吗啡依赖对小鼠肺表面活性物质分泌的影响

目的探讨吗啡依赖对小鼠肺表面活性物质分泌的影响.方法以剂量递增法皮下注射吗啡建立吗啡依赖小鼠模型,纳洛酮诱发戒断症状.根据小鼠戒断反应中出现的跳跃次数、体重下降等指标评定戒断反应强度.采用毛细管上升现象测定吗啡依赖和戒断小鼠离体肺灌洗液表面张力的变化.结果吗啡依赖组和纳洛酮催促戒断组离体肺灌洗液表面相对张力和表面张力均明显大于对照组(P<0.01),而且吗啡戒断组离体肺灌洗液表面相对张力和表面张力又明显大于吗啡依赖组(P<0.01).结论吗啡依赖和纳洛酮催促戒断小鼠肺表面活性物质含量下降,尤其是戒断期.这些变化可能是吗啡依赖造成肺功能损害的原因之一.     

吗啡依赖对小鼠海马神经元核酸代谢的影响

目的：探讨吗啡依赖对小鼠海马神经元结构和功能损害的分子机制。方法：以剂量递增法皮下注射吗啡建立吗啡依赖小鼠模型,采用吖啶橙荧光探讨技术,显示吗啡领带组、纳洛酮催促戒断组和正常对照组小鼠海马神经元DNA和RNA的变化。结果：与对照组相比,吗啡依赖组和纳洛酮催促戒断组海马神经元DNA和RNA荧光反应强度均明显减弱,纳洛酮催促戒断组荧光反应强度更弱。结论：吗啡依赖和纳洛酮催促戒断损伤海马神经元核代谢,后者的损伤程度更为严重,这些变化可能是吗啡依赖造成脑功能损坏尤其是学习记忆功能下降的原因之一。     

吗啡依赖对小鼠海马神经元核酸代谢的影响

目的探讨吗啡依赖对小鼠海马神经元结构和功能损害的分子机制。方法以剂量递增法皮下注射吗啡建立吗啡依赖小鼠模型,采用吖啶橙荧光探针技术,显示吗啡依赖组、纳洛酮催促戒断组和正常对照组小鼠海马神经元DNA和RNA的变化。结果与对照组相比,吗啡依赖组和纳洛酮催促戒断组海马神经元DNA和RNA荧光反应强度均明显减弱,纳洛酮催促戒断组荧光反应强度更弱。结论吗啡依赖和纳洛酮催促戒断损伤海马神经元核酸代谢,后者的损伤程度更为严重,这些变化可能是吗啡依赖造成脑功能损坏尤其是学习记忆功能下降的原因之一。     

戒毒康对吗啡依赖豚鼠离体回肠戒断性收缩的影响

目的 研究戒毒康对吗啡依赖豚鼠离体回肠催促戒断反应的抑制作用。方法 连续递增皮下注射吗啡,建立豚鼠身体依赖性模型,利用MD2000 Super Lab 生物信息采集系统观察戒毒康对纳洛酮催促诱发吗啡身体依赖性豚鼠离体回肠的戒断性收缩的抑制作用。结果 戒毒康高(0.6 mg·mL^-1)、中(0.3 mg·mL^-1)、低(0.15 mg·mL^-1)3个剂量对吗啡依赖豚鼠离体回肠纳洛酮催促戒断性收缩的抑制率分别为：78.8%,46.8%,30.0%,并呈剂量相关性,其中高剂量组和中剂量组与模型组比较,有显著性差异。结论 戒毒康在一定程度上能抑制吗啡依赖豚鼠离体回肠体外纳洛酮催促戒断性收缩。     

PI-3K信号通路在吗啡依赖纳洛酮激发戒断反应中的作用

目的：研究PI-3K信号通路在吗啡依赖纳洛酮激发戒断反应中的作用。方法：在小鼠急性和慢性吗啡依赖和戒断模型上,采用鞘内和脑室内注射PI-3K抑制剂对吗啡依赖小鼠纳洛酮催促戒断反应的影响,探讨神经元PI-3K信号通路吗啡依赖和戒断过程中的作用。结果：鞘内预先注射PI-3K信号通路抑制剂LY294002及Wortmanin能明显加重急性和慢性吗啡依赖小鼠纳洛酮激发戒断反应。脑窜内预先注射PI-3K信号通路抑制剂LY294002及Wortmanin也明显加重急性和慢性吗啡依赖小鼠纳洛酮激发戒断反应。结论：脊髓和脊髓上中枢神经元PI-3K信号通路均参与吗啡依赖的形成及戒断反应的表达。     

Cedemex对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状的干预及治疗作用

目的:观察草药制剂Cedemex对吗啡依赖大鼠催促戒断症状的干预及治疗作用.方法:用7 d时间建立吗啡依赖大鼠模型,末次注射吗啡后,给大鼠灌胃不同剂量的Cedemex,分别在4 h及治疗5 d后腹腔注射纳洛酮进行催促戒断,记录1 h内戒断症状评分值及体重变化.结果:Cedemex高、低剂量组吗啡依赖大鼠经纳洛酮催促出现的戒断症状均显著减轻(P＜0.05),同时能对抗吗啡依赖大鼠体重的下降.结论:Cedemex对吗啡依赖大鼠催促戒断症状有明显的干预作用和治疗作用.     

