89↑SrCl2联合帕米膦酸二钠治疗前列腺癌骨转移46例

[目的]评价放射性核素89SrCl2联合帕米膦酸二钠治疗前列腺癌骨转移的疗效。[方法]46例前列腺癌骨转移并伴有不同程度骨痛患者,给予89SrCl2静脉注射联合帕米膦酸二钠静点治疗,观察其止痛效果、骨转移灶的变化、前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）及毒副反应等。[结果]骨痛症状的止痛总有效率分别为91.3%（42/46）,骨转移病灶消失与减少率为69.6%（32/46）,同时患者PSA有不同程度的下降,均未发现严重毒副反应。[结论]89SrCl2联合帕米膦酸二钠对前列腺癌骨转移止痛效果明显,同时对其转移灶有治疗作用,值得应用与推广。     

帕米膦酸二钠(博宁)联合153Sm-EDTMP治疗骨转移癌疗效分析

目的观察帕米膦酸二钠联合153Sm-EDTMP治疗骨转移癌的疗效、毒副作用并探讨其临床意义.方法随机入组71例骨转移癌患者,分别给予帕米膦酸二钠、153Sm-EDTMP以及帕米膦酸二钠联合153Sm-EDTMP治疗,对照并观察止痛效果及毒性.结果帕米膦酸二钠、153Sm-EDTMP以及帕米膦酸二钠联合153Sm-EDTMP组的止痛有效率分别为67%、67%和88.5%,P＞0.05,提示全组差异无显著性,但以χ2分割法检验则联合组与其它单用组之间的差异有显著性(P＜0.05),而毒副反应无显著性差异.结论帕米膦酸二钠联合153Sm-EDTMP治疗骨转移癌所致疼痛有更好的疗效.     

唑来膦酸与帕米膦酸二钠治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移性疼痛比较分析

目的比较唑来膦酸与帕米膦酸二钠治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移性疼痛的近期疗效及毒副反应。方法将46例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者随机分为2组,唑来膦酸组(24例):唑来膦酸注射液4 mg,加入100 mL生理盐水内,静脉滴注不少于15 min;帕米膦酸二钠组(22例):帕米膦酸二钠注射液60 mg,加入500 mL生理盐水内,静脉滴注4 h。2组均每4周给药1次,共3次。结果唑来膦酸组、帕米膦酸二钠组治疗有效率分别为75.0%、72.7%,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。毒副反应多为轻中度,主要表现为发热、恶心、呕吐、肌痛等,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论唑来膦酸与帕米膦酸二钠治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移性疼痛的疗效及毒副反应相近,但唑来膦酸使用更为方便。     

帕米膦酸二钠(博宁)联合153Sm-EDTMP治疗骨转移癌疗效分析

目的　观察帕米膦酸二钠联合153Sm -EDTMP治疗骨转移癌的疗效、毒副作用并探讨其临床意义。方法　随机入组 71例骨转移癌患者 ,分别给予帕米膦酸二钠、153Sm -EDTMP以及帕米膦酸二钠联合153Sm -EDTMP治疗 ,对照并观察止痛效果及毒性。结果　帕米膦酸二钠、153Sm -EDTMP以及帕米膦酸二钠联合153Sm -EDTMP组的止痛有效率分别为 67%、67%和 88 5 % ,P >0 .0 5 ,提示全组差异无显著性 ,但以 χ2 分割法检验则联合组与其它单用组之间的差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而毒副反应无显著性差异。结论　帕米膦酸二钠联合153Sm -EDTMP治疗骨转移癌所致疼痛有更好的疗效     

帕米膦酸二钠合并放疗治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移

目的观察帕米膦酸二钠合并放疗对恶性肿瘤骨转移的疗效,并对其联合机制进行了探讨.方法对54例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者在放疗中应用帕米膦酸二钠治疗,并设对照组(单用放疗).结果在54例患者中,止痛有效率98%,疼痛缓解时间缩短,对骨转移控制效果高于对照组.毒副反应轻微.结论帕米膦酸二钠合并放疗治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移有良好的效果.     

二氯化锶联合唑来膦酸治疗多发性骨转移癌的疗效观察

为了比较二氯化锶(89SrCl2)和89SrCl2联合唑来膦酸治疗多发性骨转移癌的疗效,将80例多发性骨转移癌患者,随机分为A组(单独使用放射性核素89SrCl2治疗)和B组(89SrCl2联合唑来膦酸治疗)各40例,观察治疗后骨痛缓解和生活质量的情况,比较转移病灶骨代谢的变化和血液毒性反应.结果显示,A组治疗后总有效率72.5%(29/40),B组总有效率77.5%(31/40),χ2＝4.24,P＜0.05.A组生活质量改善率65.0%(26/40),B组改善率82.5%(33/40),χ2＝7.49,P<0.01.两组转移病灶骨代谢治疗后有效率分别为45.0%和67.5%,P<0.05;血液毒性反应分别为22.5%和27.5%,P>0.05.初步研究结果提示,89SrCl2联合唑来膦酸治疗多发骨转移癌,可以增加止痛效果、提高患者生存质量,而不增加毒副反应,是一种较好的联合治疗方法.     

