Quantitative determination of vasicine and vasicinone in Adhatoda vasica by high performance capillary electrophoresis

A new method of capillary electrophoresis was developed for the quantitative determination of vasicine and vasicinone from Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees. The electrophoretic separation was performed using a 47 cm x 50 microm ID (38.5 cm effective length) fused silica capillary. The samples were injected by pressure for 3 s at 50 mbar and the running voltage was 19 kV at the injector end of the capillary. The capillary temperature was maintained at 40 degrees C. The separation of the two alkaloids has been achieved within 11 min with good repeatability. The method was validated in terms of reproducibility, linearity, accuracy and applied for the quantitative determination of vasicine and vasicinone in A. vasica plant samples/extracts. Parameters affecting the resolution such as pH, temperature, organic modifier, buffer concentration and capillary dimensions were reported.     

Seasonal Variation of Alkaloids of Adhatoda vasica and Detection of Glycosides and N-Oxides of Vasicine and Vasicinone.

The distribution pattern of the alkaloids of A. VASICA has been studied with change of season. The study also resulted in the detection of glycosides and N-oxides of vasicine and vasicinone.     

Anti-ulcer activity of Adhatoda vasica Nees

Adhatoda vasica Nees (Acantheceae), commonly known as Vasaka, is a well-known plant in indigenous systems of medicine and is used for its beneficial effects, particularly in bronchitis. The present investigation was carried out to study the anti-ulcer activity of Adhatoda vasica leaves using two ulcer models (1) Ethanol-induced, and (2) Pylorus ligation plus aspirin-induced models. Adhatoda vasica leaf powder showeda considerable degree of anti-ulcer activity in experimental rats when compared with a control. The highest degree of activity (80%) was observed in the ethanol-induced ulceration model. Results of the study suggest that in addition to its classically established pharmacological activities, the plant also has immense potential as an anti-ulcer agent of great therapeutic relevance.     

Seasonal fluctuation of flavonol glycosides in Epimedium species

The seasonal fluctuation of flavonol glycosides in the leaves of Epimedium grandiflorum var. thunbergianum, E. cremeum and E. sempervirens (Berberidaceae) was investigated. The total content of glycosides was shown in the highest quantity at the flowering time, and as the leaves mature it has become stable amount with a little decrease. The suitable period for the harvest of Epimedium leaves was concluded to be two or three months after the flowering time.     

Infraspecific variation and alkaloids of papaver species

Many species of PAPAVER exist as chemical races and, in order to illustrate this fact, examples have been chosen from the sections Miltantha and Oxytona. Future work on the alkaloids of PAPAVER species, including the possibility of novel compounds, aspects of biosynthesis and plant cell culture, are briefly discussed.     

RP-HPLC-DAD法同时测定吴茱萸汤中7个生物碱和2个黄酮苷含量(英文)

建立反相高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测 (RP-HPLC-DAD) 法同时测定经典名方吴茱萸汤中7个生物碱 (去氢吴茱萸碱、10-羟基吴茱萸次碱、吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱、1-甲基-2-正壬基-4(1H)喹诺酮、吴茱萸卡品碱和二氢吴茱萸卡品碱) 和2个黄酮苷 (异鼠李素-7-O-芸香糖苷和香叶木素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)的含量。RP-HPLC分离应用反相C18 色谱柱, 甲醇-1%醋酸水溶液梯度洗脱, 流速为1.0 mL/min, 检测波长为300 nm。上述9个分析物达到基线分离, 标准曲线线性关系良好(r2>0.9941), 日内和日间精密度和准确度符合分析方法学要求, 加样回收率为90.13%-102.48% (RSDs<3.6%)。经方法学验证, 所建立的方法适用于吴茱萸汤物质基础的质量控制。     

Seasonal variation in the content of sennoside in Senna leaves

Cassia acutifolia (Alexandrian Senna) andC.angustifolia (Tinnevelly Senna) have great medicinal value because of sennosides, in leaves and pods, used as purgatives. The seasonal variation of sennoside in leaves of these species was studied from January to December 1975. A decline in the sennoside content was observed in both species with the onset of flowering and fruiting. A fall in the sennoside content was also observed during the rainy season. This fall was experimentally shown to be due to the leaching effect of rain. After the rainy season the plants shed their old leaves and newly sprouted leaves contained a very high percentage of sennosides, which again declined on maturation.     

Seasonal variation of saponins, sucurose and monosaccharides in cultivated ginseng roots

Yield of methanolic extract of fresh roots of Ginseng harvested in winter was found to be more than two-fold grater than from roots collected in summer; this remarkable increase is mainly due to the large increase of sucrose in roots in winter. On the other hand, biologically active dammarane-saponins in the roots increase in summer. These results indicate that roots should be harvested in summer for the production of high quality Ginseng extracts.     

