低频重复经颅磁刺激在帕金森病康复治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激在帕金森病康复治疗中的应用价值及电生理学研究方法。方法选择56例符合纳入条件的帕金森病患者,随机分为常规药物治疗和康复训练组(A组)及常规治疗辅助低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗组(B组),连续治疗3周后评价两组患者统一帕金森病评价量表(UPDRS)评分、静息阈值、皮质潜伏期、神经根潜伏期、中枢运动传导时间和不良反应发生率。结果与A组相比,低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗后B组患者UPDRS评分降低,精神行为情绪、日常生活活动能力和运动功能改善,组间差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),与此同时静息阈值升高、皮质潜伏期和中枢运动传导时间延长,差异亦有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病疗效确切、安全可靠、不良反应少,可作为一项无创性物理治疗帕金森病的措施。     

高频重复经颅磁刺激对帕金森病患者情绪障碍及P300电位的影响

研究背景以往研究显示高频重复经颅磁刺激可以明显改善帕金森病患者运动功能,但帕金森病晚期非运动性症状给患者带来更为严重的影响,因此研究高频重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病患者情绪和认知功能障碍等非运动性症状的临床疗效具有重要意义。方法共纳入65例诊断明确的帕金森病患者,根据统一帕金森病评价量表(UPDRS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和P300波,评价高频重复经颅磁刺激对患者精神行为和情绪、日常生活活动能力及运动功能的改善作用。结果与治疗前相比,帕金森病患者UPDRS总评分(t=10.872,P=0.000)和UPDRSⅠ(t=4.538,P=0.023)、UPDRSⅡ(t=8.846,P=0.012)、UPDRSⅢ(t=9.114,P=0.000)评分降低。患者焦虑和抑郁发生率由治疗前的52.46%(32/61)降至29.51%(18/61),认知功能障碍发生率由治疗前的42.62%(26/61)降至32.79%(20/61),HAMA(t=3.692,P=0.000)和HAMD(t=4.241,P=0.000)评分显著降低,但幻觉发生率由治疗前的18.03%(11/61)升至29.51%(18/61)。P300波潜伏期(t=5.924,P=0.000)和波幅(t=8.512,P=0.000)与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论高频重复经颅磁刺激能够减轻帕金森病患者焦虑和抑郁状态,改善其认知功能。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病临床效果Meta分析

目的评价重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病的临床效果。方法以经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation or TMS)、帕金森病(Parkinson's disease or PD)、随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial)为中英文检索词分别检索美国国立医学图书馆、荷兰医学文摘、Ovid MEDLINE、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据库、中国知识基础设施工程等国内外知名数据库1999-2013年发表的有关经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病的文献,最终共计纳入16篇,中文4篇、英文12篇,根据高频(1 Hz)和低频(≤1 Hz)磁刺激分别进行Meta分析。结果 16篇文献共纳入455例帕金森病患者,试验组(经颅磁刺激组)236例、对照组219例。经高频和低频磁刺激治疗后,两组患者统一帕金森病评价量表(UPDRS)总评分差异具有统计学意义(WMD=.5.010,95%CI:.7.370~.2.650,P=0.000;WMD=.6.140,95%CI:.8.750~.3.530,P=0.000)。经高频磁刺激治疗后,两组患者UPDRSⅢ评分(WMD=.4.380,95%CI:.8.260~.0.500;P=0.003),日常生活活动能力量表评分(WMD=.3.740,95%CI:.4.660~.2.820;P=0.000)差异有统计学意义,而简易智能状态检查量表评分差异无统计学意义(WMD=0.260,95%CI:.0.660~1.180;P=0.580)。经低频磁刺激治疗后,两组患者UPDRSⅢ评分差异无统计学意义(WMD=.2.160,95%CI:.5.010~0.690;P=0.370)。结论重复经颅磁刺激可以改善帕金森病患者部分临床症状,提高生活质量,但未发现其对精神症状有效。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病失眠患者临床分析

目的探讨帕金森病合并失眠患者应用重复经颅磁刺激技术治疗的效果及预后。方法选取帕金森合并失眠的患者80例,采取数字表抽取法随机分组,对比分析神经内科常规治疗方案(对照组,n=40)与联合重复经颅磁刺激技术治疗(观察组,n=40)的效果及预后。结果观察组总有效率经评定高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗前帕金森病统一评分量表(UPDRS)各维度评分经评测无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗后各测验分值均有所降低,观察组降低程度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗前睡眠质量量表(PSQI)各维度评分经评测无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗后各维度评测分值均不同程度降低,观察组降低程度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗前神经递质多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗后各测验值均有所升高,观察组更为显著(P<0.05)。2组间不良反应比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论重复经颅磁刺激可提高帕金森合并失眠患者总有效率,改善临床症状,提高睡眠质量,且具有较高安全性。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病后抑郁的疗效观察

