单纯经皮机械祛栓治疗急性大面积肺栓塞的临床应用

目的评价单纯介入机械祛栓在治疗急性大面积肺栓塞(PE)方面的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性收集2003年1月到2008年1月经皮机械碎栓(PMT)或(和)Straub Rotarex系统祛栓治疗急性大面积PE病例6例。结果6例患者的肺动脉主干血流得以再通且临床症状改善。介入术后,患者SaO2从术前79.5%±5.3%增加至92.8%±3.4%(P<0.01);PaO2从术前从(58.0±9.8)mmHg增加至(88.7±4.1)mmHg(P<0.01);术后患者的平均肺动脉压(PAP)从(40.8±7.8)mmHg降至(29.8±8.0)mmHg(P<0.01);Miller指数从术前的0.54±0.03降至术后的0.18±0.07(P<0.01)。在完成临床随访的4例患者中,1～5年内均未有PE复发。结论初步临床经验显示单纯PMT是治疗急性大面积PE的一种简单、有效、安全的方法,尤其是针对有溶栓禁忌证的患者。     

静脉溶栓联合导管碎栓和切栓治疗急性大面积肺栓塞

目的评价静脉溶栓联合导管碎栓和切栓治疗急性大面积肺栓塞的临床疗效和安全性。方法对19例急性大面积肺栓塞患者，采用下腔静脉滤器置入、肺动脉导管碎栓和静脉溶栓加低分子肝素抗凝治疗，19例中4例加用了Straub Rotarex导管血栓旋切术。结果19例共行21次治疗。18例经介入治疗后胸闷、紫绀症状均明显改善，肺动脉中央分支血流恢复通畅，血氧饱和度由术前平均86％（74％～96％）上升到治疗后的平均97％（94％～100％）。肺动脉压力从术前的（334-5）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）下降到术后的（254-5）mmHg（t=13．2，P〈0．01）。l例双侧肺动脉主干大块血栓栓塞的患者，介入治疗无效，后经胸外科手术取栓未能成功，患者死亡。4例成功地采用了Straub Rotarex旋切治疗肺动脉血栓，未出现并发症。结论采用导管碎栓和血栓旋切等介入技术联合静脉溶栓抗凝治疗，是治疗急性大面积肺动脉栓塞的有效而且安全的方法。     

血管内介入治疗急性肺栓塞疗效观察

目的:研究经皮血管内介入治疗肺栓塞的临床价值。方法:21例临床疑诊病例,经多层螺旋CT或心脏彩超诊断为大面积或次大面积肺栓塞后,立即接受经皮肺动脉内导管碎栓及溶栓治疗。观察肺循环和临床症状改善情况。18例同时合并有下肢深静脉血栓患者,溶栓治疗后放置下腔静脉滤器。结果:20例患者临床症状明显改善。1例改善不明显。治疗前平均肺动脉压(36±5)mmHg、动脉血氧分压(32±6)mmHg,溶栓治疗后分别为(20±3)mmHg、(66±4)mmHg,前后比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:血管内介入治疗急性大面积或次大面积肺栓塞安全、有效。     

经皮介入碎栓及溶栓治疗大面积肺栓塞

目的　总结经皮介入碎栓联合局部灌注尿激酶加全身溶栓治疗大面积肺栓塞疗效及安全性。探讨其适应证。方法　经DSA确诊并行介入治疗肺栓塞患者 5例。采用普通造影导管及导丝行介入碎栓。 4例联合局部灌注加全身应用尿激酶 ,总量 2 0万～ 14 0万U ,低分子肝素应用 10～ 15d ,口服华法林 3～ 6个月。 1例因有咯血未用溶栓剂及抗凝。疗效评价包括临床症状、肺动脉压测定、Miller指数、血氧分压、D 二聚体等。结果　所有患者均获显著临床症状改善。技术成功率 10 0 %。肺动脉平均压从(2 9± 3)mmHg下降至 (16± 8)mmHg ,治疗后平均Miller指数为 0 .33。动脉血氧分压从 (34.6 0± 8.76 )mmHg升至 (6 4 .6 0± 2 .97)mmHg。所有病例未见肺栓塞复发。结论　经皮机械性碎栓及溶栓治疗肺栓塞是安全有效的 ,可显著改善临床症状     

急性大面积肺动脉栓塞的介入治疗及疗效评价

目的 评价经血管栓子祛除术治疗急性大面积肺动脉栓塞的疗效和安全性.方法 对12例经CT肺血管造影或血管造影证实为大面积肺动脉栓塞患者,经肺动脉行传统介入器材碎栓、吸栓及局部溶栓联合治疗,观察临床症状、体征,血气分析及血流动力学改变,肺动脉开通情况以及有无并发症.结果 介入治疗后血管开通良好、症状即刻缓解9例,2例术后数天内症状逐步好转.PaO2术前(54.92±6.17)mmHg,术后达(90.91±1.62)mmHg,SaO2术前(85.17±8.39)%,术后达(95.75±1.96)%,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01),休克指数明显下降(1.26±0.18/0.67±0.14,P<0.01),Miller评分明显降低(21.75±4.35/13.83±5.69,P=0.0001),mPAP显著下降[(35.59±7.68)mmHg/(30.04±7.93)mm Hg,P=0.001].1例因栓塞面积大,术后3 d死亡,术后并发脑出血1例,3 d后死亡.结论 经肺动脉行血管祛栓综合治疗急性大面积肺动脉栓塞是一种安全有效的方法 .     

