辛伐他汀对结直肠癌患者IL-6与IL-8血清表达及癌细胞分泌影响的研究

目的:研究辛伐他汀对结直肠癌患者IL-6及IL-8血清表达和癌细胞分泌的影响,初步探讨辛伐他汀在结直肠癌中的治疗机制。方法:应用ELISA检测结直肠癌患者与健康对照者血清中IL-6及IL-8水平,应用RT-PCR比较IL-6与IL-8在结直肠癌及癌旁组织的表达情况;应用ELISA检测结直肠癌患者辛伐他汀治疗后血清IL-6与IL-8的变化规律。应用ELISA检测辛伐他汀干预后结直肠癌细胞株(HT-29与Ca-co-2)上清中IL-6与IL-8变化。结果:结直肠癌患者血清IL-6与IL-8水平显著高于健康对照者(P<0.05)。IL-8 mRNA表达水平在癌组织明显高于癌旁组织(P<0.05);而IL-6 mRNA在癌组织与癌旁组织表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结肠癌患者应用辛伐他汀(80 mg/d)治疗14 d后,血清IL-6水平显著降低(P<0.05),而IL-8无明显变化(P>0.05)。应用浓度达到5μmol/L以上辛伐他汀干预结直肠癌细胞株HT-29与Caco-2后,其IL-6及IL-8分泌明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:辛伐他汀可以降低结直肠癌患者血清IL-6的水平,并可以抑制结直肠癌细胞IL-8与IL-6分泌。     

Robotic radical hysterectomy versus total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy for treatment of early cervical cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To compare intraoperative, pathologic and postoperative outcomes of robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH) to total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (TLRH) in patients with early stage cervical carcinoma. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed cases of TLRH or RRH with pelvic lymphadenectomy performed for treatment of early cervical cancer between 2000 and 2008. RESULTS: Thirty patients underwent TLRH and pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer from August 2000 to June 2006. Thirteen patients underwent RRH and pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer from April 2006 to January 2008. There were no differences between groups for age, tumor histology, stage, lymphovascular space involvement or nodal status. No statistical differences were observed regarding operative time (323 vs 318 min), estimated blood loss (157 vs 200 mL), or hospital stay (2.7 vs 3.8 days). Mean pelvic lymph node count was similar in the two groups (25 vs 31). None of the robotic or laparoscopic procedures required conversion to laparotomy. The differences in major operative and postoperative complications between the two groups were not significant. All patients in both groups are alive and free of disease at the time of last follow up. CONCLUSION: Based on our experience, robotic radical hysterectomy appears to be equivalent to total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with respect to operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, and oncological outcome. We feel the intuitive nature of the robotic approach, magnification, dexterity, and flexibility combined with significant reduction in surgeon's fatigue offered by the robotic system will allow more surgeons to use a minimally invasive approach to radical hysterectomy.     

祛风通络方对系膜增生性肾小球肾炎大鼠蛋白尿及血清IL-6与IL-8的影响

目的：探讨祛风通络方对系膜增生性肾小球肾炎大鼠蛋白尿及血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）的影响。方法：采用免疫法制备系膜增生性肾小球肾炎大鼠模型,应用磺柳酸法测定大鼠24h尿蛋白定量,双抗体夹心ELISA法检测大鼠血清IL-6、IL-8,光镜下观察各组大鼠肾小球系膜区（GMC）及细胞外基质（ECM）积聚变化。结果：模型组与正常对照组比较24h尿蛋白定量及血清IL-6、IL-8明显升高（P〈0.01）;祛风通络方组24h尿蛋白定量及血清IL-6、IL-8均明显低于模型组（P〈0.01）;肾组织形态学观察显示祛风通络方组个别区域肾小球系膜细胞轻度增生,系膜区轻度增宽,管腔无挤压现象,较模型组明显改善。结论：祛风通络方组降低系膜增生性肾小球肾炎大鼠尿蛋白,降低血清IL-6、IL-8水平,减轻系膜细胞增生和细胞外基质增加,延缓或减轻肾组织损伤,保护肾功能。     