目的观察重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对帕金森病(PD)后抑郁的临床疗效。方法将我院收治的68例PD后抑郁的患者随机分为2组,对照组给予常规抗PD治疗药物,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上联合rTMS治疗,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)对治疗前后2组患者抑郁状态及生活、运动功能进行对比。记录治疗组患者rTMS治疗的不良反应。结果治疗组治疗前后HAMD及UPDRS评分显著降低;治疗组HAMD评分较对照组显著降低(P<0.05);治疗组不良反应轻微。结论 rTMS治疗PD后抑郁安全有效,值得临床推广。     

重复经颅磁刺激联合认知行为疗法对帕金森病非运动症状的疗效

目的评价重复经颅磁刺激联合认知行为疗法对帕金森病非运动症状的疗效。方法选取2014-02—2016-03我院收治的帕金森病患者67例,随机分为2组,其中观察组34例选用重复经颅磁刺激联合认知行为疗法进行治疗,对照组33例仅选用认知行为疗法进行治疗,观察并比较2组患者治疗后HAMD(汉密尔顿抑郁量表)、HAMA(汉密尔顿焦虑量表)(PSQI)及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数。结果治疗后,观察组HAMD评分为(7.32±0.47)分,HAMA评分为(5.59±0.34)分,对照组HAMD评分为(11.22±1.79)分,HAMA评分为(8.49±1.23)分,观察组HAMD、HAMA评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在PSQI评分方面,观察组PSQI总分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论重复经颅磁刺激联合认知行为疗法对于帕金森病非运动症状具有较好的疗效,能够有效减轻患者焦虑、抑郁症状,提高睡眠质量,值得临床推广应用。     

重复经颅磁刺激对首发精神分裂症患者血清脑源性神经营养因子的影响

目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激治疗对首发精神分裂症患者血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的影响。方法将102例首发精神分裂症患者纳入本次研究,按照随机数表分为对照组和试验组,分别实施常规治疗和重复经颅磁刺激治疗。观察2组治疗前后BDNF1、BDNF2和BDNF3水平变化、治疗前后精神分裂症阳性和阴性症状量表评分及临床疗效。结果治疗后2组各项因子水平均较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),试验组血清BDNF1、BDNF2和BDNF3水平均远高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后试验组各量表评分显著低于对照组(P0.05);总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论首发精神分裂症患者中采用重复经颅磁刺激治疗能够显著改善BDNF水平,减轻症状疗效改善显著。     

低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病伴疼痛疗效观察

目的探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗帕金森病伴疼痛的有效性和安全性。方法2016年6月至2018年6月共治疗56例帕金森病伴疼痛患者,随机分为常规药物治疗并假刺激组(对照组)和常规药物辅助低频(0.50 Hz)重复经颅磁刺激组(rTMS组),并根据统一帕金森病评价量表(UPDRS)、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、国王帕金森病疼痛评价量表(KPPS)以及汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项(HAMD-24)评分评价疗效,记录不良事件。结果两组患者治疗后VAS评分(F=15.398,P=0.000)和KPPS评分(F=13.483,P=0.001)低于治疗前,其中KPPS量表仅骨骼肌疼痛(F=8.245,P=0.008)、慢性疼痛(F=7.376,P=0.007)和神经根性疼痛(F=3.156,P=0.008)评分治疗后低于治疗前;治疗后rTMS组VAS评分(F=6.237,P=0.045)和KPPS评分(F=343.872,P=0.000)低于对照组,其中KPPS量表仅骨骼肌疼痛(F=7.145,P=0.020)和慢性疼痛(F=6.325,P=0.014)评分低于对照组。治疗期间rTMS组出现短暂性血压升高(1例)和短暂性头痛(1例),两组不良事件发生率差异无统计学意义[7.14%(2/28)对0(0/28);校正χ2=0.519,P=0.471]。结论低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病伴疼痛疗效确切,尤以缓解骨骼肌疼痛和慢性疼痛效果最佳,远期效果尚待进一步观察,安全性良好,但作用机制尚不明确。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗早期帕金森病患者抑郁及睡眠障碍的临床研究