Chemiluminescence detection of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) alkaloids

A review with 98 references. The determination of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) alkaloids and their semi-synthetic derivatives has important applications in industrial process monitoring, clinical analysis and forensic science. Liquid-phase chemiluminescence reagents such as tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and acidic potassium permanganate exhibit remarkable sensitivity and complementary selectivity for many P. somniferum alkaloids, which has been exploited in the development of a range of analytical procedures using flow analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and microfluidic instrumentation.     

Seasonal variation,hip fracture and vitamin D levels in Southern Tasmania

AIMS: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in older patients admitted with a hip fracture and to look for seasonal variation in vitamin D levels and hip fracture in Southern Tasmania. METHODS: This was a case series of patients admitted to the Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania with a hip fracture from July 1996-June 1997. Information was collected on demographic data, functional activity, associated medical disorders and drug history. RESULTS: There were 91 patients, 66 female with a mean age of 81.3 years. Vitamin D deficiency, defined as a serum 1,25 hydroxyvitamin D level <28 nmol/L was present in 67% of subjects. Vitamin D levels were low throughout the year without significant seasonal variation. There was no seasonal variation in admissions with a hip fracture. The majority of patients (68%) either lived in institutional care or were dependent on a carer and 43% reported going outdoors less than once a week. CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of vitamin D deficiency in these subjects admitted with a hip fracture reflects reduced sunlight exposure and poor diet and is probably a marker of frailty. The absence of seasonal variation reflects a frailer population likely to be housebound, less mobile and more likely to have falls and sustain a fracture. Older and frailer people may benefit from routine screening for vitamin D deficiency, and replacement therapy should be considered for those found to be deficient.     

Seasonal variation in responses of the toad renal vasculature to adrenaline

Summary Adrenaline and noradrenaline produced both constriction and dilatation of the toad renal vasculature: constrictor effects were mediated by -adrenoceptors; dilator effects were mediated by -adrenoceptors. Vasoconstriction was the predominant response to these amines. Dilatation was only revealed after blockade of -adrenoceptors and constriction of the vasculature. There was a marked seasonal variation in the constrictor responses to adrenaline, but not to noradrenaline. The maximal increase in renal vascular resistance produced by adrenaline in summer was greater, by a factor of three, than the maximum constrictor response in winter. The response to adrenaline in summer was also significantly greater than the responses to noradrenaline in both summer and winter. However, after treatment with propranolol there was no difference between the maximum vasoconstrictions to these two amines, in summer or in winter. Determination of dissociation constants for phentolamine indicated that adrenaline and noradrenaline acted on the same population of -adrenoceptors in both summer and winter. The enhanced vasoconstriction to adrenaline in summer appears to be due to a reduced potency of adrenaline on renal vascular -adrenoceptors. The reduction in potency may be caused by a subtle configurational change in the -adrenoceptors, perhaps induced by hormonal changes associated with the onset of breeding.     

Seasonal variation in self-reports of recent alcohol consumption: racial and ethnic differences

OBJECTIVE: This study considered whether monthly variation in self-reports of recent alcohol consumption differs systematically by race. METHOD: Telephone survey data collected by the Centers for Disease Control's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used to measure self-reports of drinking and heavy episodic drinking in the 30 days before the interview. The sample (N = 1,087,813) comprises adults over the years 1985-2000. Monthly variation in self-reports of any drinking and heavy episodic use were evaluatedusing logistic regression, controlling for demographic characteristics, year effects and state clustering. RESULTS: The previously documented "January effect" in past month alcohol consumption--that people interviewed in January are much more likely to report drinking behavior relative to the overall odds--is found to exist for every racial group. Seasonal variation in reports of heavy episodic use, however, differs substantially by race. Black and white respondents are more likely to report this behavior when interviewed in January, whereas the associated peak for Hispanic men is in June. Asians reveal no significantly different heavy episodic drinking behavior in any month relative to the overall odds. Cultural specific factors may contribute to this racial variation in heavy episodic drinking behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic characteristics, such as race and ethnicity are important determinants of seasonal variation in self-reports of recent alcohol consumption and should be taken into account by researchers and policymakers.     

Determination of glycosides and sugars in Moutan Cortex by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection

A method based on capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection has been developed for the separation and determination of paeoniflorin, sucrose, paeonoside, glucose, and fructose in Moutan Cortex for the first time. Effects of several important factors such as the concentration of NaOH, separation voltage, injection time, and detection potential were investigated to acquire the optimum conditions. The detection electrode was a 300 microm diameter copper disc electrode at a working potential of +0.60 V (versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE)). The five analytes can be well-separated within 12 min in a 40 cm length fused silica capillary at a separation voltage of 12 kV in a 75 mM NaOH aqueous solution. The relation between peak current and analyte concentration was linear over about 3 orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N = 3) ranging from 0.9 to 1.3 microM for all analytes. The proposed method has been successfully applied to monitor glycoside and sugar contents in the real plant samples with satisfactory assay results.