体外受精-胚胎移植患者促排卵药物自我注射的护理干预

目的 探讨体外受精胚胎移植患者促排卵药物自我注射的护理干预效果.方法 采用类实验性研究,将初次行体外受精胚胎移植促排卵患者99例按时间顺序分为观察组50例、对照组49例.对照组给予常规护理,观察组采用自我注射促排卵药物护理干预方案,包括促排药物自行注射笔记的使用、语言教育联合实践教育方式,同时采用线上咨询为患者提供延续...     

重新评价克罗米芬在促排卵治疗中的作用

克罗米芬(CC)是第一个用于诱导排卵的药物,对于无排卵性不孕症的治疗具有里程碑意义.经口给药、安全、价格低廉等特点使CC明显优于其他需注射给药、价格昂贵的促排卵药物.但CC治疗中出现的高排卵率(60%~90%)、低妊娠率(10%~40%),以及部分患者对CC治疗的抵抗一直困扰着人们.随着新的促排卵药物的出现,人们开始重新评估CC在促排卵中的作用:CC用于无排卵性不孕症治疗的有效性如何?可以有那些改进?CC是否仍然是一线促排卵药物？     

卵巢低反应患者控制性促排卵方案的选择

卵巢低反应(POR)是卵巢对促排卵药物反应低下,是控制性促排卵(COH)中的难题。COH的关键在于如何使这部分患者获得数量适中、质优的卵母细胞。本文就COH方案的选择及促排卵前的预处理进行综述。     

黄体期促排卵中自然妊娠的个案报道及文献回顾

黄体期促排卵在卵巢低反应患者中应用较为广泛,其可提高获卵数并缩短治疗周期。但在黄体期促排卵过程中有自然妊娠可能,临床少见。本文报道了一例在黄体期促排卵过程中,因孕酮异常高水平而发现意外妊娠的病例。通过文献回顾,提出在黄体期促排卵过程中监测孕酮水平对发现妊娠具有积极意义,并建议在在黄体期促排卵过程中采用对妊娠更为安全的药物,以避免影响继续妊娠。     

抗菌药物临床应用管理办法

第一章 总则 第一条为加强医疗机构抗菌药物临床应用管理，规范抗菌药物临床应用行为，提高抗菌药物临床应用水平，促进临床合理应用抗菌药物，控制细菌耐药，保障医疗质量和医疗安全，根据相关卫生法律法规，制定本办法。     

晚卵泡期应用黄体生成素/人绒毛膜促性腺激素控制卵泡数量的研究

理想的促排卵方案要求可以控制发育卵泡的数目和质量,以最简单、经济的药物或方法,达到理想的促排卵效果,最终目的是获得有效的妊娠(可以最终分娩正常胎儿、无并发症如多胎妊娠、卵巢过度刺激综合征的发生).基于黄体生成素(LH)上限值(ceiling)理论[1,2],在促排卵的晚卵泡期采用大剂量LH/小剂量人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG),以达到理想的促排卵目的,是对促排卵方案的有益尝试.     

孕激素阻断LH峰用于促排卵的方案应用进展

随着卵泡发育基础内分泌理论的深入研究,以及胚胎玻璃化冷冻和冻融胚胎移植(FET)技术的不断完善,近年来控制性卵巢刺激(COS)方案呈现许多新进展,越来越趋向于简单化、多样化、个体化。孕激素阻断LH峰用于促排卵的方案简称孕激素阻断方案,是利用内源或外源性孕激素阻断LH峰,结合促排卵药物进行卵巢刺激的一种促排卵策略,包括黄体期促排卵(LPS)、卵泡期联合黄体期双重刺激(duostim),卵泡期高孕酮状态下促排卵(PPOS),以及其它孕激素方式下的促排卵方案。本文对孕激素阻断方案发展历史,作用机制,临床应用及适用人群等方面进行综述。     

国产卵泡刺激素结合人绝经期促性腺素用于体外受精-胚胎移植促排卵493例临床病例分析

卵泡刺激素（FSH）和人绝经期促性腺素（HMG）作为一种促排卵药物,已经广泛应用于体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF～ET）超促排卵用药,但在2002年之前,国内不能生产FSH,我们应用的FSH均是进口的,2002年之后,国产的FSH开始投入使用,本研究的目的是观察国产的FSH结合HMG促排卵能否取得较好的治疗效果。     