Urodynamic and ultrasound characteristics of incontinence after radical hysterectomy

AIMS: To test whether symptoms of urinary incontinence after radical hysterectomy could be objectified with urodynamics and ultrasound. METHODS: This case-control study comprised 100 women who underwent radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer without post-operative radiotherapy. Fifty women reporting urinary incontinence were matched with 50 women reporting continence. All women were assessed with ultrasound of the bladder neck movements and urodynamics. RESULTS: No differences were found in ultrasound or urodynamic findings regarding mobility of the bladder neck, maximal detrusor pressure, post-voiding residual urine, flow of urine, or bladder capacity. A significant reduction in urethral pressure at rest and at contraction among the incontinent women was, however, demonstrated. Among urge-incontinent women, urethral pressure at rest was significantly lower than among continent and stress-incontinent women, respectively. Stress-incontinent women had significantly lower urethral pressure at contraction than did urge-incontinent and continent women. CONCLUSIONS: No differences in urodynamic or ultrasound findings were observed between the two groups, except for an overall difference in the intraurethral pressure. A decrease in the urethral pressure could contribute to the characterization of incontinence after radical hysterectomy, indicating that the urethral sphincter mechanism plays a role in the pathophysiology. In this study design, the mobility of the bladder neck did not play any role.     

Vaginal-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy: rationale, technique, results

Objective:

Total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (TLRH) makes it difficult to resect adequate vaginal cuff according to tumor size and to avoid tumor spread after opening the vagina. Laparoscopic-assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy (LARVH) is associated with higher risk for urologic complications.

Methods:

The vaginal-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (VALRH) technique comprises 3 steps: (1) comprehensive laparoscopic staging, (2) creation of a tumor-adapted vaginal cuff, and (3) laparoscopic transsection of parametria. We retrospectively analyzed data of 122 patients who underwent VALRH for early stage cervical cancer (n=110) or stage II endometrial cancer (n=12) between January 2007 and December 2009 at Charité University Berlin.

Results:

All patients underwent VALRH without conversion. Mean operating time was 300 minutes, and mean blood loss was 123cc. On average, 36 lymph nodes were harvested. Intra- and postoperative complication rates were 0% and 13.1%, respectively. Resection was in sound margins in all patients. After median follow-up of 19 months, disease-free survival and overall survival for all 110 cervical cancer patients was 94% and 98%, and for the subgroup of patients (n=90) with tumors ≤pT1b1 N0 V0 L0/1 R0, 97% and 98%, respectively.

Conclusion:

VALRH is a valid alternative to abdominal radical hysterectomy and LARVH in patients with early-stage cervical cancer and endometrial cancer stage II with minimal intraoperative complications and identical oncologic outcomes.     

慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液IL-6和IL-8表达变化及意义

目的　探讨慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液中IL 6和IL 8的变化与慢性前列腺炎类型、症状和前列腺液白细胞计数的相关关系。　方法　以两杯法尿液细菌培养、前列腺液常规检查和NIH CPSI评分 ,将 10 2例前列腺炎患者分型。放免分析法测定患者和 2 8例正常对照者前列腺液中IL 6和IL 8含量 ,比较结果并进行相关分析。　结果　 90例前列腺炎患者 (Ⅱ、ⅢA、Ⅳ型 )前列腺液IL 6和IL 8水平分别为 ( 0 .5 1± 0 .5 7)ng ml和 ( 10 .75± 7.96 )ng ml,高于正常对照组的 ( 0 .32± 0 .5 1)ng ml和( 4.5 6± 5 .6 8)ng ml(P <0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1)。Ⅱ型前列腺炎患者前列腺液IL 6和IL 8水平与ⅢA型和Ⅳ型者比较差别无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。前列腺炎患者前列腺液白细胞计数与IL 8水平呈正相关(r=0 .5 2 9,P <0 .0 1)。前列腺液IL 6和IL 8水平与NIH CPSI评分无相关性 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论　慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液IL 6和IL 8表达增高 ,并参与前列腺的炎症反应。前列腺液IL 6和IL 8水平可作为慢性前列腺炎的诊断依据之一。     

Mucosal loss with increased expression of IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2 in a formula-feeding only neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis

Introduction

The aim of our study is to establish a reliable neonatal rat model by formula feeding only for evaluation of early surgical intervention on the course of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Material and methods

Newborn Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 50 breast-fed (group 1) and 38 formula fed (Similac/Esbilac, group 2) animals. The pups were sacrificed on the 4th, 5th, and 6th day of life and the terminal intestine examined for macroscopic and histologic changes as well as cytokine expression.

