间接血凝试验、间接荧光抗体试验及酶联免疫吸附试验测定班氏丝虫病抗体的效果比较

以班氏微丝蚴抗原作间接血凝、间接荧光抗体及酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对班氏丝虫病进行了血清学诊断,并对这些试验测定抗体的效价进行了比较。在检测流行区特定组血清的丝虫抗体方面,每种方法都各有其优越性,即间接血凝、间接荧光抗体及反ELISA对流行区正常人、微丝蚴阳性者和临床丝虫病人的血清,都分别出现了较多的阳性应。ELISA简便而敏感,可用可溶性抗原作丝虫病血清流行病学的研究。     

班氏丝虫微丝蚴分泌物和排泄物抗原作酶联免疫吸附试验的现场应用价值

班氏丝虫微丝蚴分沁物和排泄物抗原,用于酶联免疫吸附试验对班氏丝虫病流行区居民泸纸干血标本作过筛试验,与夜间血湿片检查法比较,相对敏感性为98％,而相对特异性为86％。白昼血标本也可作该试验,因此酶联免疫吸附试验能取代流行区麻烦的夜间查血。淋巴丝虫病感染目前唯一可行的诊断方法是查血膜(20μl)上的微丝蚴,就班氏丝     

基本消灭马来丝虫病后的监测

选择采用不同措施达到基本消灭马来丝虫病后的３个县为监测点进行病原学、蚊媒、血清学监测。结果基本消灭后５年内，共检出３３例微丝蚴血症，以后继续监测１２￣１６年，均未查出微丝蚴血症者；解剖中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊５０６６只，均未发现人体幼丝虫自然感染；３个点的血清平均抗体阳性率分别为１．７８％、１．８３％和１．４７％，与非流行区人群抗体水平一致，马来丝虫病流行被阻断。     

单克隆抗体Dot—ELISA检测斑氏丝虫病循环抗原

报道抗马来丝虫成虫代谢抗原（AWES5）杂交瘤细胞株的建立与初步鉴定。用马来丝虫成虫冰冻切片IFAT检查结果，虫体横切面外壁出现强烈的荧光反应，说明AWES5可能是抗虫体表现抗原的单克隆抗（McAb)，经鉴定免疫球蛋白亚类为IgG3。McAb-ES5用斑点酶联免疫吸附试验（Dot-ELISA)检测斑氏丝虫微丝幼血症77例，阳性75例，阳性率97．4％，斑氏丝虫晚期病人40例，阳性27例，阳性率67．5％。流行区正常人对照20例，阳性4例，阳性率20％，非流行区蛔虫感染31例为阴性反应。用Dot－ELISA可测血成虫抗原6．3pg/ml。实验结果证明，对检测丝虫病活动性感染有关。应用Dot－ELISA检测方法经济，简便易行，敏感性高，便于现场推广应用，对丝防后期检测残存传染源有实用价值。     

广东省基本消灭丝虫病后人群丝虫感染及抗体变化情况分析

目的 了解广东省基本消灭丝虫病后（1992-1999年）人群丝虫感染及其抗体变化情况。方法 选择10个监测点采用厚血片法进行病原学监测，并将监测点平均分成两组，分别采用间接免疫荧光抗体试验（IFAT）进行双年（A组），单年（B组）的血清学监测。结果 10个监测点共血检114437人，未发现微丝蚴血症，1992-1999年A组血清学监测4次，人群丝虫抗体最性率依次为6.48%,2.71%,2.52%及1.66%。B组共监测4次，人群丝虫抗体最性率依次为9.85%,5.42%,2.12%和1.56%。结论 广东省基本消灭丝虫病后10个监测点人群未发现微丝蚴血症，人群丝虫抗体阳性率呈逐年下降趋势，并已接近非流行区人群的抗体水平。     

韶关市丝虫病防治后期的流行病学研究

对韶关市及其所辖班氏丝虫病流行县进行病原学、血清学及媒介昆虫学的纵向观察和横向调查。血检５３２６８人，占流行区人口的１０．２６％，发现微丝蚴血症３例，平均微丝蚴率０．００６％。选择丝虫病流行较严重的乐昌县和乳源县进行纵向观察，人群微丝蚴率和蚊媒自然感染率均逐年下降。人群丝虫抗体阳性率从１９８６年的５２．８２％降为１９９０年的５．８０％，表明韶关市及所辖各县的班氏丝虫病传播已被阻断，基本消灭丝虫病后所残存的少数低微丝蚴密度患者已起不到传染源作用，因此可终止大规模综合性防治工作，加强监测则可达到消灭丝虫病目的。     