多胎妊娠减胎术操作规范(2016)

随着全面二孩政策开放,高龄孕妇增多,刺激卵巢药物及辅助生殖技术应用更广泛,使多胎妊娠发生率和风险显著增加。为进一步降低多胎妊娠的风险,规范我国多胎妊娠减胎术的操作,中华医学会生殖医学分会制订了本规范,期望帮助提高医疗机构多胎妊娠减胎术水平,改善多胎妊娠的预后,保障医疗质量和医疗安全。     

Application of modified painless injection for women receiving ovarian hyperstimulation

目的 探讨改良无痛注射技术在不孕妇女促排卵进程中的应用效果.方法 对374例接受夫精宫腔内人工授精技术治疗(523个周期)的不孕症患者随机分为观察组(174例,221个周期)和对照组(200例,302个周期),分别应用改良无痛注射技术和传统注射技术进行促排卵药物的臀部肌内注射.结果 观察组肌内注射3种药物疼痛评分显著低于对照组,治疗依从率显著高于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 在促排卵的给药进程中采用改良无痛注射技术进行肌内注射,可明显降低患者的疼痛感受,提高患者对治疗的依从性.     

不同促排卵方案对多囊卵巢综合征不孕症患者的治疗效果

目的 研究多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕症患者不同促排卵方案的治疗效果.方法 收集2018年1月至2020年1月来我院行促排卵治疗的120例PCOS排卵障碍不孕症患者,随机分配至不同促排卵方案治疗组:克罗米芬组(n=40)、来曲唑组(n=40)、尿促性素组(n=40).统计分析3组患者的促排卵效果及妊娠结局.结果 与克...     

选择性减胎可以明显改善多胎妊娠的临床妊娠结局

目的回顾性分析在本中心行IVF-ET获临床妊娠患者的妊娠结局,结合选择性减胎术(MFPR)患者的手术情况及妊娠结局,分析选择性减胎术的有效性和必要性。方法对本中心2008年4月至2016年4月共2 923例通过IVF-ET获得临床妊娠的患者进行跟踪随访,了解其孕期情况、分娩方式及新生儿健康状况等;同时对同期在本中心行MFPR的患者共130例随访,包括术后4周流产、晚期流产及早产等情况。MFPR患者来源包括行辅助生殖技术(ART)助孕获得的多胎妊娠以及单纯使用促排卵药物导致的多胎妊娠。结果 (1)IVF-ET患者的临床妊娠率51.52%,其中双胎妊娠率26.03%,三胎及以上妊娠率1.23%;双胎妊娠组晚期流产率和早产率均显著高于单胎妊娠组(P<0.001),且妊娠期贫血、妊高征、糖尿病和低出生体重儿的发生率均显著高于单胎妊娠组(P<0.001)。(2)130例MFPR患者中85.71%的四胎及以上妊娠由单纯使用促排卵药物导致;减胎时平均妊娠天数60.55d(49~126d),术后4周流产率为3.10%且全部发生于术后一周内,晚期流产率7.41%,早产率1.85%。(3)MFPR后低出生体重儿发生率显著低于IVF双胎妊娠未减胎组(P<0.001);IVF双胎妊娠经MFPR后早产率显著低于双胎妊娠未减胎组(P<0.001);IVF三胎妊娠经MFPR后无论减为双胎妊娠还是减为单胎妊娠,早产率均显著低于双胎妊娠未减胎组(P<0.05)。结论双胎妊娠的不良妊娠结局增加;四胎及以上多胎妊娠的主要原因是单纯促排卵药物的使用;MFPR可以降低多胎妊娠的早产率和低体重儿的发生率,改善因辅助生殖技术及促排卵药物导致的多胎妊娠的临床妊娠结局,作为助孕并发症的补救措施是行之有效的,也是非常有必要的。     