Results

The histological mucosal damage was significantly higher of group 2 compared to group 1. The area of the vital mucosa of group 2 was significantly (58.57%, p < 0.001) lower compared to group 1 (75.12%). The mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 was significantly 2-, 5- and 10-fold increased in group 2 compared to group 1.

Discussion

Formula fed newborn rats displayed an inflammatory enterocolitis similar to human NEC. Our study demonstrates a significant loss of mucosa in animals with NEC having increased expression levels of IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2. Mucosal loss appears to be a distinct feature of experimental NEC and has to be correlated with the human disease.     

清炎颗粒对肾盂肾炎小鼠外周血IL-8与IL-10的影响

目的：探讨清炎颗粒治疗肾盂肾炎的免疫学机制。方法：采用孙氏方法改进造模,治疗组分别按剂量3.12、6.24、12.48g·kg^-1·d^-1予清炎颗粒,模型组予生理盐水,对照组予至灵胶囊灌胃,喂养至3d、7d、15d、30d、60d取血清,用ELISA法检测其IL-8、IL-10的水平。结果：清炎颗粒能显著降低不同时段血清IL-8的水平、提高不同时段血清IL-10的水平。结论：免疫调控可能是清炎颗粒治疗肾盂肾炎的作用机制之一。     

红蓝光联合治疗对寻常痤疮患者血清IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平的影响

目的：探讨红蓝光照射对寻常痤疮患者外周血IL-1、IL-6、IL-8表达的影响及其作用机制。方法：95例寻常痤疮患者随机分为实验组53例和对照组42例,实验组采用红蓝光联合异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗,对照组采用异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗,另选择24例健康体检者作为健康组,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定寻常痤疮患者治疗前、后和健康体检者外周血中IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平。结果：寻常痤疮患者血清IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平高于健康组（P〈0．01）,治疗后实验组IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：红蓝光治疗寻常痤疮患者抑制了IL-1、IL-6、IL-8的表达,从而达到治疗作用。     

Prospective evaluation of the systemic immune response following abdominal, vaginal, and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy

Background: Alterations in serum levels of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and acute-phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) correlate directly with extent of tissue damage and inflammatory reaction. We therefore prospectively compared the postoperative levels of IL-6 and CRP following abdominal (AH), vaginal (VH), and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH). Methods: A total of 29 patients were included in the study (10 VH, 10 LAVH, 9 AH). Nine blood samples were taken from each patient at various time points before, during, and after surgery. CRP and IL-6 were measured under standardized conditions using ELISA and turbidometry. Results: Preoperative levels of IL-6 and CRP were low in all three patient groups. There was a significant increase in the IL-6 level in patients undergoing AH at the time of peritoneal closure that reached a maximum 2 h postoperatively and remained significantly elevated for 12 h postoperatively when compared to the IL-6 levels of patients undergoing VH or LAVH (p < 0.05). The levels of the IL-6 time courses differed significantly among the three operative procedures (p = 0.013). In contrast, the levels of the CRP time courses did not differ significantly (p = 0.066); however, CRP expression was elevated 36 h postoperatively in patients undergoing AH, as compared with those undergoing VH. Conclusion: Elevated IL-6 levels subsequent to AH may reflect significantly greater tissue damage in these patients than in patients who undergo VH or LAVH. LAVH should therefore be considered in cases that cannot be managed by the vaginal route alone. apd: 13 March 2001     

