多种肿瘤标记物用于甲状腺癌的诊断

多种肿瘤标记物用甲状腺癌测定的资料尚不多见，我们选择三种分布较广的肿瘤标记物ＣＥＡ、Ｆｅ－Ｐ、ＬＤＨ．Ｒ对１１０甲状腺癌患者进行联合连续测定，测定ＣＥＡ、Ｆｅ－Ｐ用ＥＬＩＳＡ法，ＬＤＨ．Ｒ用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法，结果其阳性率ＣＥＡ５５．４％，Ｆｅ－Ｐ５０９％，ＬＤＨ．Ｒ４６．３％，综合阳性率８０８９％，ＬＤＨ中３４％患者血清电泳图谱中出现一条异常区带（ＬＤＨ－Ｘ），经有效治疗，ＣＥＡ、Ｆｅ－Ｐ下降，ＬＤＨ．Ｒ回升。本实验经ＣＥＡ、Ｆｅ－Ｐ、ＬＤＨ．Ｒ联合测定，提高其检测率，能提示预后，可作为β２微球蛋白甲状腺癌血清学协同的诊断，提高其诊断率     

泰安市中老年人高脂血症现况调查及危险因素病例对照研究

对９０３名中老年人群进行高脂血症的现况调查和危险因素的病例对照研究。结果表明：男女血脂异常率分别为３７．６８％和３４．６９％，女性ＨＤＬ－Ｃ异常率显著低于男性。调查同发现存在危险因素“类聚现象”的人群；证实女性绝经后血脂异常率迅速升高。经单因素统计分析和多因素条件ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析，提示肥胖、三餐比例搭配不合理、缺乏锻炼、过量饮酒、睡眠差和高血压等均为高脂血症患病的重要危险因素。     

激光作业人员血脂调查

本文调查１３０名激光科研工作者的血脂。调查结果，激光作业人员各项血脂均值与标准差为：ＨＤＬ－Ｃ，男１．２３８±０．２４３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，女１．２８８±０．２０７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ；ＨＤＬ－ｃ／ＴＣ，男０．３３±０．０８，女０．３４９±０．０８６；ＴＧ，男１．２２２±０．３７１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，女１．２８４±０．６０２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ·ＨＤＬ－ｃ均值与ＨＤＬ－ｃ／ＴＣ比值明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＴＧ均值明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。各指标异常率比较，激光组男性ＨＤＬ－ｃ、ＨＴＬ－／ＴＣ、ＴＣ与ＴＧ的异常率分别高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），女性ＴＧ增高的异常率亦明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示激光工作者患冠心病的危险性增高。     

脑梗塞危险因素的交互作用分析

本研究通过１：１本比病例对照研究。对脑梗塞危险因素之间的交互作用进行了分析。结果表明：脑梗塞的主要危险因素为ＴＧ、Ｌｐ（ａ）和ＢＭＩ，而ＨＤＬ－Ｃ是唯一的保护因素，Ｌｐ（ａ）与ＢＭＩ进行分级后，仍可看出对脑梗塞的剂量效应关系，考虑到各因素间较镪的相关关系，进一步对入选因素进行了对数线性模型拟合，结果显示：是否患脑梗塞与ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、Ｌｐ（ａ）之间的交互作用显著，ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ和Ｌ     

