COX-2、Ki-67联合检测对良恶性前列腺病变鉴别诊断的价值分析

目的 探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、细胞增殖核抗原Ki-67(Ki-67)联合检测对良恶性前列腺病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法 选取2017年1月至2019年6月本院收治的168例良恶性前列腺病变患者,将其中83例前列腺癌(PCa)患者设为PCa组,85例良性前列腺病变患者[良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者40例、前列腺上皮内瘤(PIN)患者45例]设为BPH+PIN组。检测两组前列腺病变组织的COX-2、Ki-67表达水平;分析前列腺组织中的COX-2、Ki-67表达水平与PCa临床病理特征的关系;采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价前列腺病变组织COX-2、Ki-67 mRNA表达水平对PCa的诊断和鉴别价值。结果 PCa组患者的前列腺组织中COX-2、Ki-67 mRNA及蛋白阳性表达率水平均高于BPH+PIN组（均P<0.001）;PCa组患者的前列腺组织中COX-2、Ki-67表达水平与临床分期、远处转移、淋巴结转移、浸润深度、分化程度有明显相关性（均P<0.05）,与年龄、组织类型无相关性（均P>0.05）;前列腺病变组织的COX-2、Ki-67 mRNA诊断PCa的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.885、0.868,灵敏度分别为83.13%、78.31%,特异度分别为91.76%、92.94%;两者联合鉴别PCa的灵敏度（95.18%）高于两项单独检测,而特异度（90.59%）低于两项单独检测。结论 前列腺病变组织中的COX-2联合Ki-67对PCa具有较高的诊断价值,可提高诊断灵敏度,且具有较高准确度,有助于临床鉴别良恶性前列腺病变。     

转移抑制基因Kai1在前列腺癌中的表达

目的了解转移抑制基因Ｋａｉ１蛋白在前列腺癌（ＰＣａ）中的表达。方法采用免疫组化ＬＳＡＢ法分别测定５例正常前列腺、１０例前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）和３４例ＰＣａ（均为腺癌,临床Ｃ期或Ｄ期）新鲜前列腺组织中Ｋａｉ１蛋白的表达。结果Ｋａｉ１蛋白分布在腺上皮细胞膜的细胞与细胞连接部,正常前列腺和ＢＰＨ的Ｋａｉ１蛋白染色连续均匀一致,而在ＰＣａ则染色分布不连续,并且染色强度较ＢＰＨ明显降低,差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。癌细胞Ｋａｉ１蛋白染色强度与病理分级呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）,与临床分期无相关（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论Ｋａｉ１蛋白表达下降可能预示ＰＣａ转移,成为临床判断ＰＣａ预后的分子指标。     

PEDF在前列腺癌患者血清中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨色素上皮衍生因子（pigmentary epithelium derived factor,PEDF）在前列腺癌患者血清中表达并探讨其临床意义。方法：应用免疫印迹（Western blotting）法检测前列腺癌转移（PCaM）患者、前列腺癌未转移（PCa）患者及良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者血清中PEDF表达情况,并通过统计学方法比较各组PEDF的表达差异。结果：PEDF在BPH组血清样本中高于PCa组（P〈0．05）。PEDF在PCa组的血清样本中也高于PCaM组（P〈0．05）。结论：PEDF与前列腺癌的发牛和转移相关,并可能在前列腺癌的进展中起重要作用,借助测定PEDF的表达可以协助前列腺癌的诊断和预后评估。     

前列腺癌患者PCA3 mRNA的表达及其临床意义

目的：评价PCA3在前列腺癌诊断、临床分期及Gleason评分中的临床应用价值。方法：选取2005年11月～2006年9月在我院住院的前列腺癌患者56例，其中T2期12例，T3期21例，T4（N0～3，M0～1）期23例；Gleason评分5～7分27例，8～10分29例；BPH患者23例，健康男性9例。分别获取其外周血及前列腺按摩液，采用RT—PCR方法检测两种体液标本中PCA3的表达阳性情况，使用SPSS12．0统计软件包对其结果进行分析。结果：BPH和对照组两种体液标本未见PCA3阳性表达，而PCa患者外周血标本PCA3阳性率为88．9％（48／54），前列腺按摩液标本PCA3阳性率为81．3%（39／48），差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：两种体液标本PCA3的阳性表达有明显的前列腺癌特异性，并且随着前列腺癌的临床分期增高，其阳性率越高，有望成为诊断前列腺癌的新肿瘤标志物和判断预后的指标。     

