Mise au point d’un questionnaire d’analyse des pensées et sentiments autour de l’alimentation

Purpose

It was to construct a questionnaire in French on the thoughts and the feelings in the respect of the food in the general population. We also wished to detect some eating disorders.

Methods

Eight experts selected nine major subjects concerning the thoughts and the feelings around the food and elaborated a questionnaire including 8 to 10 questions by subject. Having twice been revised by the experts, the questionnaire was criticized by a sample group of 20 persons of different circles, then by 42 medical students in Nutrition. The questionnaire was then handed in 88 medical students (4^th year). These various stages allowed to suppress, to modify and to add different questions. The questionnaire was then sent to 114 medical students and 112 subjects from the general population.

Results

The percentage of returned and totally informed questionnaires (from a sending of 202 questionnaires) was very satisfying (>85%). The concordance of the answers to the redundant questions was very high (>90%). In this population (74% of women), we noted that fear towards the food and eating disorder were frequent: binge eating: 11%, bulimia nervosa: 4,2%, anorexia nervosa: 5%, “the glance of the other one when I eat frightens me”: yes, absolutely: 15%.

Conclusion

This questionnaire concerning thoughts and feelings around the food was validated by the interest which was carried to it, its reproducibility, its understanding by the interrogated persons and the behavioral aspects which it brings. It will be send to 3 000 unselected people of Dijon to judge its interest in the general population. It will be accompanied with a validated inventory to detect eating disorders in order to test its sensitivity and its reproducibility.     

Consommation d’huiles et matières grasses en France : relations avec le niveau d’étude et la région de résidence dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX

The relationships between intake of added oils and fats with region of residence and educational level were also assessed. Our objective was to describe the relative contribution of ten created food groups to total fat intake in middle-aged subjects.Subjects were participants of the SU.VI.MAX study who completed at least six 24-h dietary records after inclusion into the study (n=6572).Added oils and fats were the main source of total fat intake. Animal fat (AF) and margarine intakes showed a significant inverse association with educational level, whereas oils with mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were positively associated with education level. AF intake was significantly higher in the Western and Northern parts of France (54.2 and 50.4%) and lower in the Mediterranean Coast (39.0%). A significant inverse gradient was found with oils with poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or MUFA in the Southwest and the Mediterranean Coast compared to the Northern part of France.We showed a north to south gradient for animal fat intake and the opposite for oils with MUFA and PUFA in France This gradient parallels the known disparities for cardiovascular mortality in this country. This should contribute to adapt dietary guidelines for dietary change in a public-health perspective.     

Intérêts et limites du Programme National Nutrition Santé (PNNS) en faveur de l’éducation nutritionnelle: Enquête d’opinion auprès de patients diabétiques de type 2 et de type 1

A survey among 104 type 2 and 81 type 1 diabetic patients has explored their opinions on two major national educationnal programs on nutrition launched by the french health authorities: the “Program National Nutrition Santé” (PNNS1) (2001-2005) and the PNNS2 (2006-2010). The majority of the patients has acquired knowledge on the PNNS through the media and at the care setting level. The messages they have the best recorded concern the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables and the obesity. On the other hand, they know nothing on the printed educationnal guides distributed by the PNNS, nor on the local PNNS initiatives. If the half of the type 2 diabetic patients considers that the PNNS helps them to carry out food choices, a little number of patients estimates that PNNS plays an important role in preventing nutritionnal problems among the young people. Few patients considers also that the food industries may have a possible “perverse” influence on the food consumption and eating behaviors. The half of the type 2 diabetics is in favor of alternatives ways to the hospital-based therapeutic patient education programs, for example programs organized by the Health Social Insurance or by Mutual insurance companies, while respecting criteria of quality. Lastly, the majority of the patients estimates that, due to their own experience, they have a role to play in the nutritional education.