紫苏油和松籽油对大鼠机体脂类和脂质过氧化的影响

在高脂饲料中分别加入６％的紫苏油和松籽油，在实验动物总能量与主要营养素摄入基本相同、脂肪占总能量３２．６％的条件下饲喂Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性成年大鼠３周。结果表明，紫苏油和松籽油对高脂血症大鼠均有一定的调整血脂作用。紫苏油和松籽油组大鼠血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）的比值（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤ－Ｌ－Ｃ）、致动脉粥样硬化指数（ＡＩ）的增加值和ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ、卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（ＬＣＡＴ）活性的下降均不同程度地低于单纯食猪油的高脂对照组。紫苏油尚可提高高脂血症大鼠血清ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、高密度脂蛋白亚组分Ⅱ胆固醇（ＨＤＬ２Ｃ）水平及ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ与高密度脂蛋白亚组分Ⅲ胆固醇（ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ）比值（ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ）；松籽油未见显著升高ＨＤＬ－Ｃ作用。各组动物血清ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ水平无显著差异。紫苏油和松籽油组大鼠肝体比值低于高脂对照组。紫苏油组大鼠肝脏过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量高于松籽油和高脂对照组。但与正常组比较，紫苏油、松籽油和高脂对照组大鼠肝体比值、肝脂质含量、肝组织病理学检查显示的肝脂变程度和肝脏ＬＰＯ含量均增高，而肝组织中谷胱?     

东北5城市脑血管病脂蛋白（α）和其它脂类水平的研究

报道４１例脑出血，４７例脑梗塞患者脂蛋白（α）［Ｌｐ（α）］及胆固醇（Ｃｈ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ），高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）、载脂蛋白Ａ－Ⅰ（ＡｐｏＡ－Ⅰ）和载脂蛋白Ｂ（ＡｐｏＢ）的水平，并与４９例健康对照者作比较。结果发现：脑梗塞组Ｌｐ（α）、ＡｐｏＢ及ＴＧ升高，ＨＤＬ及ＡｐｏＡ－Ⅰ下降；脑出血组Ｌｐ（α）、ＡｐｏＢ及ＴＧ上升，Ｃｈ及ＨＤＬ下降明显。脑梗塞组ＬＰ（α）与ＴＧ呈显著正相关，而脑出血组Ｌｐ（α）与Ｃｈ呈显著负相关。脑梗塞组Ｌｐ（α）、ＴＧ的异常检出率分别高达６８．０９％、６３．８３％，脑出血组ＨＤＬ的异常检出率高达５３．６６％。本研究结果提示，Ｌｐ（α）和其它脂类代谢异常是脑血管病患者最常见和重要的致病因素。     

膳食脂质对中老年高胆固醇血症患者血清胆固醇的影响

对１６７名中老年高胆固醇血症患者的膳食脂质摄入情况及血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）水平进行分析测定,结果表明：膳食脂质摄入及身体质量指数（ＢＭＩ）对血清胆固醇水平有重要影响;ＢＭＩ、膳食胆固醇和饱和脂肪酸与ＴＣ和ＬＤＬ－Ｃ水平呈正关联,ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及其与ＴＣ的比值与单不饱和脂肪酸呈正关联,而与ＢＭＩ呈负关联,提示减少膳食胆固醇和饱和脂肪摄入、     

氯化甲基汞对卵巢细胞酶及其线粒体的影响

用氯化甲基汞（以１／２００ＬＤ５０、１／２０ＬＤ５０和１／２ＬＤ５０即０．１９２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１．９２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１９．２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的剂量）给昆明种雌性小鼠经口染毒，然后测定卵巢细胞中的ＬＤＨ、Ｇ－６－ＰＤ和ＳＤＨ活性，同时做卵巢细胞线粒体的电镜观察。结果表明：各剂量组的ＬＤＨ、Ｇ－６－ＰＤ活性明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。１／２ＬＤ５０和１／２０ＬＤ５０组的ＳＨＤ活性也明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。从电镜看到线粒体膜较完整，但在１／２ＬＤ５０和１／２０ＬＤ５０组中的线粒体嵴数目减少，甚至完全消失，基质呈空泡状改变。总之，酶活性改变，能量代谢的异常和线粒体的损伤可能是氯化甲基汞造成卵巢细胞功能改变的重要原因。     