TMSG-1在人前列腺癌细胞株与前列腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨肿瘤转移抑制基因-1(TMSG-1,亦称LASS2)在人不同转移潜能前列腺癌细胞株中与前列腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法 采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)及细胞爬片免疫荧光组织化学方法,检测TMSG-1在人不同转移潜能前列腺癌细胞株低转移潜能(PC-3M-2134)和高转移潜能(PC-3M-IE8)中的表达.并采用免疫组织化学方法检测TMSG-1在人前列腺增生及前列腺癌组织中的表达,同时探讨其与临床病理特征之间的关系.结果 TMSG-1在PC-3M-284细胞株中的mRNA及蛋白表达(2.70±0.30、75.26±2.68)均明显高于在PC-3M-IE8细胞株中的表达(1.10±0.20、38.08±1.84),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).通过免疫组织化学观察表明TMSG-1在前列腺增生及前列腺癌组织中均有表达,但在前列腺增生中的阳性表达率(32/40)明显高于在前列腺癌中的阳性表达率(21/60).两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).并且TMSG-1在前列腺癌组织中的表达与年龄、Gleason分级、淋巴结转移及TNM分期密切相关(P＜0.05),而与肿瘤的大小无明显相关.结论 TMSG-1在低转移潜能前列腺癌细胞株中的mRNA及蛋白表达明显高于在高转移潜能前列腺癌细胞株中的表达,证明它是一种肿瘤转移抑制基因.TMSG-1在人前列腺增生与前列腺癌组织中的表达之间差异有统计学意义,并且TMSG-1在前列腺癌中的表达与年龄、Gleason分级、淋巴结转移及TNM分期密切相关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the expression of tumor metastasis suppressor gene 1 (TMSG-1 as well LASS2) in different prostate cancer cell lines and prostate cancer tissues and its clinical significance. Methods Sixty patients with prostate cancer had undergone surgery between 2008 and 2010.Forty patients with prostatic hyperplasia were chosen. Immunofluorescence histochemistry was used to study the distribution of TMSG-1 in cells, immunohistochemistry was used to observe the difference in TMSG-1 expression between prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer tissues, and the relationship between the TMSG-1 expression and clinicopathological features in prostate cancer tissues was analyzed. Results The level of TMSG-1 mRNA in PC-3M-2B4 cell line with low metastatic potentiality (2. 70 ±0. 30) was higher than in PC-3M-IE8 cell line (1. 10 ±0. 20). Immunofluorescence histochemistry revealed that most of the collected prostate cancers and prostatic hyperplasia tissues expressed TMSG-1 in cytoplasma, and nuclei were stained in a few of prostate cancer tissues. The average fluorescence intensity of TMSG-1 in PC-3M-2B4 cells (75. 26 ±2. 68) was obviously higher than in PC-3M-IE8 cells (38. 08 ± 1. 84). There was obviously different expression of TMSG-1 between prostate cancers (21/60) and prostatic hyperplasia ( 32/40 ) ( P ＜0. 05 ) . The TMSG-1 levels in prostate cancer tissue were significantly correlated with ages,Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis and tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM) staging (P ＜0. 05) , but not with the size of tumor. Conclusion The expression level of TMSG-1 mRNA and protein in prostate cancer cell lines with low metastatic potentials significantly higher than in prostate carcinoma cell lines with high metastatic potentials, which proves that TMSG-1 is a tumor metastasis suppressor gene. From the difference in the TMSG-1 expression between human prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer tissues and the correlation with age, Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in prostate cancers, we infer that TMSG-1 is an important prognostic indicator in judging prostate cancer cell growth, progression and metastasis.     

Prostate calculi in cancer and BPH in a cohort of Korean men：presence of calculi did not correlate with cancer risk

Prostatic calculi are common and are associated with inflammation of the prostate. Recently,it has been suggested that this inflammation may be associated with prostate carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prostatic calculi and prostate cancer （PCa） in prostate biopsy specimens. We retrospectively analyzed 417 consecutive patients who underwent transrectal ultrasonography （TRUS） and prostate biopsies between January 2005 and January 2008. Based on the biopsy findings,patients were divided into benign prostatic hyperplasia and PCa groups. TRUS was used to detect prostatic calculi and to measure prostate volume.The correlations between PCa risk and age,serum total PSA levels,prostate volume,and prostatic calculi were analyzed. Patient age and PSA,as well as the frequency of prostatic calculi in the biopsy specimens,differed significantly between both the groups （P〈0.05）. In the PCa group,the Gleason scores （GSs） were higher in patients with prostatic calculi than in patients without prostatic calculi （P = 0.023）. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis,we found that patient age,serum total PSA and prostate volume were risk factors for PCa （P = 0.001）,but that the presence of prostatic calculi was not associated with an increased risk of PCa （P = 0.13）. In conclusion,although the presence of prostatic calculi was not shown to be a risk factor for PCa,prostatic calculi were more common in patients with PCa and were associated with a higher GS among these men.     