^153Sm—EDTMP联合帕米膦酸二钠及强的松治疗多发性骨转移瘤的临床观察

目的用153Sm-EDTMP联合帕米膦酸二钠及强的松治疗多发性骨转移瘤,以观察该方法的疗效、毒副作用,从而证实综合治疗多发性骨转移瘤的效果.方法随机入组80例多发性骨转移瘤患者,分别给予153Sm-EDTMP联合帕米膦酸二钠和强的松及单用153Sm-EDTMP治疗,对照并观察疗效及毒性.结果 153Sm-EDTMP联合帕米膦酸二钠和强的松组及单用153Sm-EDTMP组的止痛有效率分别为90.0%和70.0%(P＜0.05),骨病变影像好转率分别为40.0%和17.5%(P＜0.05),而毒副反应差异无显著性.结论 153Sm-EDTMP联合帕米膦酸二钠和强的松治疗多发性骨转移瘤,在缓解疼痛、改善生活质量方面有明显疗效.     

唑来膦酸与帕米膦酸二钠治疗肺癌骨转移疼痛的对比研究

为了评价唑来膦酸注射液治疗肺癌骨转移所致骨痛的疗效及安全性,将临床确诊的肺癌骨转移患者50例随机分为唑来膦酸组25例和帕米膦酸二钠组25例.结果:唑来膦酸组和帕米膦酸二钠组治疗骨痛总有效率为76%(19/25)和72%(18/25),差异无统计学意义,P=0.798.止痛起效时间:唑来膦酸组1～11d(中位时间5d),帕米膦酸二钠组2～13d(中位时间5d),差异无统计学意义,P=0.702.止痛疗效维持时间:唑来膦酸组2～32d(中位时间24d),帕米膦酸二钠组1～29d(中位时间23d),差异无统计学意义,P=0.509.初步研究结果提示,唑来膦酸注射液治疗肺癌骨转移疼痛疗效确切,与帕米膦酸二钠相比疗效和不良反应相似.     

188 Re-羟乙基二膦酸与帕米膦酸二钠联合治疗乳腺癌骨转移的临床价值

目的探讨188Re-羟乙基二膦酸(188Re-HEDP)联合帕米膦酸二钠治疗乳腺癌骨转移的临床价值.方法48例乳腺癌多发骨转移患者随机分为3组,分别接受188Re-HEDP、帕米膦酸二钠的单独治疗及两者的联合治疗.结果188Re-HEDP组、帕米膦酸二钠组、联合治疗组止痛有效率分别为73.3%、80.0%和100.0%;骨转移病灶控制有效率分别为40.0%、33.3%和66.7%.联合治疗组疗效明显高于188Re-HEDP组和帕米膦酸二钠组(P均＜0.05),而188Re-HEDP组与帕米膦酸二钠组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论188Re-HEDP联合帕米膦酸二钠治疗乳腺癌骨转移,在止痛、骨转移病灶控制方面疗效明显,优于各药单药治疗.     

国产帕米膦酸二钠治疗骨转移癌疼痛的临床观察

目的:探讨国产帕米膦酸二钠治疗骨转移癌疼痛的效果。方法:自1996年3月～11月,应用国产帕米膦酸二钠治疗了23例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者。结果:全组23例患者共用药治疗29疗程,止痛有效率高达72.4％,活动能力改善率68.9％;毒副反应少见。结论:国产帕米膦酸二钠疗效显著,安全可靠,值得临床推广使用。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Second-line chemotherapy with cisplatin-ifosfamide in patients with ovarian cancer previously treated with carboplatin-cyclophosphamide.

In an effort to use antineoplastic drug combinations which are active in platinum resistant ovarian cancer or which can induce a second response after a platinum first-line treatment, we conducted a study on 30 ovarian cancer patients previously treated with carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide who were given ifosfamide 5 g/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 plus mesma combined with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 every 4 weeks as second-line treatment. Eight patients had never entered remission with first-line chemotherapy while 22 patients had tumor recurrence within 6 to 18 months after the end of chemotherapy and their tumors were considered potentially platinum sensitive. Responding patients received 6 courses while palliative treatment for nonresponders was provided. Of the 22 patients with tumor recurrence, 8 patients responded with one partial response (PR) and 7 complete clinical responses (CCR). Two out of the 8 patients with platinum resistant disease demonstrated short lasting PR. Seven patients with CCR underwent second-look operation and in two a pathological CR was documented. Median time to progression was 6 mo (4-12). The median overall survival was 12 mo (4-20). Myelotoxicity despite G-CSF administration was significant with grade 4 leukopenia in 40% and grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 20% of patients. Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity was significant with 30% somnolence, 20% disorientation and an episode of grand-mal epilepsy ascribed to ifosfamide. With a 33% response rate the combination is as effective as new agents employed in relapsed ovarian cancer. Platinum-refractory disease may respond to a lesser degree. The most important determinant of response was the progression-free interval from first-line chemotherapy. Whether patients recurring after carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide have a greater chance to respond to cisplatin plus ifosfamide or vice-versa cannot be supported by the current data and therefore randomized studies should be performed to this end.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.