甲基汞对卵巢细胞酶及其线粒体的影响

用氯甲基汞（以１／２００ＬＤ５０、１／２０ＬＤ５０和１／２ＬＤ５０即０．１９２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１．９２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１９．２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的剂量）给昆明种雌性小鼠经口染毒，然后测定卵巢细胞中的ＬＤＨ、Ｇ－６－ＰＤ和ＳＤＨ活性，同时做卵巢细胞线粒体的电镜观察。结果表明：各剂量组的ＬＤＨ、Ｇ－６－ＰＤ活性明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。１／２ＬＤ５０和１／２０ＬＤ５０组的ＳＤＨ活性也明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。从电镜看到线粒体膜较完整，但在１／２ＬＤ５０和１／２０ＬＤ５０组中的线粒体嵴数目减少，甚至完全消失，基质呈空泡状改变。总之，酶活性改变，能量代谢的异常和线粒体的损伤可能是氯化甲基汞造成卵巢细胞功能改变的重要原因。     

产妇和新生儿血清脂类,脂蛋白和镜铜含量及相关关系的研究

本实验对５３例正常分娩产妇和６１例新生儿血清脂类及脂蛋白和血清锌，铜的含量及其相关关系做了初步的研究。结果表明：产妇血中ＴＧ，ＴＣ，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及铜均比正常对照组高，但血清锌较低（０．４１ｍｇ／Ｌ）。除ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值无差异外，各项指标及Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ比值均有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。母血中ＴＧ，ＴＣ，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及铜均比     

重庆市50岁及以上城乡居民高血压患病特点及影响因素分析

目的 了解重庆市50岁及以上城乡居民高血压患病特点及影响因素,为制定防治策略提供科学依据.方法 利用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取2 240名50岁及以上的城乡居民,对其进行问卷调查和体格检查.采用多因素Logistic回归方法对城乡居民高血压的影响因素进行分析.结果 高血压粗患病率为50.4％(年龄标化患病率为50.1％),农村患病率高于城市;渝西地区患病率(61.4％)高于渝东(48.1％)和城区(44.5％);50岁及以上居民患病率(41.7％ ～66.3％)随着年龄增长而升高;农村女性患病率(55.5％)高于男性(50.1％),城市男女性别之间患病率的差异无统计学意义;有高血压家庭史者的患病率(59.7％)高于无家族史者(49.1％);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、豆制品摄入不足、高血压家族史、缺乏体育锻炼和体质指数是城市居民高血压患病的独立危险因素;年龄、男性、文化程度低、食用泡菜或咸菜习惯、高血压家族史、吸烟和体质指数是农村居民高血压的独立危险因素.结论 重庆市50岁及以上居民高血压患病率高,年龄、高血压家族史和体质指数是城乡居民高血压患病的共同危险因素,城市还包括缺乏体育锻炼和豆制品摄入不足,农村则为吸烟、食用泡菜或咸菜的习惯和文化程度偏低.应进一步加强居民健康教育,改变不良生活方式,降低高血压患病危险.     

Population-attributable risk for colon cancer in Italy.

Risk factors for colon cancer have essentially been considered in terms of relative risks. From a public health viewpoint, however, their impact depends not only on the strength of the association, but also on the distribution of exposures in the population. Thus we used data from a case-control study conducted in Italy between 1992 and 1996 to estimate the population-attributable risks (PARs) for colon cancer in relation to educational level, physical activity, energy and vegetable intake, eating frequency, and family history of colorectal cancer. Cases were 1,225 incident, histologically confirmed colon cancer patients admitted to the major teaching and general hospitals in six Italian areas; controls were 4,154 subjects with no history of cancer, admitted to hospitals in the same catchment areas for acute, nonneoplastic diseases. By use of the distribution of the risk factors in the cases and the multivariate relative risk estimates, PARs were computed, i.e., the proportion of colon cancer that would have been avoided if all subjects were moved to the lowest exposure level. The PARs were 12% for high education, 14% for low physical activity, 14% for high energy intake, 22% for low vegetable intake, 7% for high eating frequency, and 8% for a family history of colorectal cancer. These factors together accounted for 56% of colon cancer cases. PARs were similar across age strata. Men had higher PARs for education, physical activity, and their combination, but lower PARs for energy, eating frequency, vegetable intake, and their combination than women. The percentage of colon cancers attributable to all factors considered together was 50% in men and 67% in women. Even if the PAR estimates were based on several arbitrary assumptions on the exposure distribution for various risk factors, available knowledge could, in principle, explain > 50% of cases in this Italian population, thus indicating and quantifying the theoretical scope for prevention.     

