瑞芬太尼、异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉在小儿腺样体切除手术中的应用

目的:比较瑞芬太尼、异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉用于小儿麻醉与静吸复合麻醉对血流动力学的影响.方法:选择30例行腺样体切除术的患儿随机分为全静脉麻醉(A)组和静吸复合麻醉(B)组,每组15例,A组静脉输注瑞芬太尼、异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉维持, B组吸入异氟醚及静脉输注异丙酚维持麻醉,记录术中的血压(BP)、心率(HR)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2).结果:B组术中的HR较A组增快.结论:瑞芬太尼、异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉用于小儿与静吸复合麻醉比较是一种较好的麻醉方法.     

靶控输注对老年腹腔镜手术患者术后认知功能的影响

目的：比较靶控输注异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉与异氟醚复合瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉对老年人术后认知功能的影响。方法：选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,年龄大于65岁择期行腹腔镜胃肠手术的患者40例,随机分为两组：每组20例：靶控输注异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉组（T组）,异氟醚复合瑞芬太尼静吸麻醉组（Ⅰ组）,于术前及手术后第1,3,7天应用minimental state（MMS）测试方法评定认知功能。结果：术后第1、3天两组的MMS评分与术前相比均降低。Ⅰ组与T组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组术后第7天的MMS评分与术前差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：靶控输注异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉对老年腹腔镜手术患者认知功能的影响小于异氟醚复合瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉。     

丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉在脊柱侧弯手术唤醒试验中的应用

目的比较在青少年脊枉侧弯手术中,丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼的全凭静脉麻醉与异氟烷复合芬太尼的静吸复合麻醉的唤醒试验时间及苏醒质量。方法40例择期行脊柱侧弯矫正术的10～18岁患者,随机分入全凭静脉麻醉组（丙泊酚＋瑞芬太尼,A组）和静吸复合麻醉组（异氟烷＋芬太尼,B组）。比较两组患者术中、术后的唤醒时间,唤醒时的心率、血压变化以及患者的躁动和术中知晓情况。结果A组患者的术中唤醒时间（9±3）min较B组（12±6）min缩短,但两组比较差异无统计学差异（P=0．066）。A组患者的手术结束后睁眼时间[（12±9）minvs（20±10）min]、手足活动时间[（13±8）min VS（23±9）min]和拔管时间[（13±8）minvs（20±9）min]较B组缩短（P〈0．05）。B组患者术中唤醒时出现躁动的例数增多（P=0．033）。两组患者术中的血流动力学变化及术中知晓情况差异无统计学意义。结论与异氟炕／芬太尼的静吸复合麻醉相比,采用丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼的全凭静脉麻醉方案可以使患者在术中及术后更快苏醒,躁动发生较少,且不增加术中知晓的发生率。     

瑞芬太尼用于脊柱侧弯矫正术中唤醒试验的研究

目的探讨瑞芬太尼用于脊柱侧弯矫正术时对唤醒试验的影响,以期增加唤醒试验的可调控性。方法随机将20例行脊柱侧弯矫正术的患者分为瑞芬太尼组(n=10)和芬太尼组(n=10),两组分别以异丙酚+异氟醚+阿曲库铵+瑞芬太尼或异丙酚+异氟醚+阿曲库铵+芬太尼维持麻醉。分别记录两组病人唤醒前15min,自主呼吸恢复时,唤醒即刻,唤醒后10min各个时点的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)。结果瑞芬太尼组唤醒时间为(6.3±2.1)min,明显低于芬太尼组(14.5±6.2)min,经统计学处理有显著差异(P<0.05)。芬太尼组唤醒即刻的HR、MAP均高于瑞芬太尼组,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼用于脊柱侧弯矫正术中可缩短唤醒时间,增加了唤醒试验的可调控性,且唤醒期间血流动力学波动小,具有良好的临床使用价值。     

异丙酚复合芬太尼或瑞芬太尼靶控静脉麻醉与静吸复合麻醉的比较

目的:比较异丙酚复合芬太尼或瑞芬太尼靶控静脉麻醉与静吸复合麻醉效果。方法:A、B、C三组各纳入患者35例,分别给予异丙酚复合芬太尼或瑞芬太尼靶控静脉麻醉、静吸复合麻醉。结果:C组、A组麻醉副作用发生率高于B组,A组、B组,意识消失时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间、苏醒时FRVI低于C组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:三种麻醉均较为安全可靠,麻醉效果好,但异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控静脉麻醉效果相对更高,麻醉相关不良反应少,恢复快。     