目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)治疗早期帕金森病(PD)抑郁及睡眠障碍的临床疗效。方法选取Hoehn-Yahr分级1~2级的PD患者64例,按照随机数字表法随机分为治疗组(31例)和假刺激组(33例)。治疗组用r TMS 5 Hz高频刺激患者双侧前额叶背外侧(DLPFC)区共10 d,假刺激组接受假刺激治疗共10 d。观察治疗前后两组患者的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、PD睡眠量表(PDSS)、PD统一评定量表第Ⅲ部分(UPDRSⅢ)、外周血IL-6水平、脑内神经递质5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)含量的变化。结果与治疗前相比,治疗组患者治疗后及治疗后1个月时HAMD评分、UPDRSⅢ评分均明显降低;PDSS评分均明显升高(均P0.05)。与假刺激组同时间点相比,治疗组患者治疗后及治疗后1个月时HAMD评分、UPDRSⅢ评分均明显降低;PDSS评分均明显升高(均P0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗组患者治疗后外周血IL-6水平及脑内5-HT、NE、DA水平均显著升高(均P0.05)。与假刺激组同时间点相比,治疗组患者治疗后外周血IL-6水平及脑内5-HT、NE、DA水平均显著升高(均P0.05)。结论高频r TMS刺激DLPFC区可短期改善早期PD患者的抑郁及睡眠障碍。     

帕金森病脑深部电极植入术后程控参数与疗效相关性研究

目的分析丘脑底核-脑深部电刺激术(STN-DBS)治疗帕金森病的术后程控参数及效果,为帕金森病STN-DBS术后程控及术后管理提供参考。方法纳入2012~2018年就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院87例患者,应用UPDRS-Ⅲ评分UPDRS-II日常生活活动评分UPDRS-I精神行为情绪评分量表MMSE简易精神量表PDQ-39生活质量评分量表分析手术前后帕金森病患者运动及非运动症状改善情况,评估程控参数的设置对帕金森病人症状改善及生活质量改善作用。结果帕金森病患者与术前相比,患者术后UPDRSⅠ评分UPDRSⅠⅡ评分UPDRSⅢ评分UPDRSⅣ评分改善明显,手术后随访至今,患者症状改善稳定,生活质量明显提高。结论 STN-DBS是一种安全,有效治疗帕金森病的方法,并减少药物的剂量及药物所致副作用,术后程控是脑深部电极植入器治疗的重要一环。     

Therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

The therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (r-TMS) on clinical performance was studied in 8 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Seven patients were used as controls and underwent sham stimulation. The modified Hoehn and Yahr (H & Y) Staging Scale, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were used to assess changes in clinical performance. Eight patients were assessed prior to and following 3, 6 and 9 months of R-TMS. R-TMS was applied manually 60 times (30 times each side) to the frontal areas using a large circular coil, a pulse intensity of 700 V, and a frequency of 0.2 Hz. Sessions were performed once weekly for 9 months. The 7 control patients showed no differences in clinical symptoms between initial evaluations and evaluations after 3 months of sham R-TMS. In all 8 patients, the modified H & Y staging and UPDRS scores decreased significantly, and the Schwab and England ADL Scale increased significantly after 3, 6 and 9 months of R-TMS therapy. These results suggest that R-TMS is beneficial for the treatment of Parkinsonian symptoms.     

Metric attributes of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale 3.0 battery: part II, construct and content validity.

This article is the second of a two-part series concerning the metric properties of the following three Parkinson's disease (PD) scales: modified Hoehn and Yahr staging (H&Y), Schwab and England (S&E), and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) 3.0. Part II focuses on construct and content validity. To assess construct validity, a sample of 1,136 PD patients completed the above-mentioned PD scales. Correlation coefficients between measures of disability and dysfunction [S&E, UPDRS Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and UPDRS Motor Examination] were |r| = 0.69-0.77, indicating good convergent validity. Results showed that the S&E (F(5,945) = 193.47; P < 0.0001) and UPDRS subscales discriminated between modified H&Y stages (F(20,2784) = 25.28; P < 0.001). A panel of 12 to 13 international experts rated the relevance of the scales and items. This enabled the scales' content validity index to be calculated, which ranged from 41.7% (UPDRS Mentation) to 83.3% (UPDRS Motor Examination). In conclusion, while the modified H&Y, S&E, and UPDRS displayed satisfactory construct validity, the content validity of all scales except UPDRS Motor Examination failed to attain adequate standards.     

