CT诊断真菌性鼻窦炎100例分析

目的回顾性总结真菌性鼻窦炎CT影像表现,并结合临床,探讨CT检查对诊断真菌性鼻窦炎的临床价值。方法收集100例确诊为真菌性鼻窦炎的病人资料并结合临床检查结果,与CT检查进行分析比较。鼻窦CT扫描采用骨窗和软组织窗扫描。结果 100例患者均为单侧鼻窦发病,其中真菌球型68例,慢性侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎4例,变应性真菌性鼻窦炎28例。CT扫描影像特点为鼻窦腔散在较均匀毛玻璃特征或极不规则的线状,有星状分布的钙化点;伴不同程度骨质吸收或结构不清;窦壁骨质侵蚀15例。病变延伸到邻近结构3例,其中1例累及眼眶。有2例侧颅底骨质吸收。鼻腔或鼻窦内分布黏蛋白与CT显示毛玻璃样高密度影一致。结论真菌性鼻窦炎的鼻窦CT扫描显示与其他鼻窦炎不同。CT检查有助于准确诊断真菌性鼻窦炎。     

变应性真菌性鼻窦炎的CT诊断

目的 探讨变应性真菌性鼻窦炎的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析12例经术后组织病理证实的变应性真菌性鼻窦炎，均经过CT检查。主要临床表现包括奶酪状黏涕、鼻阻塞感及鼻区痛。鼻内镜检查：12例受累侧鼻腔内均可见息肉、黏膜水肿，鼻窦腔内均见真菌分泌物。结果 变应性真菌性鼻窦炎累及半组鼻窦3例，累及全组鼻窦9例。CT平扫12例表现为鼻窦黏膜增厚；窦腔内充满软组织影，伴有不规则条状、匍行性或斑片状高密度影(软组织窗)，边界清楚，也可伴有云雾状高密度影(骨窗)，边界模糊；CT值80～110HU，平均92．5HU。11例鼻窦膨胀，窦壁骨质变形、变薄10例，8例窦壁骨质侵蚀。8例病变延伸到邻近结构，其中4例累及眼眶，2例累及颅内，2例同时累及眼眶和颅内。结论 半组或全组鼻窦充满软组织影，伴有多发典型的高密度影是诊断本病的特征性CT征象，根据此征象可能首先提出本病的诊断。CT不但可以准确显示病变累及的范围，也能够帮助与其他病变进行鉴别。     

鼻腔副鼻窦恶性肿瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨鼻腔副鼻窦CT检查方法和肿瘤的形态、密度、窦壁骨质破坏、周围脂肪层侵犯、窦腔外软组织肿块等征象在鼻腔副鼻窦恶性肿瘤中的诊断作用.材料与方法逐项对比观察分析经病理证实的鼻腔副鼻窦恶性肿瘤32例和良性肿物139例的CT表现.结果CT冠状位扫描显示15例恶性肿瘤破坏25个窦腔骨壁,20例腔外软组织肿块累及23个相邻部位.轴位扫描发现骨壁受累12例,有20个侧壁骨质显示破坏,15个腔外肿块累及18个相邻结构.恶性组和良性组突出于窦腔外的软组织肿块分别为71.9%和5.0%、窦壁骨质侵蚀性破坏59.4%和14.4%、窦腔周围脂肪层的侵犯消失56.3%和13.7%,而软组织肿块形态不规则和密度不均匀,两组间无显著差异.结论鼻腔副鼻窦腔外软组织肿块、侵蚀性骨质破坏和窦壁周围脂肪层的侵犯消失,是诊断鼻腔副鼻窦恶性肿瘤的可靠征象.冠状扫描观察解剖内容和病变侵犯范围优于轴位扫描.     

CT窗技术在鼻渊病变的应用价值

目的探讨CT窗技术在鼻渊辨证分型中的作用。方法观察门诊收治的40例鼻渊患者,通过常规骨窗、软组织窗、肺窗、脑组织窗分别观察鼻窦腔的病变特征,以窦口闭塞、粘膜增厚、窦腔积液,积液性状、皂泡形成,窦腔内钙化等阳性征象为观察指标,并对各指标比较不同窗技术下检出阳性率。结果上颌窦口发生闭塞、粘膜发生增厚、发生钙化占比以骨窗检出最高,脑组织窗观察积液的性状最好,肺窗适用于观察发生皂泡改变,在观察积液有无,上述四个窗无显著差异。结论中医整体观指导下应用骨窗、软组织窗、肺窗、脑组织窗,可以更全面显示病变解剖和中医证候,有利于辨证分型。     