低浓度海群生药盐防治丝虫病的远期效果观察

目的为了解２‰海群生药盐防治丝虫病的远期效果。方法采用常规的病原学、血清学和蚊媒监测方法。结果１９８６～１９９６年１１年中开展了５次病原学监测,仅１９８６年检出微丝蚴血症者１７人;血清学（ＩＦＡ）检测１５１６人,平均阳性率２９７％,接近非流行区人群抗体水平;解剖致倦库蚊３６３５只,未检获蚴丝虫阳性蚊。结论表明低浓度海群生药盐防治丝虫病,其远期效果巩固,丝虫病的传播已处于阻断水平。     

广西丝虫病监测与考核结果

报告广西基本消灭丝虫病后１９８５～１９９５年监测及考核结果，人群微丝蚴率在逐年下降，分别由１９８５年的０．００７％下降至１９８６年的０．００１％和１９９０年的０．０００５％，其余各年未发现微丝蚴血症者；蚊媒亦未发现人体幼丝虫感染；ＩＦＡＴ检测人群年平均抗体阳性率为１．６９～３．９０％，与非流行区抗体水平相近。对１／３流行县、市进行现场考核亦未发现微丝蚴血症者，ＩＦＡＴ阳性率为１．７８～５．４４％，与各地历年监测结果相一致，表明广西丝虫病的传播已被阻断，流行已经终止，达到了消灭丝虫病的要求。     

浆糊、进口包埋剂包被丝虫成虫抗原检测班氏丝虫病人抗体的研究

我们应用马来丝虫长爪沙鼠动物模型取得的成虫，分别用浆糊、进口包埋剂包埋制备冰冻切片，以检测班氏丝虫微丝蚴病人血清抗体并进行比较，现将结果报告如下：     

和县丝虫病流行情况与防治效果

和县丝虫病流行情况与防治效果和县卫生防疫站（２３８２００）孙时文鲍家斌程刚刘小伏１流行概况１９５６～１９６０年血检１６７０２３人，查出微丝蚴血症（Ｍｆ＋Ｖｅ）３５０６人，微丝蚴率（ＭｆＲ２．０９％），治疗２７６９４人次。１９７２～１９７３年血检５５７...     

免疫色谱技术在班氏丝虫病监测中的应用研究

目的　评估免疫色谱快速诊断技术 (ICT)用于班氏丝虫病防治后期监测的效果。方法采用ICT对班氏微丝蚴血症者、其他寄生虫病患者等进行检测 ;对原班氏丝虫流行区和非流行区的 7～ 1 2岁人群用ICT进行检测 ,阳性者用常规血检法检测微丝蚴 ;评价其灵敏度和特异性。结果　 6例班氏微丝蚴血症者ICT为阳性 ;3例微丝蚴阴性的象皮肿患者、4例马来丝虫微丝蚴患者和 51例其他寄生虫病患者ICT均为阴性 ,其灵敏度和特异性均为 1 0 0 %。在班氏丝虫病流行区监测试点用ICT检测 776人 ,阳性 1例 ;用常规血检法对该阳性者进行 3次血检和对其周围人群 58人血检 ,均未检出微丝蚴血症者 ;该阳性者经海群生间歇双疗程法治疗后 ,ICT检测为阴性。在非流行区用ICT检测 1 95人 ,全部阴性。结论　ICT快捷简便、灵敏度高、特异性强 ,可用于班氏丝虫病的诊断和监测。     

福建省基本消灭丝虫病后的监测结果与动态分析

福建省各县基本消灭丝虫病后，陆续开展了监测工作至１９８８年，全省达到基本消灭丝虫病的标准时，已监测９０１１９１人，查出微丝血症者２３９１人，１９８８年以后全省累计监测１８７０８２６人，查出微丝蚴血症得１２０３人，明显少于１９８８年以前监测中查出的人数；剖验蚊媒５３０１９８只，仅发现阳性蚊１９只，并已连续３年未发现阳性蚊；纵向监测点的２９例微线血症阳性者，１９９５年也全部自然转阴；人群血清抗丝虫抗体     