Dietary Intake, Eating Habits, and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Men

Background

Dietary factors contribute to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, a disorder associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and some cancers.

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the intake frequencies of certain food groups, eating habits, and the risk of metabolic syndrome in a cross-sectional study of Korean men.

Methods

Study participants were recruited from the National Cancer Center in South Korea. A total of 7,081 men aged 30 years and older were recruited between August 2002 and May 2007. Metabolic syndrome was defined as having three or more of the following conditions: obesity, high blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, high triglyceride level, and high fasting blood glucose level. The association of metabolic syndrome and sociodemographic characteristics, food intake frequencies, and eating habits assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, was examined.

Results

The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome for men aged 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, and 60+ years was 18.2%, 19.8%, 21.9%, and 20.5%, respectively. The study participants with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (27.6% vs 21.6%, P<0.001), and were more likely to be current smokers (50.1% vs 45.3%, P=0.005) than their counterparts. Among food group items, participants with metabolic syndrome showed significantly higher intake of seaweed (odds ratio [OR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05 to 1.50), and oily foods (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.57) than participants without metabolic syndrome. In addition, the group with metabolic syndrome was more likely to eat quickly (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.12 for fast vs slow) and to overeat frequently (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.85 to 3.05 for more than 4 times a week vs less than once a week).

Conclusions

The results suggest that high intake of seaweed and oily foods as well as eating habits such as eating faster and frequent overeating, are associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome. In contrast, high fruit intake may be associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome. The importance of dietary habits in metabolic syndrome development needs to be pursued in further studies.     

Effect of low and high fat diets on nutrient intakes and selected cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary men and women

OBJECTIVE: The desired level of dietary fat intake is controversial. The effect of decreasing fat intake to 19% and increasing it to 50% from a control diet of 30% on nutritional status and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy individuals was studied. METHODS: Eleven healthy subjects (5 men and 6 women) were randomized to consume diets with 19% and 50% calories from fat. Each diet lasted 3 weeks, with a one-week washout. The habitual and washout diets were determined to be 30% fat. At the beginning and the end of each diet, fasting blood was collected to determine plasma lipoproteins, and physiological factors were measured. RESULTS: Total caloric expenditure was similarly balanced to intake on the 30% and 50% fat diets, but intake was significantly lower on the 19% fat diet and led to a loss of 0.6 kg body weight. Consumptions of essential fatty acids, vitamin E and zinc were improved with increased fat intake, but folate intake was compromised on the 30% and 50% fat diets. Compared with the 50% fat diet, subjects consuming the 19% fat diet had significantly lower HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (54 +/- 3 vs. 63 +/- 3 mg. dL(-1), p < 0.05) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) (118 +/- 4 vs. 127 +/- 3 mg/dL, p < 0.05). Changing the levels of fat intake did not affect % body fat, heart rate, blood pressure, blood triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), TC/HDL-C and ApoA1/ApoB ratios. CONCLUSION: A low fat diet (19%) may not provide sufficient calories, essential fatty acids, and some micronutrients (especially vitamin E and zinc) for healthy untrained individuals, and it also lowered ApoA1 and HDL-C. Increasing fat intake to 50% of calories improved nutritional status, and did not negatively affect certain cardiovascular risk factors.     