Therapeutic effect and mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease

The therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on clinical performance was assessed by a double-blind study in 9 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Nine other patients underwent sham stimulation as controls. The modified Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) staging scale, the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, and the Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) were used to assess changes of clinical performance. Patients were assessed prior to and following 2 months of rTMS. In addition, the mechanism of rTMS was investigated by dopamine and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 17 patients before and after therapeutic rTMS for three or four months. rTMS was applied manually to the frontal areas 60 times per session, i. e., 30 times per side using a large circular coil, a pulse intensity of 700 V, and a frequency of 0.2 Hz. Sessions were continued once a week for 2 months. The 9 control patients showed no changes of symptoms between the initial evaluation and that after 2 months of sham rTMS. In contrast, all 9 patients receiving rTMS showed a significant decrease of the modified H&Y and UPDRS scores after 2 months, while the Schwab and England ADL Scale scores increased significantly. In the second CSF sample from patients receiving rTMS, HVA showed a significant decrease These results suggest that rTMS is beneficial for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and that it may act via inhibition of dopaminergic systems.

     

Determinants of quality of life in Brazilian patients with Parkinson's disease.

Our objective was to identify determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a cohort of Brazilian patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Patients were evaluated by means of the Hoehn and Yahr staging (H&Y), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Schwab and England scale (S&E), Mini-Mental State Exam, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). HRQol was assessed using the MOS-Short-Form 36 (SF-36), the Parkinson's disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), and the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Psychosocial Questionnaire (SCOPA-PS). 144 patients were evaluated (mean age 62 years; 53.5% men; mean duration of illness 6.6 years; median H&Y, 2 (range: 1-4). Mean SCOPA-PS and PDQ-39 Summary Index (SI) were 39.2 and 40.7, respectively. Both, PDQ-39 and SCOPA-PS SIs correlated at a moderate level (r = 0.30-0.50) with H&Y, S&E, total UPDRS, HADS subscales, and SF-36 Physical and Mental Components. PDQ-39 and SCOPA-PS were closely associated (r = 0.73). HRQoL significantly deteriorated as H&Y progressed, as a whole. Mood disturbances, disability, motor complications, and education were independent predictors of HRQoL in the multivariate analysis model. In PD Brazilian patients, HRQoL correlated significantly with diverse measures of severity. Depression showed to be the most consistent determinant of HRQoL, followed by disability, motor complications, and education years. There was a close association between the PDQ-39 and SCOPA-PS summary scores.     

The importance of educational and psychological factors in Parkinson''s disease quality of life

OBJECTIVE: To define the factors correlated with quality of life (QoL) in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). BACKGROUND: PD has a substantial impact on QoL. Although several clinical factors have been associated with QoL in PD, the influence of patient's education still remains controversial. METHODOLOGY: A consecutive series of patients with PD were examined using the unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS part I, II, III), Schwab and England (SE), and Hoehn and Yahr stage (H&Y). QoL was rated with the PDQ-39, cognition with the Mini-Mental State examination (MMSE), and the presence of depressive symptoms with the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Patient's characteristics, estimated cumulative levodopa dose (CLD), UPDRS, H&Y, MMSE and GDS were correlated with the PDQ-39 using univariate and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of one hundred 58 patients (68 men, 90 women) with a mean age of 65.6 +/- 9.3 years, PD duration of 8.1 +/- 10.6 years, and education of 6.6 +/- 3.9 years were included. The mean PDQ-39 was 48.8 +/- 27.8, mean MMSE was 25.7 +/- 4, and mean GDS was 11.7 +/- 6.8. Using stepwise multiple regression analysis, the most important predictive factors were depression, UPDRS part I, UPDRS part II, and educational background, which accounted for a 61% of the variability of the PDQ-39 scores. CONCLUSIONS: In our PD sample, educational, behavioural, and psychological factors influenced life satisfaction more than physical ones.     

Unilateral subthalamic stimulation for early-stage Parkinson's disease]

According to evidenced-based criteria, surgical treatment with subthalamic stimulation is indicated for advanced Parkinson's disease with severe motor complications. Currently, the treatment is indicated for patients in whom medical treatment has failed even if the patient is still in an early stage. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of unilateral subthalamic stimulation for patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease. We evaluated the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Schwab England ADL score before and 6 months after this treatment in 6 patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease demonstrating predominantly unilateral parkinsonian symptoms. We implanted a stimulation electrode (model 3387 or 3389) unilaterally on the side showing dominate symptoms, using both MRI and electrophysiological guidance. Six months after the beginning of stimulation, the UPDRS motor score without medication was improved by 64% and the Schwab England ADL score was improved by 23%. There were no adverse events except for asymptomatic intra-ventricular hemorrhage in one patient. Unilateral subthalamic stimulation is a useful treatment for patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease showing predominantly unilateral parkinsonian symptoms. However, long-term results of subthalamic stimulation for early-stage patients remain unclear.     

