周期蛋白6在DNA复制、细胞周期检测点和肿瘤发生发展中的作用

周期蛋白6(CDC6)是组成前复制复合物(Pre-RC)的主要蛋白之一,控制细胞从G1期进入S期,同时也参与激活和维持有丝分裂S-M期检测点机制.最近的研究发现其也具有原癌基因的特性,并在人多种肿瘤细胞中存在高表达,对肿瘤发生发展起重要作用.CDC6致癌机制可能与INK4/ARF连结物信号途径和(或)某些替代机制有关.     

周期蛋白6在DNA复制、细胞周期检测点和肿瘤发生发展中的作用

周期蛋白6(CDC6)是组成前复制复合物(Pre-RC)的主要蛋白之一,控制细胞从G1期进入S期,同时也参与激活和维持有丝分裂S-M期检测点机制.最近的研究发现其也具有原癌基因的特性,并在人多种肿瘤细胞中存在高表达,对肿瘤发生发展起重要作用.CDC6致癌机制可能与INK4/ARF连结物信号途径和(或)某些替代机制有关.     

周期蛋白6在DNA复制、细胞周期检测点和肿瘤发生发展中的作用

周期蛋白6(CDC6)是组成前复制复合物(Pre-RC)的主要蛋白之一,控制细胞从G1期进入S期,同时也参与激活和维持有丝分裂S-M期检测点机制.最近的研究发现其也具有原癌基因的特性,并在人多种肿瘤细胞中存在高表达,对肿瘤发生发展起重要作用.CDC6致癌机制可能与INK4/ARF连结物信号途径和(或)某些替代机制有关.     

周期蛋白6在DNA复制、细胞周期检测点和肿瘤发生发展中的作用

周期蛋白6(CDC6)是组成前复制复合物(Pre-RC)的主要蛋白之一,控制细胞从G1期进入S期,同时也参与激活和维持有丝分裂S-M期检测点机制.最近的研究发现其也具有原癌基因的特性,并在人多种肿瘤细胞中存在高表达,对肿瘤发生发展起重要作用.CDC6致癌机制可能与INK4/ARF连结物信号途径和(或)某些替代机制有关.     

周期蛋白6在DNA复制、细胞周期检测点和肿瘤发生发展中的作用

周期蛋白6(CDC6)是组成前复制复合物(Pre-RC)的主要蛋白之一,控制细胞从G1期进入S期,同时也参与激活和维持有丝分裂S-M期检测点机制.最近的研究发现其也具有原癌基因的特性,并在人多种肿瘤细胞中存在高表达,对肿瘤发生发展起重要作用.CDC6致癌机制可能与INK4/ARF连结物信号途径和(或)某些替代机制有关.     

周期蛋白6在DNA复制、细胞周期检测点和肿瘤发生发展中的作用

周期蛋白6(CDC6)是组成前复制复合物(Pre-RC)的主要蛋白之一,控制细胞从G1期进入S期,同时也参与激活和维持有丝分裂S-M期检测点机制.最近的研究发现其也具有原癌基因的特性,并在人多种肿瘤细胞中存在高表达,对肿瘤发生发展起重要作用.CDC6致癌机制可能与INK4/ARF连结物信号途径和(或)某些替代机制有关.     

周期蛋白6在DNA复制、细胞周期检测点和肿瘤发生发展中的作用

周期蛋白6(CDC6)是组成前复制复合物(Pre-RC)的主要蛋白之一,控制细胞从G1期进入S期,同时也参与激活和维持有丝分裂S-M期检测点机制.最近的研究发现其也具有原癌基因的特性,并在人多种肿瘤细胞中存在高表达,对肿瘤发生发展起重要作用.CDC6致癌机制可能与INK4/ARF连结物信号途径和(或)某些替代机制有关.     

周期蛋白6在DNA复制、细胞周期检测点和肿瘤发生发展中的作用

周期蛋白6(CDC6)是组成前复制复合物(Pre-RC)的主要蛋白之一,控制细胞从G1期进入S期,同时也参与激活和维持有丝分裂S-M期检测点机制.最近的研究发现其也具有原癌基因的特性,并在人多种肿瘤细胞中存在高表达,对肿瘤发生发展起重要作用.CDC6致癌机制可能与INK4/ARF连结物信号途径和(或)某些替代机制有关.     

内复制及其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用

大多数的二倍体细胞通常通过G1期(DNA合成前期)、S期(DNA合成期)、G2期(DNA合成后期)和M期(分裂期)经典细胞周期完成细胞增殖。然而,在动、植物中也广泛存在着一种与有丝分裂不同的细胞周期过程,即内复制。在内复制过程中,G期和S期交替出现,细胞并不发生分裂,导致产生多倍体细胞。内复制在人体的正常发育、器官形成、创伤愈合过程中必不可少。近年来,越来越多的研究关注内复制与肿瘤发生、演进的关系。本文就内复制的生理作用做一概述,并讨论内复制在肿瘤发生、发展中的可能作用及相关分子机制。      

细胞周期检测点与肿瘤发生

细胞周期检测点在细胞周期调控中起重要作用,可以检测细胞外界或内部的各种异常,从而抑制细胞周期的进程,同时修复损伤或使不能修复的细胞进入凋亡.检测点作为保护机制可确保遗传的稳定性.一旦检测点发生缺陷,带有损伤的细胞可能会异常扩增,使肿瘤发生的风险大大增加.     

CDC6: from DNA replication to cell cycle checkpoints and oncogenesis

Cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) is an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Its best-characterized function is the assembly of prereplicative complexes at origins of replication during the G(1) phase of the cell division cycle. However, CDC6 also plays important roles in the activation and maintenance of the checkpoint mechanisms that coordinate S phase and mitosis, and recent studies have unveiled its proto-oncogenic activity. CDC6 overexpression interferes with the expression of INK4/ARF tumor suppressor genes through a mechanism involving the epigenetic modification of chromatin at the INK4/ARF locus. In addition, CDC6 overexpression in primary cells may promote DNA hyperreplication and induce a senescence response similar to that caused by oncogene activation. These findings indicate that deregulation of CDC6 expression in human cells poses a serious risk of carcinogenesis.     

DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints and DNA strand break repair in development and tumorigenesis

Several newly identified tumor suppressor genes including ATM, NBS1, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR) and DNA damage-induced checkpoint activation. Many of the gene products involved in checkpoint control and DSBR have been studied in great detail in yeast. In addition to evolutionarily conserved proteins such as Chk1 and Chk2, studies in mammalian cells have identified novel proteins such as p53 in executing checkpoint control. DSBR proteins including Mre11, Rad50, Rad51, Rad54, and Ku are present in yeast and in mammals. Many of the tumor suppressor gene products interact with these repair proteins as well as checkpoint regulators, thus providing a biochemical explanation for the pleiotropic phenotypes of mutant cells. This review focuses on the proteins mediating G1/S, S, and G2/M checkpoint control in mammalian cells. In addition, mammalian DSBR proteins and their activities are discussed. An intricate network among DNA damage signal transducers, cell cycle regulators and the DSBR pathways is illustrated. Mouse knockout models for genes involved in these processes have provided valuable insights into their function, establishing genomic instability as a major contributing factor in tumorigenesis.