介入螺旋电吸式祛栓术治疗急性大面积肺梗死

目的 评价用Straub螺旋电吸式祛栓术治疗急性大面积肺梗死的疗效和安全性.方法 5例患者经CT和肺动脉造影确诊为大面积肺血管栓塞.所有患者均有急性肺梗死的症状.采用Staub Rotarex对5例患者进行了经皮机械祛栓,1例使用了辅助局部溶栓.结果 所有患者在技术上和临床症状改善上均取得了成功.机械祛栓后患者的平均肺动脉压从(41.8±7.9)mmHg降低至(30.7±8.5)mmHg(P<0.01),动脉血氧分压(PaO2)从(56.6±9.3)mmHg增加至(85.8±5.0)mmHg(P<0.01).血氧饱和度(SaO2)从(79.0±4.3%)升至术后的(92.8±3.5)%(P<0.01).结论 初步经验显示Straub螺旋电吸式祛栓术在急性大面积肺梗死治疗中具有较好的安全性与疗效.     

急性肺血栓栓塞症的介入综合治疗

目的评价介入综合治疗急性肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)的疗效。方法7例PTE病人,经肺动脉造影进一步明确栓塞部位后,即采用介入综合治疗(经导管碎栓、抽吸取栓、局部溶栓及下腔静脉滤器置入),观察临床症状、肺动脉开通情况、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、肺动脉平均压(PAPm)。结果所有PTE患者临床症状显著改善,肺动脉完全开通率90%以上;PAPm术前平均31 mmHg降至术后25 mmHg;PaO2术前平均54 mmHg升至术后95 mmHg,SaO2术前平均80%升至术后94%,术后未有再发PTE者。结论介入综合治疗急性PTE能够快速改善血液动力学,降低右心室后负荷,预防PTE复发。     

介入机械性血栓清除术治疗急性肺栓塞

目的探讨应用介入机械性血栓清除术治疗急性肺栓塞的方法、疗效和安全性。方法对26例急性肺栓塞患者,行肺动脉造影明确栓子部位,应用机械血栓清除器械(Amplatz血栓消融器17例,Straub血栓旋切器9例)行介入血栓清除术,观察临床症状、肺动脉血栓清除情况、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、肺动脉平均压(MPAP)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)。25例明确伴下肢深静脉血栓形成者,介入血栓清除术后放置下腔静脉滤器。结果本组均成功行介入机械性血栓清除术,26例患者介入术后临床症状均明显改善,SaO2明显上升,MPAP明显下降,PaO2明显升高,21例肺动脉内血栓大部分清除,无严重手术相关并发症。术后随访1～36个月,患者无肺动脉栓塞复发。结论介入机械性血栓清除术治疗急性肺栓塞是创伤小、安全易行、疗效确切的治疗方法。     

高危肺动脉栓塞介入治疗的疗效评价

目的:探讨高危肺动脉栓塞进行肺动脉内介入治疗的疗效及安全性。方法:危险分层为高危肺动脉栓塞患者26例,经肺动脉内导管碎栓和局部灌注瑞替普酶溶栓的综合介入治疗,观察处理前后肺循环改善情况,分析心肺血流动力学的改变。结果:26例术前平均肺动脉压、动脉血氧分压和血压分别为(63.78±6.89)、(73.23±11.51)和(87.35±10.92)mmHg。术后分别为(26.23±10.27)、(93.48±6.17)和(127.14±13.15)mmHg,与治疗前比较均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。随访6~36个月,25例疗效持续,1例复发。结论:肺动脉内导管碎栓联合局部灌注瑞替普酶溶栓的介入治疗方法能迅速改善高危肺栓塞患者肺循环梗阻状况和临床症状,无明显并发症,对维持血流动力学稳定有很好作用。     

急性肺栓塞介入治疗的临床研究

目的　评价介入方法治疗肺栓塞的疗效。方法　 18例临床高度怀疑肺栓塞患者经急诊肺动脉造影确诊后 ,立即采取选择性肺动脉插管溶栓、吸栓、碎栓 ,解痉、球囊扩张治疗。疗效评价指标为肺动脉楔压、肺动脉开通率、远端肺血管网显示率、血气分析、血氧饱和度、临床症状、体征改善情况 ,其中 17例明确为下肢深静脉血栓脱落所致者 ,放置下腔静脉滤器后再行下肢深静脉溶栓治疗。结果　18例肺动脉造影全部为肺动脉主干或 2个以上分支栓塞 ,介入治疗后 3例肺动脉开通率 80 %～ 90 % ,11例为 90 %～ 95 % ,4例完全开通。远端肺血管网显示率全部在 90 %以上 ,13例肺动脉楔压下降至 2 5mmHg以下 ,5例下降至 2 5～ 30mmHg :血氧饱和度立即改善 ,10例恢复至 90 %～ 95 % ,8例为 95 %～10 0 % ,6例PaO2 为 90～ 95mmHg ,12例 >95mmHg。 13例咳嗽、咯血、呼吸困难、胸痛完全消失 ,5例明显减轻。并发消化道出血 1例。结论　肺动脉造影是肺栓塞诊断的金标准 ,介入治疗对急性大面积肺栓塞具有显著疗效 ,明显降低死亡率     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.