前列腺癌组织中酪氨酸硫酸化转移酶1(TPST1)的表达水平及临床意义

目的分析酪氨酸硫酸化转移酶1(TPST1)在前列腺癌(PCa)组织中的表达情况,并探讨其与前列腺癌患者临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法在肿瘤基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库收集499例前列腺癌患者,分析TPST1 mRNA与PCa患者临床病理特征及预后的关系;采用免疫组织化学SP法检测前列腺组织芯片(TMA)中TPST1蛋白的表达,并分析其与PCa患者临床病理特征的关系。结果 TCGA数据库结果显示TPST1表达量与年龄具有显著相关性(P<0.05),与血清PSA、Gleason评分、临床T分期、淋巴结转移和远处转移相关性没有统计学意义(P>0.05);免疫组化结果显示,PCa癌组织中TPST1蛋白的高表达率为78.0%(39/50),明显高于非前列腺癌组织的46.67%(14/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);TPST1的TMA分析结果显示,TPST1蛋白表达量与年龄、肿瘤分级、Gleason评分、临床T分期、淋巴结转移以及远处转移相关性没有统计学意义(P>0.05);TCGA数据库样本的Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示TPST1 mRNA高表达组的无生化复发生存情况和无病生存情况差于低表达组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);COX单因素和多因素分析结果显示,TPST1不是影响PCa患者生存预后的独立危险因素。结论 TPST1在PCa癌组织中呈高表达,TPST1高表达提示预后差,但其与PCa患者临床分期、淋巴结转移无明显相关性,不是影响PCa患者生存预后的独立危险因素。     

Clinical significance of elevation in neuroendocrine factors and interleukin-6 in metastatic prostate cancer

Serum biomarkers that reflect the complex pathways of cancer progression have contributed to the clinical understanding of many malignancies. Recent studies have suggested that certain neuroendocrine (NE) elements participate in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) may serve as a useful marker of and contribute to PCa morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of elevation of two NE factors, chromogranin A (CGA) and bombesin-like immunoreactivity (BLI), in patients with advanced PCa and to determine their relationship to serum prostate-specific antigen PSA) and IL-6 levels, as well as known prognostic indicators (hormonal state, stage). Serum CGA determined by radioimmunoassay was elevated in I (7%) of 15 androgen-dependent (AD) patients and II (52%) of 21 androgen-independent (AI) patients; and urine BLI determined by radioimmunoassay was elevated in 2 (13%) of 16 AD patients and 10 (39%) of 21 AI patients. Frequency of elevation was higher in patients with distant metastasis (bone, visceral) compared with those with local/regional extensions of the disease. Levels of the NE factors correlated well with serum and bone marrow aspirate IL-6 concentrations but not with serum PSA levels. Elevation in either NE factor predicted for shortened survival. Measurement of NE factors in PCa identifies a subset of patients with advanced disease likely to express high levels of IL-6 and have a shorter survival. If confirmed, these findings will support the existence of a clinically relevant subset of patients in whom NE factors are involved in AI PCA progression.     

Molecular PCA3 diagnostics on prostatic fluid

BACKGROUND: The PCA3 test on urine can improve specificity in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and could prevent unnecessary prostate biopsies. In this study, we evaluated the PCA3 test on prostatic fluid and compared this with the PCA3 test on urine in a clinical research setting. METHODS: Prostatic fluid and urine samples from 67 men were collected following digital rectal examination (DRE). The sediments were analyzed using the quantitative APTIMA PCA3 test. The results were compared with prostate biopsy results. RESULTS: Using a PCA3 score of 66 as a cut-off value, the test on prostatic fluid had 65% sensitivity for the detection of PCa, 82% specificity and a negative predictive value of 82%. At a cut-off value of 43, the test on urine had 61% sensitivity, 80% specificity and a negative predictive value of 80%. CONCLUSIONS: The PCA3 test can be performed on both urine and prostatic fluid in the diagnosis of PCa with comparable results.     