小剂量阿司匹林在诱发排卵中对子宫内膜组织形态学的影响

目的 :探讨小剂量阿司匹林 ( aspirin)在诱发排卵过程中对子宫内膜组织形态学的影响。方法 :采用前瞻性随机双盲的方法 ,观察原因不明的不育妇女在克罗米酚( CC)促排卵治疗同时自月经第 1～ 2 0天连续服小剂量 aspirin 75mg/ d,于黄体期取血测定血栓素 A2 /前列环素 ( TXA2 / PGI2 )比值 ,超声测定子宫动脉血流阻力指数 ( RI)及取子宫内膜进行组织形态学分析。结果 :aspirin组 TXA2 / PGI2 比值、子宫血流 RI明显低于单用 CC组 ( P<0 .0 5,P<0 .0 1 )。子宫内膜腺体面积、周长、间质面积、腺 /间比值及雌、孕激素受体的数目均明显大于单用 CC组 ( P<0 .0 1 )。结论 :小剂量 aspirin可改善促排卵时CC所致的子宫内膜发育不良。     

卵巢过度刺激综合征高危患者的HCG诱导排卵策略

卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)是辅助生殖技术中常见的具有潜在危险的并发症,严重者可危及生命,其发生在很大程度上与患者的内分泌状况、治疗方案、所用的促排卵药物剂量、种类以及是否妊娠密切相关。目前OHSS发病机制不明,临床上以预防为主。预防措施分为两级:初级预防为确定OHSS的高危人群,制定个体化促排方案,减少促性腺激素(Gn)用量等;次级预防是促排卵过程中调整方案以降低OHSS发病率。本文就降调节促排卵方案中高危OHSS患者的预防策略进行阐述,主要包括HCG诱导排卵策略的合理选择、全胚冷冻、Coasting、重组黄体生成素(rLH)诱导排卵;促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)在诱导排卵中的应用等几个方面。总体而言,针对OHSS高危患者,应制定个体化、不同环节、多种措施来预防OHSS的发生。     

Successful pregnancy in morbidly obese lady with polycystic ovary syndrome after bariatric surgery: A case report

IntroductionObesity has been proven to have adverse effects on fertility and is one of the predisposing factors for delay in pregnancy even with the use of assisted reproductive technique. There are many pathways in which obesity can affect fertility such as anovulation, poor implantation and low-quality oocyte.Case presentationWe report a case of a 40-year-old lady with primary infertility for six years with underlying polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and BMI 45.7 whom was successfully conceived twice following bariatric surgery procedure in which reduction of 70% of her BMI prior to bariatric surgery lead to her spontaneous conception without fertility intervention and successful live birth.Clinical discussionObese PCOS needs multidisciplinary approaches which include weight loss program such as dietary advice, exercise intervention as part of preliminary treatment prior to ovulation induction and counselling.ConclusionBariatric surgery has been a mainstay treatment in patients with morbid obesity and those with BMI more than 35 associated with obesity related problems such as joint pain, hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Bariatric surgery such as laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy should be considered more often in contrast to lifestyle modification for morbidly obese lady with PCOS and infertility prior to the use of standard ovulation induction regime for treating infertility.     

二甲双胍联合复方醋酸环丙孕酮预治疗对多囊卵巢综合征不育患者促排卵疗效的影响

目的观察多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者经二甲双胍联合复方醋酸环丙孕酮预治疗后的内分泌、糖及脂代谢变化及随后促排卵效果。方法测定65例PCOS患者的基础内分泌、糖及脂代谢指标并与30例非PCOS不育患者比较。对 50例PCOS患者给予二甲双胍联合复方醋酸环丙酮治疗,3个月后复查内分泌、糖及脂代谢指标,停药后给予克罗米芬(CC) 及人绝经期促性腺激素(HMG)促排卵(观察组);未经上述药物治疗的15例PCOS患者直接行促排卵治疗(对~g11)。比较各组卵泡发育、排卵及妊娠情况。结果65例PCOS患者基础促黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)、空腹胰岛素(FI)、空腹血糖／空腹胰岛素比值(FG／FI)及甘油三脂(T-Ch)、总胆固醇(TG)水平高于非PCOS不育患者(P<0.001～P<0.05), 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平低于非PCOS不育患者(P<0．05);观察组经治疗后LH、T及E2分别下降58．9％、38％及30．1％,载脂蛋白B(apoB)及HDL—C上升17．2％及20％(P<0．001～P<0．05),FI及FG／FI虽有不同程度下降及上升, 但差异无显著性。促排卵结果:排卵率71．7％、妊娠率38％,均明显高于对照组(P<0．05)。结论二甲双胍联合复方醋酸环丙孕酮治疗可有效改善PCOS患者内分泌及糖、脂代谢紊乱,改善卵巢对促排卵药物的敏感性,提高排卵率及临床妊娠率,对PCOS不育妇女不失为良好的预治疗方法。     