The natural history of hydronephrosis after radical hysterectomy with no intraoperatively recognisable injury to the ureter: a prospective study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate, in a prospective study, the natural history of hydronephrosis of the urinary tract after radical hysterectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From December 1997 to March 2001, 34 patients with localized cervical cancer underwent radical hysterectomy by one gynaecologist, with no intraoperatively identifiable injury to the ureter. Intravenous urography was used routinely before and at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. The degree of hydronephrosis was graded I-IV. RESULTS: Urography before surgery showed no abnormal finding in any of the patients, except in one with a unilateral duplex kidney. Hydronephrosis was found in 10 units in the upper tract (grade II in eight, III in one and IV in one) in seven patients (21%) 2 weeks after surgery (one right, three left and three bilateral). All the ureteric narrowing was in the distal ureter. The hydronephrosis disappeared in four units in three patients, but became worse in two units in two patients with bilateral pathology in the fourth week. At 3 months after surgery no hydronephrosis had deteriorated and the hydronephrosis in all units had disappeared by 6 months. The presence of hydronephrosis was significantly correlated with pathological stage and age (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hydronephrosis was detected after radical hysterectomy even with no intraoperatively recognisable injury to the ureter, but in most the hydronephrosis improved spontaneously and needed no ureteric stenting or surgical intervention.     

Robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for uterine rhabdomyosarcoma

Mullerian rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignancy most commonly diagnosed in childhood and adolescence. RMS of the female genital tract is often difficult to diagnose. Treatment includes chemotherapy with adjuvant surgery and/or radiation therapy reserved for persistent disease. We report a case of an 18-year-old African-American female who presented with severe menometrorrhagia, and was diagnosed with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterus. After vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide failed to eradicate the central tumor, she underwent a robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Mullerian rhabdomyosarcoma was once managed with multimodality therapy that often included ultraradical surgery including total pelvic exenteration. Surgical procedures that were exclusively performed via large abdominal incisions can now be completed with minimally invasive techniques. Robotic surgery can be safely and successfully applied to radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy for uterine rhabdomyosarcoma Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Comparison of IL-8, IL-6 and PGE2 Formation by Visceral (Omental) Adipose Tissue of Obese Caucasian Compared to African-American Women

Background: One of the key consequences of obesity is an enhanced release of cytokines such as IL-8 and IL-6 by adipose tissue. There may be differences in adiposity, inflammatory markers, and medical co-morbidity between morbidly obese African-American (AA) and Caucasian (CA) women. We hypothesized that there are ethnic differences in inflammatory markers and medical co-morbidities. Methods: We compared the mRNA content in omental fat and the release of IL-8, IL-6 and PGE₂ after a 4-hour incubation of explants of adipose tissue in women undergoing bariatric surgery. In addition, medical co-morbidities and fat measurements were examined and compared. Results: Medication usage differed, with CA women being three times more likely to report taking medication for depression compared to AA women (P≤0.001). IL-8 and PGE₂ release over 4 hours by omental fat in vitro was the same in CA and AA women. Similar results were seen with respect to the COX-2 mRNA and IL-8 mRNA values at the start and at the end of the incubation. In CA and AA women, the IL-6 mRNA content in fat immediately after removal from the patients was the same. Conclusions: In morbidly obese women seeking bariatric surgery, there are little ethnic differences between cytokine release by omental adipose tissue explants in vitro, or the mRNA content in omental adipose tissue of IL-6, IL-8 or COX-2. The only noted difference between AA and CA morbidly obese women was the greater use of antidepressants by CA women.     

白介素6在动物多器官衰竭中的变化及其意义

在家兔多器官衰竭ＭＯＦ模型上动态观察了白介素６（ＩＬ－６）水平变化，并对ＩＬ－６在ＭＯＦ的发生和发展过程中的意义进行了探讨。结果显示，实验组动物于休克及注射内毒素后ＩＬ－６水平明显升高；ＭＯＦ动物ＩＬ－６水平明显高于ＮＭＯＦ动物；衰竭器官≥３的动物ＩＬ－６水平明显高于２个器官衰竭的动物；３６ｈ以内死亡的动物显著高于３６ｈ以后死亡的动物；ＩＬ－６水平与各主要器官功能变化，ＭＯＦ发生率，器官衰竭数目。     