Incidence and histological findings of unsuspected prostatic adenocarcinoma in radical cystoprostatectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

OBJECTIVE: The present study is designed to evaluate the incidence, histological features and significance of prostatic adenocarcinoma in patients undergoing cystoprostatectomy for Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. PATIENTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 1990 to December 1996, 59 male patients (mean age 66.5 years), with no evidence of prostatic malignancy on preoperative clinical and biochemical assessment, underwent cystoprostatectomy for TCC of the bladder. The bladder was adequately sampled and the entire prostate sectioned at 5-mm intervals and examined histologically, in order to identify unsuspected prostatic cancer (PCa). RESULTS: Sixteen out of 59 patients (27%) were found to have PCa, which was multifocal in 5 cases (31.25%). The mean tumor size was 0.24 cm. The tumors were equally distributed in the anterior and posterior parts of the prostate and in the peripheral and transition zones, with uniform distribution in both prostatic lobes. In 5 patients (31.25%), the single focus of the tumor was in the apex. All were grade I tumors except one, and all were organ-confined with no capsular penetration. The follow-up ranged from 12-74 months (mean 39 months). Within this period, 7 patients died from metastatic bladder cancer. One patient with PCa localized in the prostatic apex had recurrent prostatic disease in the urethro-ileal anastomosis of an orthotopic bladder substitute; he is alive and on androgen deprivation. The remaining patients are relapse-free. CONCLUSIONS: Incidental PCa is quite a common finding in cystoprostatectomy specimens of bladder cancer patients. Its tendency to appear in the apex of the prostate demands careful and complete excision of the organ.     

Benefits from standalone durvalumab treatment in an elderly patient with advanced prostatic sarcoma: a case report

There is a lacking of effective therapeutic strategies in the treatment of advanced prostatic sarcoma with high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR). In this study, we present the first described a case of advanced MSI-H and dMMR prostatic sarcoma in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, who received an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (durvalumab) as the first-line treatment and achieved partial remission (PR) without visible adverse events. A 91-year-old male patient presented with frequent urination and defecation difficulty for over three months, aggravating for ten days. Digital rectal examination showed the prostate gland was III° enlargement and tough with a smooth surface. The MRI showed occupying lesions in the prostate without distant metastasis. Then, the prostate biopsy showed poorly differentiated small round cell malignant tumor and considered prostatic sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry showed MSI-H and dMMR prostatic sarcoma. Durvalumab alone was applied at a cycle of every 21 days (500 mg/day) for 18 months and achieved PR two months since the treatment. During the treatment, we didn’t observe rash, immune-related pneumonia, hepatitis, and other adverse events. Also, no recurrence or metastasis was observed until now. Durvalumab is effective and safe in the treatment of advanced MSI-H or dMMR prostatic sarcoma in an elderly patient. It is promising to be an available choice for advanced prostate sarcoma, which is unsuitable for surgery, conventional chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.     

Androgen receptors expressed by prostatic stromal cells obtained from younger versus older males exhibit opposite roles in prostate cancer progression

Aging is a major risk factor for prostate cancer （PCa）, and prostatic stromal cells may also promote PCa progression. Accordingly, stromal cells do not equally promote PCa in older males and younger males. Therefore, it is also possible that the expression of androgen receptors （ARs） by prostatic stromal cells in older versus younger males plays different roles in PCa progression. Using a gene knockdown technique and coculture system, we found that the knockdown of the AR in prostatic stromal cells obtained from younger males could promote the invasiveness and metastasis of cocultured PC3/LNCaP cells in vitro. By contrast, the invasiveness and metastasis of LNCaP cells was inhibited when cocultured with prostatic stromal cells from older males that when AR expression was knocked down. Moreover, after targeting AR expression with small hairpin RNA （shRNA）, matrix metalloproteinase （MMP） expression in stromal cells was observed to increase in the younger group, but decreased or remained unchanged in the older group. One exception, however, was observed with MMP9. In vivo, after knocking down AR expression in prostatic stromal cells, the incidence of metastatic lymph nodes was observed to increase in the younger age group, but decreased in the older age group. Together, these data suggest that the AR in prostatic stromal cells played opposite roles in PCa metastasis for older versus younger males. Therefore, collectively, the function of the AR in prostatic stromal cells appears to change with age, and this may account for the increased incidence of PCa in older males.     

