原发性高血压患者血清瘦素及脂联素水平与肾素-血管紧张素相关性探讨

目的:分析原发性高血压患者血清瘦素及脂联素水平与肾素-血管紧张素的相关性,探讨血清瘦素及脂联素在原发性高血压发病中的病理生理机制。方法:原发性高血压组90例,其中24例为原发性高血压Ⅰ级,32例原发性高血压Ⅱ级,34例原发性高血压Ⅲ级,对照组56例,采用放射免疫方法测定血清瘦素、脂联素、血浆肾素(PRA)和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)浓度。结果:高血压组瘦素、PRA、AngⅡ均高于对照组(P0.05),瘦素与PRA、AngⅡ正相关(P0.01),而脂联素低于对照组(P0.05),与PRA、AngⅡ负相关(P0.01)。结论:原发性高血压的发生与血清瘦素、脂联素及肾素-血管紧张素水平有密切关系。     

寒冷气候对正常妊娠及子痫前期孕妇循环肾素和血管紧张素Ⅱ的影响及意义

目的:探讨寒冷季节正常妊娠和子痫前期孕妇循环肾素(PRA)和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的水平的变化.方法:采用放射免疫分析方法检测孕妇血浆PRA和AngⅡ的水平.结果:与同季节型正常妊娠相比,冬季及过渡季型子痫前期组血浆PRA水平降低,过渡季型子痫前期组血浆AngⅡ水平降低,冬季型子痫前期组血浆AngⅡ水平升高(P均＜0.05);与过渡季型正常妊娠相比,冬季型正常妊娠AngⅡ水平升高(P＜0.05);与过渡季型子痫前期组相比,冬季型子痫前期组血浆AngⅡ水平升高(P＜0.01);各组血浆PRA水平均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:寒冷刺激时,子痫前期患者循环肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)显著激活,血浆AngⅡ升高,导致血管收缩增强,血管痉挛、组织缺血,可能是寒冷季节子痫前期发病率增高的原因之一.     

联合检测血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮、肾素、血浆凝集素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体-1、内皮素-1水平对原发性高血压的临床意义

目的通过检测原发性高血压(EH)患者的血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(ALD)、肾素(PRA)、血浆凝集素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体-1(LOX-1)和内皮素-1(ET-1)的水平变化,探讨上述各指标在EH诊断中的重要临床意义。方法选择EH患者293例作为EH组,分为高血压Ⅰ组155例,高血压Ⅱ组99例,高血压Ⅲ组39例;另选健康体检者150例作为正常对照组,测定血浆AngⅡ、PRA、ALD、ET-1、LOX-1的水平。结果 EH组高血压Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的血浆AngⅡ、ALD、PRA、LOX-1、ET-1水平高与正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。高血压Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组上述指标水平高于高血压Ⅰ组,高血压Ⅲ组高于高血压Ⅱ组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后较治疗前,上述指标明显降低;EH组联合检测的阳性率高达97.95%。结论血浆AngⅡ、ALD、PRA、LOX-1和ET-1可作为诊断EH的重要指标,联合检测对EH具有重要的诊断价值。     

北京某区中小学校负责人血浆肾素醛固酮血管紧张素Ⅱ水平分析

了解北京某区中小学校领导血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮活性水平,为制定高血压病的治疗方案提供科学依据.方法 选取北京某区2010年参加健康体检的121名中小学领导的体检资料,用放射免疫法测定血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮活性水平.结果 高血压组与正常血压组血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮活性水平差异均无统计学意义(P值均> 0.05).血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ水平男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而血浆肾素、醛固酮活性浓度男女间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论 中小学校领导血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮活性水平对高血压病的影响不显著.高血压病治疗时需采取联合措施.     

血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮含量在原发性高血压病患者治疗前后的临床意义

目的 探讨血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮水平在高血压病患者治疗前后的临床意义。方法 选择原发性高血压病人122例，其中轻型20例，中型78例，重型24例，分别于治疗前后用放射免疫方法测定血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD含量。结果 高压组血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD含量明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）；轻、中、重型三组血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD含量呈逐步升高态势，组间相互比较有显著性和非常显著性意义（P〈0．05～0．01）；治疗后血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD含量有较明显的降低，与治疗前比较有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论 降低原发性高血压患者血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD含量是治疗高血压病的关键；血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD是监测原发性高血压病疗效的可靠而且灵敏的指标。     

