结肠癌切除术中吻合器吻合与手法缝合临床资料分析

目的探讨结肠癌切除术中吻合器吻合与手法缝合的疗效。方法1998—2005年收治91例患者，根据临床表现分为梗阻组（观察组）41例，无梗阻组（对照组）50例，术中肠道灌洗后各组均分别进行吻合器吻合和手法缝合。结果两组均未发生吻合口漏。观察组：吻合器吻合出现2例切口感染，手法缝合出现4例吻合口狭窄。对照组：吻合器吻合出现1例切口感染，2例吻合口出血；手法缝合出现2例吻合口狭窄，3例切口感染。结论手法缝合与吻合器吻合均安全可靠，但前者更经济实惠，易被广大普通患者所接受。     

国产吻合器在食管癌和贲门癌术中预防吻合口瘘的应用

目的　探讨食管癌和贲门癌手术中预防吻合口瘘的有效方法 ,回顾性分析应用机械吻合术治疗食管癌和贲门癌的临床经验。方法　对 3 2 7例食管癌和贲门癌患者使用WGW系列吻合器行机械吻合 ,分析其对预防吻合口瘘的影响。结果　无手术死亡 ,发生并发症 3 1例 ,吻合口瘘发生率 0 6% ,吻合口瘘发生率低于手工缝合组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,吻合口狭窄发生率 1 5 % ,和手工缝合组无显著性差异。结论　提示机械吻合可减少吻合口瘘的发生率 ,缩短手术时间 ,降低手术难度。     

胃肠吻合器治疗胃癌临床观察分析

目的 对胃肠吻合器治疗胃癌临床治疗效果进行观察与分析.方法 选取从2012年4月-2013年4月收治患有胃癌的54例患者,将所有患者随机的分成对照组与治疗组,两组人数均为27例,治疗组患者使用胃肠吻合器吻合,对照组患者采取手法吻合,对比两组患者临床疗效,并对胃肠吻合器临床治疗效果进行分析.结果 在对照组的患者中,发生吻合口痿的患者有2例,在采取保守治疗方式以后痊愈,发生吻合口狭窄的患者有4例.在治疗组的患者中,吻合口位置出现缺血性改变的患者有1例,患者在通过二次吻合以后,吻合口基本上恢复正常,一次性吻合的患者有26例.两组患者都没有死亡的情况,也没有比较严重的并发症出现.结论在胃癌的治疗过程中,应用胃肠吻合器,可以使患者的治疗效果得到明显的提高,具有临床推广价值.     

食管胃器械吻合术后吻合口狭窄的原因和预防措施

目的临床分析经过食管胃器械吻合术患者,其术后的吻合口狭窄原因,以及预防措施.方法选取该院2009年3月—2011年3月经过食管胃器械吻合术后,其吻合口出现狭窄的45例患者,分析其手术技术、吻合器型号、吻合器结构、病变程度等.结果经过分析得知,吻合口狭窄患者,均由于26~29 mm型的吻合器所致,吻合口内径小于6 mm者有35例,约占81.5%,显示有钛钉排列错乱、扭曲环缩、肉芽瘢痕填充等现象.吻合器吻合与手法吻合后相比,其内径小8.5~10 mm,不具有扩张性.结论针对食管胃器械吻合术后吻合口狭窄患者,排除吻合技术、患者体质差异,由吻合器结构建议,选择垂直式吻合,单排可吸收钉,采用伞形可膨胀式.吻合切割后,消除其内外径8.5 mm差距.     

消化道吻合器和缝合器在消化道吻合时并发严重并发症的原因分析与处理

目的探讨消化道吻合器及缝合器在上消化道吻合的并发症及处理措施。方法回顾性分析某院自2008年1月～2010年1月收治的452例需行消化道吻合的老年患者,均给予消化道吻合及缝合,分析治疗临床效果,并发症及相应的处理措施。结果胃大部切除行胃-空肠吻合,吻合与缝合次数分别为139次及417次,时间为8.4 min;全胃切除行食管-空肠吻合,吻合与缝合次数分别为156次及312次,时间为10.6 min,近端胃大部切除吻合与缝合次数分别为139次及278次,时间为12.1 min。本组发生并发症10例,发生率为2.2%,吻合口狭窄4例,吻合口出血3例,术后吻合口瘘4例。结论消化道吻合器及缝合器在上消化道吻合中出现并发症与多种因素有关,适当处理可减少并发症的出现。     

全腹腔镜三角吻合与辅助小切口管状吻合在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术毕Ⅰ式吻合术的效果比较