Kallikrein 4 is a potential mediator of cellular interactions between cancer cells and osteoblasts in metastatic prostate cancer

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) and bone cell interactions are critical in the metastatic phase. Kallikrein 4 (KLK4/hK4) is expressed in both PCa and mineralized tissues. We determined if KLK4/hK4 expression was associated with, and influenced by, the bone environment of metastatic PCa. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry, in vitro co-culture, cell migration, and attachment assays. RESULTS: hK4 was localized to tumor cells and osteoblasts in bone metastases. KLK4/hK4 increased in LNCaP and PC3 cells co-cultured with SaOs2 cells; SaOs2 KLK4/hK4 was unchanged. Co-culture did not affect cell proliferation but altered alkaline phosphatase activity/mRNA levels in SaOs2 cells. KLK4-transfected PC3 cells had increased migration towards SaOs2 conditioned medium and greater attachment to the bone-matrix proteins, collagens I and IV. CONCLUSIONS: hK4 expression and interaction with both tumor cells and osteoblasts suggests a role for hK4 in PCa bone metastasis. Whether this observation is unique to bone metastasis or reflects a role for hK4 in PCa metastasis generally is yet to be established.     

前列腺癌、前列腺增生症患者血清骨保护素测定的临床价值

目的探讨前列腺癌（PCa）患者和前列腺增生（BPH）症患者血清中骨保护素（OPG）浓度的差异以及前列腺癌患者骨保护素浓度与血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）水平、前列腺体积是否具有相关性。方法采用双抗体夹心酶免法（ELISA）测定40例前列腺癌患者及40例前列腺增生患者血清OPG浓度,同时采集PCa患者的前列腺体积及PSA值。比较PCa患者及BPH患者血清OPG浓度的差异以及前列腺癌患者中OPG浓度与PSA、前列腺体积之间有无相关性。结果 PCa患者的血清OPG浓度平均值水平〔（14 900.19±5 168.65）pg/mL〕显著高于BPH组〔（10 457.87±4 786.29）pg/mL〕,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。PCa患者血清OPG浓度与PSA值及前列腺体积之间均无明显相关性（r分别为=0.221、0.138,P均〉0.1）。结论血清OPG浓度对鉴别PCa和BPH有重要临床价值,PCa患者血清OPG浓度与血清PSA值及前列腺体积无明显相关性。     

Clinical usefulness of cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) as a bone metastatic marker in patients with prostate cancer--comparison with serum PICP, PINP and ICTP

Type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx) in urine, the degraded form of type I collagen cross-linked in bone, has been evaluated as a marker of bone resorption. In this study, the clinical usefulness of NTx as a marker of bone metastasis of prostate cancer was compared with that the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), the aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), and the pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in serum. We assessed 37 cases of prostatic cancer in which the diagnosis had been confirmed pathologically. The patients were 15 patients with prostatic cancer with bone metastasis (before treatment or during a relapse) (Group 1); 11 patients, with bone metastasis, but for whom treatment was effective and condition had stabilized (Group 2); and 11 patients, with localized prostatic cancer and no evidence of bone metastasis (Group 3). The serum PICP, PINP, and ICTP levels and concentration of NTx in urine were compared among the three groups with the Mann-Whitney U test, with p values less than 0.05 considered significant. Urine NTx concentrations in Groups 1, 2 and 3 were 539.3 +/- 202.9, 160.6 +/- 97.6 and 48.6 +/- 7.6 nMBCE/mMCr, respectively. The differences between the Group 1 and Group 2 and between Group 1 and Group 3 were significant (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). The differences between Group 1 and Group 3 and between Group 2 and Group 3 were significant for serum PICP, PINP and ICTP concentrations (p < 0.05). The correlation coefficient between urine NTx and each serum bone metabolic marker was 0.8 for PICP, 0.4 for PINP and 0.5 for ICTP. These bone metabolic markers are promising clinical markers of bone metastatic and may be useful for prediction of therapeutic efficacy and recurrence in bone and quantification of the extent of bone metastates.     