Determination of circulating filarial antigen using monoclonal antibody against Brugia malayi adult worm ES antigen with Dot-ELISA

A hybridoma cell line secreting monoclonal antibody (McAb) against Brugia malayi adult worm excretory-secretory antigen (AWES) was established. The identification of the Ig sub-classes showed that McAb AWES belongs to IgG. We developed a Dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) to detect circulating parasite antigens in human lymphatic filariasis. 75 of 77 (97.4%) bancroftian microfilaremia cases showed positive reaction. 27 out of 40 (67.5%) microfilarial patients with hydroceles, chyluria, or elephantiasis, and 20% of sera from asymptomatic residents of filariasis-endemic areas evidently contained filarial antigens. 31 of sera from non-endemic area with ascaris infection were all negative. The minimal amount of antigens in pool normal sera adding AWES antigen was detectable at 6.3 pg/ml. The results suggested that Dot-ELISA is a sensitive, specific, cheap and simple agent for use in epidemiological field studies.     

Vaccination with Setaria cervi 175 kDa collagenase induces high level of protection against Brugia malayi infection in jirds

A zinc containing metalloprotease, 175 kDa collagenase, purified from adult female Setaria cervi showed strong cross-reactivity with sera from putatively immune (PI) individuals (unpublished observation) and induced cytotoxicity to B. malayi L3 larvae and microfilariae by ADCC mechanism [Srivastava Y, Bhandari YP, Reddy MVR, Harinath BC, Rathaur S. An adult 175 kDa collagenase antigen of Setaria cervi in immunoprophylaxis against Brugia malayi. J Helminth 2004;78:347-52]. These preliminary observations suggested the immunoprotective nature of collagenase. To confirm the vaccine potential of this protease, a vaccine trial was conducted in jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) against human filarial parasite B. malayi. The vaccination resulted into a mean protection level of 75.86% and produced high level of protease neutralizing antibodies. Cytokine analysis in immune jirds sera suggested a mixed Th1/Th2 type cellular immune response whereas ELISA, immunoblotting and enzyme antibody inhibition assay revealed the presence of specific anti-collagenase antibodies. Taken together, all these results suggest that S. cervi 175 kDa collagenase could form the basis of an effective molecular vaccine against human lymphatic filariasis.     

上海市闵行区1994～2009年流动人口“三病”监测结果分析

目的分析闵行区1994～2009年外来流动人口"三病"监测结果 ,为外来流动人口"三病"检疫工作决策提供科学依据。方法收集1994~2009年闵行区各镇、街道外来流动人员"三病"检疫16年的监测数据进行统计分析。结果闵行区外来流动人口16年来"三病"监测总阳性率为3.10%,波动范围0.34%～28.05%,其中疟疾抗体阳性率最高,其次为血吸虫和丝虫;三病"阳性率呈现逐年下降趋势,其中1998～2000年略有回升,血吸虫抗体阳性率自2000年一直维持在1%以下,疟疾抗体阳性率自2003年起一直低于1%,自1999年起丝虫抗体滴度一直为0。结论目前,闵行区"三病"抗体检测阳性率已降至很低,建议采取主动监测和被动监测相结合的方法 ,以降低成本和提高效果。     

龙岩地区消灭丝虫病的防治策略及流行病学监测研究

目的；本文是龙岩地区消灭丝虫病的防治策略及流行病学监测工作的总结。方法；对全区各年度丝虫病防治监测资料及防治效果进行了统计分析。１９７６年后继续开展残存和输入性传染监测，并系统开展病原学，蚊媒和血清学横向和纵向监测。结果：病原横向监测流行乡镇覆盖率达７２．６５％，人群覆盖率达５．４６％。１９８９年监测点发现２例本地籍微丝蚴血症者已自然有，连续年未发现新病例，蚊媒监测无阳性蚊。     

Filaria dance sign and subclinical hydrocoele in two east African communities with bancroftian filariasis