小鼠吗啡依赖纳洛酮催促戒断跳跃反应模型的建立

目的建立稳定的小鼠吗啡依赖纳洛酮催促戒断跳跃反应模型。方法小鼠连续皮下注射吗啡,以纳洛酮催促戒断跳跃反应为指标,调整吗啡给予天数(5,6,7,10d)、吗啡累积剂量(360,560,640,945,1100,1105,1200mg/kg)、每日给予吗啡的频数[一天二次(bid),一天三次(tid)]、纳洛酮催促紧前给予吗啡与否、以及纳洛酮剂量(10,20mg/kg),建立四个造模方案包括八个子方案。结果方案A、B2、C2吗啡组小鼠跳跃反应率未达100%;方案B1、C1、D2、D3、D4吗啡组小鼠跳跃次数变异系数较大。方案D1采用小鼠连续皮下注射倍增剂量的吗啡,tid×6d,每日每次剂量分别为5,10,20,40,80,160mg/kg;第7天皮下注射吗啡160mg/kg,3h后腹腔注射纳洛酮10mg/kg,吗啡组小鼠可产生显著的跳跃反应,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01),且变异系数小(CV为0.22),该方案吗啡依赖小鼠跳跃反应次数适度,离散度小。结论选用方案D1可建立稳定的小鼠戒断跳跃反应模型。     

双金解毒胶囊对吗啡依赖性动物的药效学研究

目的观察双金解毒胶囊对吗啡依赖性动物模型的脱毒药效.方法以剂量递增法造成动物对吗啡的依赖性,用纳洛酮催促戒断、自然戒断模型上,以盐酸苯氨咪唑啉作为阳性对照,评价双金解毒胶囊对吗啡依赖动物戒断症状的抑制作用.结果在吗啡依赖大鼠纳洛酮催促戒断模型,双金解毒胶囊1.6 g和3.2 g/kg,均可显著控制大鼠的戒断症状(P＜0.01),对大鼠体质量的恢复,0.8 g、1.6 g和3.2 g/kg组均较盐水对照组为快(P＜0.01).在吗啡依赖大鼠自然戒断模型,双金解毒胶囊1.6 g和3.2 g/kg组自然戒断症状显著较盐水对照组为轻(P＜0.01),体质量恢复亦较快(P＜0.01).双金解毒胶囊0.4 g、0.8 g和1.6 g/kg均可显著改善吗啡依赖猴的戒断症状(P＜0.05与0.01).结论双金解毒胶囊对吗啡依赖大鼠和猴有脱毒作用.     

神农戒毒栓对吗啡依赖大鼠和小鼠的实验治疗

“神农戒毒栓”对吗啡依赖小鼠的跳跃反应和对大鼠催促戒断症状的量化是评价阿片类物质依赖程度的客观指标，实验提示：神农戒毒栓对吗啡依赖小鼠能明显降低跳跃交 与跳跃日分率；地吗啡依赖大鼠能明显抑制戒断症状。     

复方戒毒片对吗啡成瘾动物模型的影响

目的观察复方戒毒片对动物吗啡依赖性及纳洛酮催促戒断症状的作用。方法采用明暗箱建立小鼠条件性位置偏爱模型,考察药物对吗啡成瘾小鼠药物依赖性的影响;注射吗啡成瘾及纳洛酮催促戒断的方法制作大小鼠成瘾戒断模型,研究药物对消除戒断症状的改善作用。结果条件性位置偏爱模型组小鼠在白箱停留时间延长;纳洛酮催促戒断模型组小鼠的焦虑症状明显加剧（P〈0.01）;模型组大鼠戒断症状明显,其总平均分明显增加（P〈0.01）,大鼠额叶皮质内的去甲肾上腺素（NE）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）含量明显增加,β-内啡肽（β-EP）的含量明显降低（P〈0.01）。经复方戒毒片治疗后,NE、5-HT含量下降,戒断症状减轻,β-EP含量明显上升（P〈0.01）。结论复方戒毒片有减轻吗啡依赖的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.