THE ENGLISH DRINK PROBLEM: ITS RISE AND DECLINE THROUGH THE AGES

For many centuries the "loathsome and odious sin of drunkenness" held this country in a firm grip tightening it even closer on a number of occasions. Numerous unco-ordinated efforts made by social reformers, the Churches, Legislators and at times also by doctors to loosen the tight hold were of no lasting avail until fairly recently. It was chiefly the campaign against drunkenness during the 1914-18 War which extricated the country from its grip, and since then a number of factors acting in combination have prevented drunkenness from becoming a menace once more. But even if nowadays drunken people are not sprawling on the streets any more, there is still need for research, vigilance and public education in the complex phenomenon of alcoholism.     

SELF-MEASURED SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE MORNING IS A STRONG INDICATOR OF DECLINE OF RENAL FUNCTION IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH NON-DIABETIC CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY

While blood pressure is a recognized major determinant of renal function deterioration, the role of self blood pressure measurement (BPM) in predicting the loss of renal function in hypertensive patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) has not been adequately addressed. One hundred and thirteen patients (F/M: 46/67; 56±1 years) with CRI (mean serum creatinine: 1.87±0.08; range: 1.4 to 3.5?mg/dl; average urinary protein excretion: 1.2±0.2?g/24?hrs.) were followed for 3 years. The record of renal biopsy revealed that 74 patients had IgA nephropathy, 16 had chronic glomerulonephritis, and 6 had membranous nephropathy, while 17, unbiopsied patients had underlying renal disease of unknown origin. Self BPM were made at regular intervals throughout the course of the study. All recorded blood pressures were included in a stepwise multiple regression analysis in which the decline in GFR per year was the dependent variable. Patients were primarily treated with a combination of amlodipine (5 to 20?mg daily), a calcium antagonist, and benazepril(2.5 to 5?mg daily), an ACE inhibitor in an effort to reduce their blood pressure at the office to <130/85?mmHg. The simple correlation between blood pressures (i.e., office, home morning and home evening) and the decline in GFR were all statistically significant. The correlation coefficients of determination for this model were as follows: r=0.64 for home morning SBP; 0.43 for office SBP; 0.39 for office DBP; and 0.38 for home morning DBP. The level of urinary protein excretion did not correlate with the decline in GFR. These data suggest that self BPM improves prognostic ability in hypertensive patients with CRI.     

徐州地区疟疾发病率的区间划分、预测及下降阶段推测模型

运用灰色模型对徐州地区1956—1986年的疟疾发病率进行了区间划分,并对1987年及1988年的疟疾发病率进行灰色GM(1,1)预测。预测精度分别为94.83％及82.44％。为对间日疟发病率下降规律进行探索,运用灰色Verhulst模型对疟疾发病率进行拟合,在此基础上提出了间日疟发病率下降的推测模型。     

新民滩血吸虫病传播阻断后7年螺情消长因素

目的 探讨新民滩当前钉螺分布特征及其影响因素，为防治策略和措施调整提供依据。方法 以新民滩历史螺情资料、水利、水文记载和2001年新民滩钉螺调查进行综合统计分析。结果 新民滩钉螺面积在正常泄洪年份后呈下降趋势，频繁泄洪年份后呈上升趋势。在“达标”后第6年新民滩钉螺面积猛升到162．4hm^2，有螺条块以簇状散在分布于主泄洪河道附近，滩面上游水系螺情显著重于下游，垦种滩钉螺显著少于未垦种滩，新发现有螺条块面积少、密度低。泄洪漫滩是导致螺情回升的重要因素。坚持区域规划和综合治理，可遏制钉螺扩散。结论 湖沼型血吸虫病流行区在”达标”后，应加大螺情监测力度，保证相应经费投入，做到“治水、灭螺、开发”三者有机结合，“治理湖滩”与“经营湖滩”相互促进，才能巩固血防成果。