Effect of pretreatment with compound cyproterone acetate-metformin combination on the outcome of ovulation induction in the infertility women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Objective: To observe the effects of compound cyproterone acetate (Daine-35) in combination with metformin on the endocrinologic, metabolic changes and the outcomes of ovulation induction in the infertility women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A prospective study recruited 65 PCOS patients and 30 non-PCOS infertility women. The body mass index (BMI), waist: hip ratio (WHR), Ferriman-Gallwey score, gonadotrophin, testosterone (T), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, apoA, apoB and HDL-cholesterol were determined in all patients before the treatment and served as the baseline. At the end of 12-week therapy, these parameters were re-measured. 50 PCOS infertile patients as study group were treated with combination of Daine-35 with metformin for three months. Clomiphene citrate (CC) and human menopause gonadotrophin (hMG) were added for three cycles to induce ovulation. Other 15 PCOS cases as control group directly underwent ovulation induction with CC and hMG for three cycles. Results: The PCOS patients had higher levels of LH, T, E2, fasting insulin, FG/FI, total cholesterol and triglyceride, and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol when compared with the non-PCOS women (P<0.001-P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of LH, T, E2 were significantly decreased (58.9%, 38% and 30.1%, respectively) and the levels of apoB and HDL-C were significantly increased (17.2% and 20%, respectively) in the study group (P<0.001-P<0.05). FI and FG/FI showed a slight change in the study group, but no significant difference was found. The rates of ovulation and pregnancy were higher than those in control group (71% vs 60.5% and 38% vs 13.3%, respectively).Conclusions: Metformin in combination with compound cyproterone acetate (Daine-35) therapy may normalize the endocrine and metabolic abnormalities, and improve the ovarian response to ovulation induction drugs and increase the pregnancy rate of infertility patients with PCOS.     

Pulmonary artery catheter placement for elective coronary artery bypass grafting: before or after anesthetic induction?

Pulmonary arterial catheters (PACs) are often used during and after coronary artery bypass grafting. We hypothesized that placement of a PAC would be faster in anesthetized patients. We further hypothesized that the presence or absence of a PAC during the induction of anesthesia would make no difference in hemodynamics, vasoactive drug use, or IV fluid administration during the induction. Patients (n = 200) undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were assigned to PAC insertion either before or after the induction of anesthesia. Total time for PAC insertion, number of finder needle and venous catheter insertion attempts, incidence of carotid artery puncture, arrhythmias or ST segment changes, arterial blood gas analysis, hemodynamic variables, IV fluids, and vasoactive drugs required during and after the anesthetic induction were recorded. Thirty-two different physicians placed the PACs. PAC placement was faster (10 versus 12 min, P = 0.0003) and required fewer punctures with a finder needle (P = 0.0107) in anesthetized patients. There were no significant differences between groups in hemodynamic values or use of vasoactive or anesthetic drugs or IV fluids during the induction. There were also no significant differences between groups in the incidence of myocardial ischemia, arterial hypoxemia, or hypercarbia. Placement of a PAC before the induction of anesthesia consumes more time and fails to improve hemodynamic stability or lessen vasoactive drug use during the induction of anesthesia. IMPLICATIONS: Insertion of pulmonary artery catheters (PACs) before the induction of anesthesia requires more needle sticks and takes longer than insertion after the induction of anesthesia; moreover, previous PAC insertion has no significant effect on hemodynamics or use of vasoactive drugs or IV fluid associated with the induction of anesthesia.