During population-wide cross-sectional surveys for Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia, circulating antigenaemia, and clinical disease in a high and a low endemicity community in East Africa in 1998, a portable ultrasound scanner was used simultaneously to examine the scrotal tissue of the male populations (n = 422 and 328, respectively) for signs of adult worms. The overall microfilaria (mf) and circulating filarial antigen (CFA) prevalences in the scanned males were 30.8% and 53.6% in the high and 4.3% and 19.8% in the low endemicity community, respectively. During ultrasound examination, the filaria dance sign (FDS)--indicating the presence of live adult W. bancrofti worms--was observed in 16.1% and 6.7% of the males in these communities, respectively. This examination also revealed that subclinical hydrocoele (fluid accumulation in the scrotal sac, not detected during physical examination for clinical hydrocoele) was very common, affecting 25.3% and 15.5% of the examined males in the high and low endemicity community, respectively. Both of these ultrasonographic signs started to appear around the age of puberty and were most common in adults. In the high endemicity community, the prevalence and mean intensity of mf and CFA were considerably higher in FDS-positive than in FDS-negative adult males, whereas no obvious difference in these parameters was noted between adult males with and without subclinical or the combination of clinical and subclinical hydrocoele. Associations were less clear in the low endemicity community, probably because of the low number of infected individuals. The application of ultrasonography as a tool in bancroftian filariasis epidemiological field studies thus indicated that scrotal pathology may be much more common in endemic areas than hitherto reported.     

安徽省基本消除淋巴丝虫病后的流行病学监测研究

目的通过监测,发现、清除残存传染源,为消除丝虫病提供科学依据。方法各流行县(市、区)按照《安徽省丝虫病监测技术方案》的要求开展基本消除丝虫病后的横向、纵向的人群与蚊媒的病原监测。结果至2006年,安徽省丝虫病微丝蚴率已由基本消除丝虫病考核验收时的平均0.13%下降至零;82个县(市、区)开展消除丝虫病监测的持续时间都达到了基本消除丝虫病后10年以上;无微丝蚴血症后病原学监测范围,以县为单位都达到了覆盖流行乡镇30%以上和流行区人口3%以上。结论安徽省丝虫病传播已被阻断,达到消除丝虫病国家标准。     

Evaluation of the ICT whole-blood antigen card test to detect infection due to Wuchereria bancrofti in Sri Lanka

The sensitivity, specificity and cost effectiveness of an immunochromatographic card test (ICT, AMRAD) for the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis were estimated against 2 standard parasitological techniques: thick blood film (TBF) and Nuclepore membrane filtration (NMF). Individuals were selected from endemic localities in the Western Province (n = 213) and from the non-endemic Central Province (n = 29) of Sri Lanka. Blood was collected between 21:00 and midnight. Sixty microlitre of non-heparinized blood, and 1 mL and 100 microL of heparinized blood were used in TBF, NMF and ICT, respectively. NMF was positive in 31.5% (67/213) of the endemic group, with a mean microfilaria (mf) count of 343/mL (range 8-1782, SD 422). All 67 were positive by ICT (sensitivity 100%), but only 63 by TBF (sensitivity 94%). Among the endemic population there were 12 who were mf negative but antigen positive by ICT. There were, however, no false positives among the non-endemic controls, indicating the possibility that the ICT may in fact be more sensitive and 100% specific. Thus, ICT filariasis test appears to be more effective (both sensitive and specific) than TBF or NMF in diagnosing infection in lymphatic filariasis. The direct unit recurrent costs of the 2 survey tools, TBF and ICT, were US$ 0.30 (Rs. 27/=) and US$ 2.75 (Rs. 248/=), respectively. The high cost of the ICT may be offset by other factors that are difficult to cost.     

Immune responses to Brugia malayi paramyosin in rodents after DNA vaccination.

Immunization with recombinant Brugia malayi paramyosin protein (BM5) induces partial immunity to this filarial nematode in jirds. The present study examined the effects of intramuscular immunization with plasmid DNA that encodes BM5. DNA-immunized mice produced strong antibody and cell-mediated responses to paramyosin. The protective activity of DNA vaccination with BM5 was tested in jirds. Vaccinated jirds produced strong antibody responses to paramyosin, but adult worm recoveries after challenge were not decreased in vaccinated animals relative to controls. These studies show that DNA vaccination can induce immune responses to filarial antigens in rodents. Further efforts will be needed to achieve the goal of inducing protective immunity to filariasis with this promising new technology.