Clinical and metabolic study of a new pill containing 20 mcg ethinylestradiol plus 0.150 mg desogestrel

The clinical and metabolic effects of a short-term treatment with a combination contraceptive pill containing 0.150 mg desogestrel and 20 mcg ethinylestradiol were evaluated in a group of 17 healthy women. In spite of the low estrogen content, the pill exerted a good cycle control and the incidence of irregular bleedings was low. The minor side effects commonly associated with oral contraceptive (OC) use rarely occurred, and an improvement of premenstrual symptoms was reported during pill intake. As for the different biochemical parameters tested, the formulation induced a significant increase of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) plasma levels. However, the resulting increase of peptide was lower than that induced by pills containing 30 mcg ethinylestradiol. No significant modifications of plasma total cholesterol (T-CH) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CH) were observed, while triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH) concentrations and the HDL-CH/LDL-CH ratio significantly increased. A significant increase of apolipoproteins AI (Apo AI) and apolipoproteins AII (Apo AII) concentrations was also observed. Moreover, the pill did not alter fasting insulin and glucose levels and their response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). It may be concluded that this new formulation can be considered acceptable for clinical use, mainly in consideration of the minor or no changes in the biochemical parameters regarded as risk factors for venous and arterial diseases.     

珠海市老年女性骨质疏松性骨折危险因素调查

目的 分析珠海市老年女性骨质疏松性骨折的影响因素,为降低老年女性骨折发生风险提供依据。方法 采用简单抽样方法分别抽取珠海市50~70岁女性骨质疏松性骨折病例为病例组、健康体检女性为对照组进行问卷调查,调查内容包括人口学特征、年龄、婚姻状态、家庭收入、文化程度、户外活动量、BMI、月经初潮年龄、绝经年龄、怀孕次数、生产胎儿数、骨折史、饮酒史、吸烟史、牛奶摄入频率等。采用单、多因素分析方法对影响该年龄段女性骨质疏松性骨折发生因素进行分析。结果 本研究共纳入200例50~70岁女性骨质疏松性骨折患者作为病例组和200名50~70岁健康女性为对照组。病例组和对照组人群均以60~70岁为主,分别占75.0%、66.5%,婚姻状态以已婚为主,分别占80.0%、85.0%。家庭月收入<5 000元分别占60.0%、55.0%,文化程度均以大专及以上为主,分别占60.0%、57.5%。有骨折史（OR=4.116）、有吸烟史（OR=3.904）和绝经年龄<45岁（OR=4.229）是50~70岁女性发生骨质疏松性骨折的危险因素,户外活动量≥60 min/d（OR=0.417）、牛奶摄入频率≥3次/周（OR=0.191）是该年龄段女性骨折疏松性骨折的保护因素。结论 户外活动量、骨折史、吸烟史、牛奶摄入频率和绝经年龄是50~70岁女性骨质疏松性骨折发生的影响因素,户外活动量较大、牛奶摄入频率较高可降低女性骨质疏松性骨折的发生风险。     

Nutrition and breast cancer risk by age 50: a population-based case-control study in Germany

Diet is recognized to play a role in the occurrence of breast cancer; however, the data are inconsistent. The goal of this study was to determine the influence of dietary factors on breast cancer risk among women up to 50 yr of age in a German population. A population-based case-control study was conducted including 706 cases and 1,381 controls. In addition to a risk factor questionnaire, a subgroup of 355 cases and 838 controls completed a food frequency questionnaire. Breast cancer risk was inversely associated with vegetable consumption (P for trend = 0.034). The odds ratio for the fourth quartile of vegetable intake compared with the first quartile was 0.64 (95% confidence interval = 0.43-0.96). Breast cancer risk increased with a higher consumption of red meat (P for trend = 0.016); women with the highest consumption level had an 85% elevated breast cancer risk compared with the lowest quartile (95% confidence interval = 1.23-2.78). When only premenopausal women were considered, the protective effect of vegetable intake and the positive association with meat intake were even stronger. These results are compatible with the international recommendations for a breast cancer preventive diet and suggest that the favorable effect of a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat, especially beef, may be stronger in premenopausal women.     

