol. Mean cholesterol values increased exponentially above the 50th percentile of body mass index. Additionally, mean cholesterol levels as well as the odds of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol value greater than 180 mg/dl) were highest among children with weight (kg)/height (m3) values above the 95th percentile. Among black children, weight (kg)/height (m3) did not appear to be related to plasma total cholesterol. Possible explanations as well as public health implications of these findings are discussed.