靶控输注全凭静脉麻醉对老年患者术后认知功能的影响

目的比较靶控输注丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉、七氟醚和瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉对老年患者术后认知功能的影响。方法选取ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,年龄≥60岁择期行腹腔镜手术的患者60例,随机分为两组:靶控输注丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉(靶控输注全凭静脉麻醉组)和七氟醚+瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉(静吸复合麻醉组)。观察两组患者围术期认知功能、术后24 h内疼痛评分及术后恢复情况。结果①靶控输注全凭静脉麻醉组自主呼吸时间、听从指令时间及定向力恢复时间均早于静吸复合麻醉组(P<0.05);拔管时间和睁眼时间亦早于静吸复合麻醉组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②两组各时间点MMSE评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1 h两组患者MMSE评分均显著下降(P<0.05),术后3 h靶控输注全凭静脉麻醉组认知功能均得以恢复。③两组患者术后24 h内各时间点VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论靶控输注异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉可引起老年患者一过性术后认知功能障碍,与七氟醚和瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉相似,但前者术后苏醒更快。     

喉罩吸入七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉在小儿腹股沟疝手术中的应用

目的 比较喉罩吸入七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉与异丙酚复合氯胺酮静脉麻醉在小儿腹股沟疝手术中应用的优劣.方法 择期腹股沟疝手术患儿40例,ASA Ⅰ级,随机分为喉罩吸入七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼组(A组)和异丙酚复合氯胺酮组(B组),每组20例.术中均保留自主呼吸,记录呼吸循环变化、诱导和苏醒时间、术中体动和术后不良反应发生率.结果 B组切皮后15min和术毕时HR明显快于A组和诱导前(P＜0.05),B组患儿术中体动反应、术后不良反应发生率明显高于A组(P＜0.05),在诱导时间、苏醒时间上A组较B组明显缩短(P＜0.05).结论 对于腹股沟疝手术患儿,喉罩吸入七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉比异丙酚复合氯胺酮静脉麻醉效果更好.     

不同麻醉方法对术中唤醒试验患者应激反应的影响

目的比较不同麻醉方法对术中唤醒试验患者应激反应的影响。方法 60例行脊柱侧凸矫正术患者按随机数字表法分为丙泊酚+瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉组(A组)、七氟醚+瑞芬太尼麻醉组(B组),每组30例。唤醒前30 min停止静注阿曲库铵,唤醒前10 min,A组停止输注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼,B组停止吸入七氟醚和瑞芬太尼。记录两组病人停用丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼和七氟醚时(T1)、唤醒即刻(T2)、加深麻醉后15 min(T3)时的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血糖及血浆皮质醇浓度,观察两组的唤醒时间和苏醒质量。结果两组唤醒时间分别为(11.2±1.3)min和(10.7±2.1)min,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组苏醒质量优于B组(P<0.05)。两组唤醒即刻的HR、MAP、血糖及血浆皮质醇浓度均高于唤醒前(P<0.05),但各时点A组上述指标均低于B组(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚+瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉行脊柱侧凸矫正术,患者术中唤醒时应激反应程度低于七氟醚+瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉。     

异丙酚-瑞芬太尼静脉全凭麻醉对全麻苏醒的影响

目的 观察手术结束后病人清醒时间及躁动情况。方法 选择60例全麻下择期手术病人，ASA（美国麻醉医师协会）病情分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级，随机分为A、B两组，每组30例。A组为麻醉维持期异丙酚-瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉病人，B组为麻醉维持期异丙酚-安氟醚静吸复合麻醉病人。结果 A组：手术结束后苏醒期发生术后躁动1例；B组：手术结束后苏醒期5例发生躁动。结论 全身麻醉维持期复合应用异丙酚-瑞芬太尼进行全凭静脉麻醉，可缩短清醒时间，有效地防止手术结束后麻醉苏醒期病人的躁动。     

异丙酚复合芬太尼或瑞芬太尼靶控静脉麻醉与静吸复合麻醉对比分析

目的:分析探讨异丙酚复合芬太尼或瑞芬太尼靶控静脉麻醉与静吸复合麻醉的临床效果。方法:选取2014年6月至2015年12月期间在该院接受手术治疗的患者126例,按照随机数字表法分成3组,A组42例,予以异丙酚复合芬太尼靶控静脉麻醉,B组42例,予以异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控静脉麻醉,C组42例,予以静吸复合麻醉,对比3组患者术后清醒时间、呼吸恢复时间、定向力恢复时间以及疼痛评分。结果:可知A组、B组两组患者的术后清醒时间、呼吸恢复时间、定向力回复时间以及疼痛评分均相近,无显著性差异(P0.05),同时,两组患者的术后清醒时间、呼吸恢复之间以及定向力恢复时间均明显短于C组,疼痛评分明显低于C组(P0.05)。结论:以异丙酚复合芬太尼或瑞芬太尼靶控静脉麻醉的效果明显优于静吸复合麻醉,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.