目的比较全腹腔镜下三角吻合与辅助小切口管状吻合在远端胃癌根治术毕Ⅰ式吻合的效果。方法回顾性分析2014年3月—2017年3月我科收治胃窦癌59例,其中采用毕Ⅰ式吻合19例,全腹腔镜下胃十二指肠三角吻合术6例(实验组)与小切口管状吻合胃十二指肠术13例(对照组)患者的临床资料,对两组患者年龄、BMI、术前营养状况,手术时间、手术出血量、术后病理分期、并发症、术后疼痛等级、住院时间进行比较。结果所有手术均按计划顺利完成,实验组在消化道重建时间、术后第1天、第2天疼痛等级评分、术后住院天数方面与对照组比较存在差异(P <0. 05)。在手术时间、术中出血量、术后首次排气时间、术后第3天疼痛评分均无明显差异(P> 0. 05)。两组术后均无出现吻合口出血、吻合口瘘、吻合口梗阻明显恶心、呕吐症状,胃排空障碍并发症。结论全腹腔镜下三角吻合在远端胃癌根治术毕Ⅰ式中安全可行的,比辅助小切口管状吻合具有创伤小、恢复快,疼痛轻的优势。     

经右胸入路食管癌根治术两种吻合方式治疗中下段食管癌的疗效对比

目的比较经右胸入路食管癌根治术食管胃胸腔内吻合、食管胃颈部吻合两种吻合方式治疗中下段食管癌的疗效。方法选取2015年2月-2016年2月于我院行经右胸入路食管癌根治术治疗的中下段食管癌患者70例,根据手术吻合方式不同分为对照组和观察组,各35例。对照组行食管胃胸腔内吻合,观察组行食管胃颈部吻合。统计两组患者手术相关情况、食管切除长度及切端癌残留率、术后并发症和术后随访情况。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后住院时间、术后放管时间明显少于对照组(P0.05)。观察组食管切除长度明显长于对照组,食管切端癌残留率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后切口感染、胃排空障碍、乳糜胸发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后肺部感染、吻合口瘘、喉返神经损伤发生率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组反酸、嗳气、胸痛、吻合口狭窄发生率及术后1年、2年生存率比较均无统计学差异(P 0.05)。观察组术后第3年生存率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论对于经右胸入路食管癌根治术治疗的中下段食管癌而言,食管胃颈部吻合能够达到与胸腔内吻合相当的治疗效果,尽管术后并发症相对较多,但其手术切除范围更广,切缘阳性率更低,远期生存率更高。     

消化道吻合器在食管外科中应用

本院1988~2000-07为食管贲门癌病人用消化道吻合器行食管胃吻合术共422例,其中发生胸内吻合口瘘11例(占2.6%),吻合口狭窄5例(占1.2%)与1980-01~1988-01手工吻合术相比较,吻合口瘘发生率下降49.2%,吻合口狭窄发生率下降68.5%,因而证明了消化道吻合器在预防吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄的重要作用。     

胃切除术后胃肠吻合方法的技术改进

目的 通过吻合器和吻合环的合理使用，改进胃切除术后胃肠吻合方法。方法 全胃或胃部分切除后，用吻合器或／和吻合环完成消化道重建，包括食管空肠吻合、食管胃吻合、胃十二指肠吻合、胃空肠吻合和空肠端侧吻合等。结果 本组用吻合器或／和吻合环完成消化道重建182例，均为一次获得成功。无吻合口漏、出血及感染。术后3∽12个月随访复查胃镜或钡餐，仅3例出现吻合口狭窄，余吻合口愈合良好。结论在胃切除后消化道重建中，与传统手工吻合相比，吻合嚣和吻合环有方便、怏捷、可 靠等优点，大大提高了探作效率，缩短了手术时间；并有利于防止吻合口瘘或狭窄等。作者认为只要病人经济条件允许，尽量使用一次性吻合器和吻合环。     

全胃切除使用吻合器致吻合口梗阻的临床分析

目的 探讨吻合器在经腹伞胃切除中使用不当致吻合口梗阻的原因及防治对策.方法 回顾性分析全胃切除中使用吻合器吻合致吻合口梗阻7例患者的临床资料.结果 2例患者因术中系膜缘空肠黏膜被误钉在吻合口上致吻合口梗阻,再次手术改手工吻合后治愈出院;2例患者因非吻合口处空肠黏膜被吻合器柄杆前端尖锐之探杆顶起,被误钉在吻合口上致吻合口梗阻,其中1例术后支持治疗病情好转,另1例术中发现上述情况,予再次手术后治愈出院;3例患者因切除较长下段食管,食管空肠端侧吻合后,肠管在食管裂孔处受压,致吻合口不全性梗阻,术后静脉营养支持治疗,并于术后1个月左右放置空肠营养管支持治疗后,病情逐步改善.结论 全胃切除术中使用吻合器吻合应注意操作细节,防止系膜缘空肠黏膜及非吻合口处空肠黏膜被误钉在吻合口上致吻合口梗阻;对需切除较长下段食管患者,术中适当扩大食管裂孔,有利于术后食物进入远端空肠.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.