肾素活性、血管紧张素和醛固酮在两种继发性高血压患者中的作用

目的研究肾素活性(Plasma renin activity,PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)和醛固酮(ALDosterone,ALD)在不同类型高血压患者血清水平。方法选择2015年1月—2016年1月在武汉大学人民医院内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病合并高血压患者50例为A组,肾病内科住院的肾性高血压患者28例为B组,心血管内科住院的原发性高血压患者63例作为对照定为C组。研究比较3组患者血清肾素血管紧张素醛固酮水平,采用多因素和单因素回归分析研究其与微量白蛋白尿之间的关系。结果 3组间比较发现,肾性高血压患者发病年龄为(45.55±18.52)岁,较原发性高血压和糖尿病合并高血压更小,年龄差异有统计学意义(F=2.36,P<0.05)。3组间比较发现,血清ALD水平差异无统计学意义(F=2.41,P>0.05),血清糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1C)、随机血糖(Glu)、AngⅡ和PRA水平差异有统计学意义(F=145.23、71.19、3.37、8.18,均P<0.05)。各组间两两比较发现,C组血清AngⅡ、ALD、PRA水平与B组间比较差异有统计学差异(P<0.05),C组血清Hb A1C、随机Glu水平与A组间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。肾素血管紧张醛固酮在肾性高血压组微量白蛋白尿危险相关因子的单因素和多因素分析发现血清AngⅡ、ALD、PRA与微量白蛋白尿显著相关(P<0.05);肾素血管紧张醛固酮在糖尿病合并高血压组单因素分析发现年龄、病程、血清AngⅡ、ALD、PRA、随机Glu与微量白蛋白尿显著相关(P<0.05),多因素分析发现病程、随机Glu、血清ALD水平与微量白蛋白尿显著相关(P<0.05)。结论肾性高血压发病年龄较原发性高血压及糖尿病导致高血压早;肾性高血压血清AngⅡ、ALD、PRA水平较原发性高血压及糖尿病导致高血压更高;血清AngⅡ、ALD、PRA是肾性高血压微量白蛋白尿危险相关因子;病程、随机Glu、ALD是糖尿病导致高血压微量白蛋白尿危险相关因子。     

高血压患者肾素活性、血管紧张素Ⅱ与心电图关系

目的探讨蒙古族人群高血压患者血浆肾素活性(PRA)和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)与缺血性心电图的关系。方法在蒙古族人群高血压现况调查的基础上,对468例高血压患者进行心电图检查、PRA和AngⅡ的检测;采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果缺血性心电图表现组的PRA 1.37 ng/(mL.h)低于非缺血性心电图表现组1.38 ng/(mL.h),但差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。缺血性心电图表现组的Ang Ⅱ(51.3 pg/mL)低于非缺血性心电图表现组(53.0 pg/mL),但差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析,各PRA和AngⅡ水平对缺血性心电图表现的OR值差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论在高血压患者中,PRA和AngⅡ水平与缺血性心电图表现均无关联。     

慢性收缩性心力衰竭患者血钠水平与血浆肾素、血管紧张素、醛固酮及脑钠肽水平的相关性

目的探索慢性收缩性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血钠水平与血浆肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)及脑钠肽(BNP)水平的关系。方法 125例于本院接受治疗的CHF患者被纳入研究,且按照其血钠水平分为低血钠组和正常血钠组,检测其血浆肾素(PRA)、血管紧张素(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(ALD)及脑钠肽(BNP)水平,并作相关性分析。结果低血钠组患者PRA、AngⅡ及ALD、BNP水平明显高于正常血钠组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);与NYHAⅡ级患者比较,NYHAⅢ级和NYHAⅣ级患者血钠水平均有明显降低,PRA、AngⅡ及ALD、BNP水平均有明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);而与NYHAⅢ级患者比较,NYHAⅣ级患者血钠水平均有明显降低,PRA、AngⅡ及ALD、BNP水平均有明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);血钠水平与患者PRA、AngⅡ及ALD、BNP水平均呈显著负相关(r值分别为-0.422、-0.367、-0.499、-0.622,P0.05)。结论慢性收缩性心力衰竭患者低血钠水平可能会促进RAAS及神经内分泌激素激活。     

高血压矿工血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮和皮质醇水平的分析

目的　对煤矿工人血浆肾素活性 (PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngⅡ )、醛固酮 (ALD)和皮质醇 (CORT)水平进行分析 ,探讨矿工高血压发病的因素和机制。方法　对地面与井下作业的煤矿工人进行问卷调查和血压、身高、体重的测量 ,用放射免疫测定法测定研究对象的血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD和CORT水平。结果　高血压组血浆PRA、AngⅡ和ALD水平显著高于非高血压组 (均P <0 0 1) ,矿工平均动脉血压与血浆PRA、AngⅡ和ALD水平呈显著正相关 (r =0 3 71、r =0 412和r =0 3 5 2 )。在高血压患者中 ,井下作业组血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD和CORT水平显著高于地面作业组 (均P <0 0 1) ,且井下作业组中又以安装维修组最高 ,CORT与AngⅡ水平呈显著正相关 (r =0 5 89) ;高盐饮食组血浆PRA、AngⅡ和ALD水平显著高于正常饮食组 (均P <0 0 1) ,而年龄、工龄、家族史、体重指数、吸烟和饮酒等因素对高血压患者血浆PRA、AngⅡ和ALD水平均无显著性影响。结论　煤矿井下作业可能作为一种应激刺激 ,在高盐饮食协同作用下 ,通过肾素 血管紧张素 醛固酮系统介导引发矿工高血压的发病。     

慢性心功能不全缬沙坦治疗最佳剂量研究

目的:探讨缬沙坦治疗慢性心功能不全的最佳剂量.方法:将102例慢性心功能不全患者随机分为A、B、C三组,每组34例,在基础治疗后分别给予80 mg/d、160 mg/d、320 mg/d的缬沙坦治疗,治疗4周、12周后观察脑钠肽(BNP)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、血浆肾素(PRA)及左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、左室射血分数(LVEF)变化,并观察不良反应发生情况.结果:4周、12周后B组、C组BNP、AngⅡ、PRA、LVEDVI低于A组(P＜0.05),LVEF高于A组(P＜0.05);4周后B、C组BNP、AngⅡ、PRA、LVEDVI、LVEF比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但12周后C组LVEF高于B组(P＜0.05);A组、B组不良反应发生率低于C组(P＜0.05).结论:160 mg/d缬沙坦治疗能明显逆转慢性心功能不全患者心室重构,改善心功能,而且不良反应少.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.