低剂量CT扫描在儿童副鼻窦炎的应用

目的探讨儿童副鼻窦炎低剂量CT的表现并对其病因进行初步分析,以减少儿童X线检查的辐射剂量,协助临床诊断。方法回顾性分析50例副鼻窦炎儿童。分2组,30例使用低剂量:60~80 k V,20例使用常规剂量:80~120 k V。所有患者均观察鼻窦炎症的病变累及范围、周围组织情况,分析不同CT剂量其对副鼻窦的显示情况。结果 CT检查患者中单组鼻窦炎症27例(占54%),以上颌窦最常见;多组鼻窦炎症23例(占46%),常规剂量患者得到信噪比较高图像,但所接受射线量较大。低剂量扫描大大地减少了儿童的辐射剂量,图像均能达到临床诊断要求。结论低剂量CT检查能准确显示儿童副鼻窦炎的鼻窦黏膜改变及邻近鼻腔鼻窦的解剖关系。CT检查,有助于熟悉儿童副鼻窦解剖及病因诊断;使用低剂量检查,既能减少儿童检查所受剂量,又能临床提供影像学依据。     

螺旋CT三维后重建技术在颌面骨折中的应用

目的:探讨螺旋CT容积再现技术(volume rendering technique,VRT)和多平面重建(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR)在颌面骨折中的应用价值。方法:对90例颌面部骨折病例行螺旋CT薄层扫描,VRT及MPR重建,分析其病变显示率和空间显示效果。结果:90例颌面部外伤病例共有203处骨折,VRT图像显示骨折187处,不能显示骨折16处,漏诊率7.88%;MPR图像显示全部骨折,通过调节窗宽窗位显示副鼻窦腔和软组织病变。结论:螺旋CT薄层扫描及后处理技术在颌面外伤病例中可做为常规检查,VR与MPR相结合能提高诊断准确率,对于临床诊断和治疗具有实际应用价值。     

鼻窦真菌球的 CT 及磁共振成像表现

目的：探讨鼻窦真菌球的CT、磁共振成像（MRI）特征性表现及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析35例经手术、组织病理学证实的鼻窦真菌球的影像学资料,35例患者均做CT平扫,其中4例做MRI平扫加增强扫描。结果鼻窦真菌球的主要CT表现为：①病变为单侧性（100%）;②病变部位以上颌窦为主（80%）,部分突入同侧鼻腔;其次为蝶窦（14%）;③病变窦腔内不均匀软组织密度影充填,其内可见呈斑点状、云絮状或条带状高密度钙化影（89%）;④局限性骨质增生（74%）及破坏（9%）。 MRI表现为：病变中心T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈低信号,周围增厚黏膜T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,增强扫描病变中心不强化,周围增厚黏膜明显强化。结论病变内钙化影是本病特征性的CT征象,是诊断该病较为可靠的依据,CT检查是诊断本病的重要手段;MRI能显示病变内真菌球的范围,有助于诊断。     

实验性间接性颞下颌关节损伤的高分辨率CT研究

目的建立间接性颞下颌关节损伤(TMJI)动物模型,探讨CT在TMJI诊断中的应用.方法对成功的18只TMJI模型兔,用GE 9800 CT机按设计的分组方法进行1.5 mm薄层连续冠状面扫描,用4种不同窗宽/窗位观察并进行关节盘区CT值测量.结果骨窗显示骨折好,重建前后区别不大.软组织窗显示TMJ脂肪囊好.Detail窗显示关节盘好,而且关节盘区最佳窗宽/窗位为400 Hu/100 Hu.TMJ脂肪囊内不均匀高密度为CT诊断关节盘破裂时具有特征的间接征象.TMJI实验组CT值高于对照组(P＜0.01).而在不同时间相比,伤后1W实验组CT值高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论CT对TMJI的骨折及关节盘区软组织改变显示优越.一定程度上也可显示关节盘破裂.     

多排螺旋CT在早期喉癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨早期喉癌多层螺旋CT(MSCT)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析28例经病理证实的小喉癌患者MSCT资料,评价其图像质量并比较不同窗技术图像及CT仿真喉镜(CTVL)图像对病变的显示情况。结果28例早期喉癌中,常规软组织窗显示病变20例(69%),宽窗显示病变24例(81%),CTVL显示病变27例(93%)。结论MSCT能有效显示喉癌,可常规用于喉癌检查。     

CT、MRI对骨原发性尤文肉瘤新辅助化疗前后疗效的评价

【摘要】目的:探讨CT与MRI对骨原发性尤文肉瘤新辅助化疗前后疗效评价的差异,为临床评价化疗效果和手术方案提供一定参考。方法:回顾性分析我院及外院经穿刺或手术病理证实为尤文肉瘤的24例患者的临床及影像资料,所有患者化疗前后均行CT和MRI检查。结果：MRI各序列能更好地显示化疗前后骨及周围软组织的差异,CT骨窗及软组织窗对骨内病灶缩小（7例）和周围软组织肿块缩小（5例）的显示效果明显不如MRI（分别为15例和10例）,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);MRI对骨内及周围软组织病灶范围的显示明显优于CT,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但CT（8例）对骨质破坏情况及化疗后新生骨的显示优于MRI（5例）。结论：CT及MRI各序列检查均可应用于评估骨原发性尤文肉瘤的化疗效果,CT对骨内病灶对骨破坏程度的显示优于MRI,MRI对小病灶的显示明显优于CT,建议将两者结合应用于评估骨原发性尤文肉瘤的化疗效果。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.