E-cd和α-Cat表达与前列腺组织良恶性和转移性关系的研究

目的:研究黏附蛋白E-cd及α-Cat在良恶性前列腺组织中的表达,以及能否作为判定前列腺癌(PCa)预后的标志物。方法:应用免疫组化Elivision法,检测10例前列腺增生(BPH)和45例PCa患者组织标本中E-cd及α-Cat表达,并探讨E-cd及α-Cat的表达与PCa分级、分期、术前PSA、内分泌治疗效果及预后的关系。结果:①E-cd表达情况:在PCa和BPH中异常表达率分别为86.7%和10.0%,差异有显著性(P<0.05);PCa中转移和未转移组、Gleason评分≤7和Gleason评分>7组E-cd异常表达率分别为85.0%和87.5%,100.0%和86.7%,组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);PSA≤10μg/L和PSA>10μg/L的PCa中E-cd异常表达率分别为40.0%和97.1%,组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);在内分泌治疗有效与无效组中E-cd异常表达率分别为93.8%和72.7%,组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。②α-Cat表达情况:PCa和BPH中α-Cat异常表达率分别为93.3%和30.0%,差异有显著性(P<0.05);PCa中转移和未转移组、Gleason评分>7和Gleason评分≤7组α-Cat异常表达率为90.0%和100.0%,90.0%和100.0%,组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);PSA≤10μg/L和PSA>10μg/L的PCa中α-Ca异常表达率为40.0%和94.3%,两者比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);在内分泌治疗有效与无效组中α-Cat异常表达率表达分别为100.0%和81.8%,组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:E-cd和α-Cat的表达与前列腺组织良恶性有关,与PCa转移性无关,在PCa中E-cd和α-Cat表达与PSA值成负相关。     

Galectin-3在前列腺癌中的表达及意义

目的:研究Galectin-3在前列腺癌(PCa)中的表达,探讨其与PCa发生发展、侵袭转移的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测48例PCa组织和20例良性前列腺增生组织中Galectin-3的表达.结果:在48例PCa患者中只有14例Galectin-3表达阳性(29.2%),与良性前列腺增生中的表达(65%)差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),并且Galectin-3的表达与PCa的病理分期、Gleason评分及转移密切相关.结论:Galectin-3在PCa中表达降低,其低表达可能对PCa的发生发展及转移起重要作用.Galectin-3可望成为PCa治疗的新靶点.     

Mortality in prostatic carcinoma

One hundred forty-seven patients definitively irradiated for biopsy-proved adenocarcinoma of the prostate from December, 1975, to March, 1979, have either died after a median survival of forty-five months or have been followed up for a minimum of seven years. Seventy-six patients (52%) are currently alive, 62 of them with no evidence of disease. Seventy-one patients (48%) have died, 28 without disease. In addition, 12 patients died with prostatic carcinoma but of other causes. In assessing the characteristics of those patients who remain disease-free following treatment, a significant difference in disease control was seen based on tumor stage, histologic differentiation, pelvic lymph node status, and whether or not tumor was present microscopically at rebiopsy. Of those deceased patients with recurrent prostate cancer, more than one-half had distant metastasis only. In all, 61 percent of patients had no further evidence of prostatic carcinoma after definitive irradiation, 20 percent had distant metastasis alone, and only 18 percent had locally recurrent disease along with distant disease spread.     

32P介入法治疗前列腺增生症

目的　总结３ ２ Ｐ 介入法治疗前列腺增生症的疗效。　方法　采用介入法将放射活性１８５ ～４４４ Ｍ Ｂｑ 的３ ２ Ｐ 置入４１ 例前列腺增生组织内。　结果　随访２ 年。临床组３６ 例中的３１ 例国际前列腺症状评分（ Ｉ Ｐ Ｓ Ｓ） 、前列腺体积、剩余尿量及最大尿流率均有明显改善;病理组５ 例的前列腺增生组织纤维化萎缩。　结论　前列腺增生组织对放射线的敏感性较高,利用介入法行腺体内３ ２ Ｐ 辐射,可有效抑制增生组织的生长。     

环氧化酶2在不同前列腺癌细胞系中的表达

目的:研究环氧化酶2(COX-2)在不同前列腺癌细胞系中的表达,探讨COX-2在前列腺癌侵袭进展及转移潜能获得机制中的可能作用。方法:应用Western印迹及RT-PCR鉴定LNCaP及其亚细胞系C4-2和AR-CaP亚细胞系IF11、IA8,以及PC-3细胞中COX-2的表达情况,并初步分析其在不同特性前列腺癌细胞系转移侵袭过程中的作用。结果:Western印迹结果显示:COX-2蛋白在PC-3细胞中表达相对较高,在IF11、IA8、LNCaP和C4-2细胞中表达缺失,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COX-2mRNA表达结果同蛋白一致。结论:不同来源、不同转移潜能的前列腺癌细胞株中COX-2表达存在差异。高表达COX-2可能在PC-3细胞高侵袭转移潜能获得方面起着一定作用,而与其他细胞系转移作用无关。