Stress-overflow urinary incontinence after radical hysterectomy and radiation therapy for cervical cancer

A 40-year-old woman was evaluated for urinary incontinence, loss of bladder sensation and residual urine 12 months after radical abdominal hysterectomy and external pelvic radiation therapy for stage IIb cervical cancer. The patient had no history of abnormal lower urinary tract function before treatment. The urodynamic follow-up study at 12 months showed 80 ml of residual urine, low bladder compliance (detrusor pressure of 77 cmH₂O at 200 ml filling) and an incompetent urethral closure mechanism. Cystoscopy showed a pale bladder mucosa with telangiectasia. Two years later the urodynamic findings were almost unchanged, and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency measured according to Snooks and Swash showed prolonged motor latency to the external urethral sphincter. Thus, this patient had combined stress overflow incontinence with pudendal neuropathy and fibrosis of the bladder wall.     

Stress urinary incontinence following radical hysterectomy with and without radiation therapy: Surgical results in 13 patients

Only a few articles have reported clinical experience of treating patients with stress urinary incontinence following radical hysterectomy and postoperative irradiation. These cases are generally characterized by detrusor areflexia, small bladder capacity, and low bladder compliance. During the past 5 years, 13 such patients were operated upon, including 6 patients without irradiation. Of these 8 had the Stamey procedure, 3 had a vaginal wall sling, and 2 had a pubovaginal sling. The success rate was 71% for the group with irradiation and 100% for the group without irradiation, while the overall success rate was 85%. Surgery significantly improved two anatomic parameters in a chain cystourethrogram: the posterior urethrovesical angle and the conjugata incontinentia. Surgical indications relevant to successful outcome are discussed.Supported partly be a research grant for aging from the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare.Editorial Comment: Little is known regarding the therapy of genuine stress incontinence following radical hysterectomy, especially when associated with radiation therapy. The surgeon is faced with potentially severely altered urethrovesical function due to the decentralization of the lower urinary tract secondary to the radical surgery. Non-compliant low capacity bladders make therapy of stress incontinence difficult. When radiation therapy is added marked alterations in tissue plasticity and blood supply result. The combination of all these factors complicate the medical and surgical therapy of incontience, and frequently the surgeon decides not to operate because of the increased possibility of failure. Although the numbers are small this paper demonstrates that good success rates for surgical therapy of genuine stress incontinence is possible when the proper surgical procedure is chosen.     

Complications of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy for invasive cervical cancer: experience based on 317 procedures

Background This report presents the incidence of complications and conversions during laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy performed for invasive cervical carcinoma. The data are analyzed, and strategies to help prevent future complications are discussed. Methods From July 2000 to December 2005 at the authors’ institution, 317 laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy procedures for invasive cervical carcinoma were performed. The authors reviewed the database of patients who underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy to examine complications and analyze factors associated with conversion to an open surgical procedure. Results All but four surgical procedures were laparoscopically completed. Pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed for all the remaining 313 patients, 143 of whom underwent paraaortic lymphadenectomy. Major and minor intraoperative complications occurred for 4.4% (n = 14) of the patients. The overall conversion rate was 1.3% (n = 4), including 3 emergencies and 1 elective conversion. Seven patients had vessel injuries, five of which were repaired or treated laparoscopically. One left external iliac vein required laparotomy, and one patient underwent laparotomy to control bleeding sites. Operative cystotomies occurred in five patients, which were repaired laparoscopically. Two patients underwent laparotomy because of hypercapnia and ascending colon injury. Postoperative surgery complications occurred in 5.1% (n = 16) of the patients, including 5 patients with ureterovaginal fistula, 4 with vesicovaginal fistula requiring reoperation, 1 with ureterostenosis treated by placement of a double-J ureteral stent, and 6 with bladder dysfunctions (retention) that exhibited complete resolution within 3 to 6 months by intermittent training and catheterization. Conclusions Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy is becoming a routine procedure in the armamentarium of many gynecologists. Complications unique to laparoscopy do exist, but they decrease with repeated training of the procedure and gradually enriched experiences.