GPi pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease with drug-induced psychosis

Levodopa-induced psychosis may seriously threaten the ability of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to continue leading an independent life. A retrospective assessment of the therapeutic effects of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) pallidotomy on the activities of daily living (ADL) of seven PD patients presenting with mild or moderate degrees of psychosis was carried out. Their scores according to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part I-2 (maximum=4) were 2 or 3 (mean +/- SD=2.4 +/- 0.5). Bilateral procedure was needed in 5 out of 7 patients to obtain sufficient improvement of motor symptoms. At 3 months after surgery, UPDRS part III motor scores in the 'off' state were significantly decreased and motor fluctuations were abolished. Nevertheless, their score of Schwab and England (S-E) ADL scale scores responded poorly to the surgery, while the scores in other 12 patients without psychosis was significantly improved after pallidotomy. The data indicate that GPi pallidotomy ameliorates the motor symptoms in patients with drug-induced psychosis (DIP), but has no significant impact on their consequent daily activities. A regression model for all 19 patients who underwent pallidotomy revealed that postoperative S-E scale was affected by the preoperative UPDRS Part I-2 rather than by Part III motor score. The present study suggested that DIP, even if its degree is not severe, may be a limiting factor of the therapeutic potential of pallidotomy in patients with PD.     

双侧丘脑底核电刺激对帕金森病患者生活质量影响的研究

目的对给予丘脑底核(STN)电刺激治疗的帕金森病(PD)患者进行生活质量评估,以评价治疗的有效性及不同因素对生活质量的影响。方法41例接受双侧STN深部电刺激(DBS)治疗的PD患者分别于术前及术后12个月应用统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)、Hoehn和Yahr分期、Schwab和England日常生活活动量表、医院焦虑和抑郁量表(HADS)评价其临床情况;帕金森病生活质量问卷(PDQ-39)评价生活质量,并对统计结果进行配对t检验和Spearman相关性检验。结果UPDRS评分中日常生活活动、运动检查、并发症均有明显改善(P<0.001),而精神、行为和情绪无明显改善。HADS量表结果显示患者的焦虑及抑郁评分均有明显改善(P<0.001)。PDQ-39评分中运动、日常生活活动、情绪状态、身体不适、总评分等项均有明显改善(P<0.001),羞耻感也有改善(P<0.05)。相关性检验的结果提示与PDQ-39总评分变化程度成相关性的因素依次为:UPDRS运动检查“关”期(P<0.001), Schwab和England日常生活活动量表“关”期(P<0.001),UPDRS日常生活活动“关”期(P<0.01),HADS-抑郁(P< 0.05)。结论脑深部电刺激能明显改善PD患者的生活质量。     

Freezing of gait affects quality of life of peoples with Parkinson's disease beyond its relationships with mobility and gait.

The aim of this study was to examine the association between freezing of gait (FOG) and quality of life (QoL) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). PD patients (n = 118) completed the PDQ-39 (QoL) and FOG-Q questionnaires. Disease severity was assessed by the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) staging and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The relations between those parameters were assessed using regression models. 66 men and 52 women (mean age 65.8 +/- 10.2 years, UPDRS total score 48.4 +/- 17.1, disease duration 8.5 +/- 5.8 years, H&Y stage 2.7 +/- 0.8) participated. FOG severity had a significant effect on QoL (P < 0.0015), accounting for disease severity assessed by UPDRS. Specifically, FOG severity was correlated with all the dimensions of the PDQ-39 except for stigma and social support, as follows: with mobility, bodily discomfort, activity of daily living (ADL) (P < 0.005 in all), with emotional, communication, and cognition (P < 0.05 in all). FOG severity (FOG-Q) was also found to affect a modified PDQ total score, without the mobility aspect (P = 0.0081). FOG should be viewed as a highly important symptom with regard to QoL of PD patients beyond its effect on gait and mobility. On the basis of the present results, special attention should be given to FOG in the treatment of patients with PD.