北京市城区居民慢性病行为危险因素监测

目的 研究心脑血管病等慢性非传染性疾病相关行为危险因素在北京市城区居民中流行规律及其影响因素。方法 1996－1999年,每月采用随机抽样方法,对全市城区抽取的11084名年龄在15－69岁的常住居民进行问卷监测调查。结果 北京市城区居民中慢性病的行为危险因素流行率较高,其中现在吸烟率、酗酒率、咸食摄入率、高脂摄入率、缺少体育运动率和体重超重率分别为23．25％、8．95％、43．57％、26．89％、14．97％和32．15％。调查对象自报高血压患病率为19．22％。随着监测次数的增加,现在吸烟率出现明显下降的趋势,而其他行为危险因素的流行率无明显变化。logistic多元回归分析表明,行为危险因素在同一人群中常伴随出现。结论 人际交往、社会及家庭环境、患病和健康意识是行为改变的主要影响因素。尽管现在吸烟率几年来出现显下降的趋势,但吸烟、不合理膳食、缺少体育运动以及高血压等危险因素严重,必须及时采取干预措施,加强控制。     

Associations of total energy and macronutrients with colon cancer risk in African Americans and Whites: results from the North Carolina colon cancer study

The higher incidence of colon cancer in African Americans compared with other US racial/ethnic groups is largely unexplained. This report describes associations of total energy and macronutrients with colon cancer risk in African Americans and Whites from a case-control study in North Carolina between 1996 and 2000. Incident cases of histologically confirmed colon cancer, aged 40-80 years (n = 613), and matched controls (n = 996) were interviewed in person to elicit information on potential colon cancer risk factors. A validated food frequency questionnaire adapted to include regional foods was used to assess diet over the year prior to diagnosis or interview date. Cases generally reported higher mean daily intakes of total energy and macronutrients and lower dietary fiber consumption than did controls. Total energy intake was positively associated with colon cancer risk in both racial groups and, although there were some differences by race, high intakes of individual energy sources were also generally associated with two- to threefold increases in risk in models not controlled for total energy. However, these associations largely disappeared when total energy was taken into account. A high level of dietary fiber was associated with a statistically significant 50-60% risk reduction in African Americans and a nonsignificant 30% decreased risk in Whites. Alcohol intake was not statistically significantly associated with colon cancer in either racial group. Total energy intake was consistently associated with colon cancer risk, but associations with individual macronutrients varied somewhat by race and by adjustment for energy intake. These findings may provide an explanation for some of the racial differences in colon cancer incidence.     

Low Fat Intake and Coronary Artery Disease in a Population with Higher Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease: The Indian Paradox

Objective: To determine the association between saturated fat intake and prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary risk factors.

Design and Setting: Total community cross sectional survey of 20 urban streets out of 196 streets, in the city of Moradabad in north India.

Subjects and Methods: Adult population between 25 to 64 years inclusive comprised of 1806 subjects (904 men, 902 women) were divided into three groups according to level of saturated fat intake as assessed by 7-day dietary intake records (very low <7%, low 7 to 10%, high >10% energy (en) per day).

Results: We examined the relationship between CAD risk and levels of % en from fat intake. Low (7 to 10% en/day) and high (>10% en/day) saturated fat were positively and significantly associated with higher prevalence of CAD. The prevalence of coronary risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and sedentary lifestyle) were significantly higher among subjects with low and high saturated fat intake compared to subjects with very low (<7%) saturated fat intake. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age showed that hypercholesterolemia (OR: men 0.89, women 0.68), hypertension (men 0.92, women 0.56), physical activity (men 0.80, women 0.36), obesity (men 0.82, women 0.88) and smoking (0.70 men) were significant risk factors of CAD. Low and high saturated fat intake were associated with more prestigious occupations, higher and middle income status and better educational levels compared to very low saturated fat intake.

Conclusions: The prevalence of CAD and coronary risk factors was higher in urban Indians with low and high saturated fat intake than those with lower saturated fat intake. These findings suggest that the saturated fat intake should be <7% en/day for prevention of CAD in Indians.