Surgical management by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation for lumbo-sacral tuberculosis in the aged

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical study efficacy and feasibility of 17 aged patients with lumbo-sacral tuberculosis treated by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation.

Methods

17 aged patients who suffered from lumbo-sacral tuberculosis were admitted into our hospital between March 2003 and October 2010. All of them were treated by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation. Then the clinical efficacy with statistical analysis was evaluated based on the materials on the lumbo-sacral angle, neurological status that was recorded by Frankel grade system, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), which were collected at certain time.

Results

The average follow-up period was 47.5?±?17.1?months (17?C71?months), In the 17 cases, no postoperative complications related to instrumentation occurred and neurologic function was improved in various degrees. The mean preoperative lumbo-sacral angle was 20.5°?±?1.7° (range 18.0°?C23.0°). The lumbo-sacral angle became 29.1°?±?1.5° (range 26.4°?C31.0°) postoperatively. The average pretreatment ESR was 57.4?±?16.8?mm/h (33?C95?mm/h), which got normal (9.2?±?3.1?mm/h) within 3?months in all patients. All patients got bony fusion within 6?C8?months after surgery.

Conclusions

One-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation can be an effective treatment method for the treatment of lumbo-sacral tuberculosis in the aged patients.     

The role of costotransverse radical debridement,fusion and postural drainage in the surgical treatment of multisegmental thoracic spinal tuberculosis: a minimum 5-year follow-up

Purpose

We present a retrospective study of patients with multilevel contiguous tuberculous spondylitis of thoracic region that underwent single-stage posterolateral debridement and fusion and following posterior instrumentation.

Methods

From June 2000 to March 2009, 870 consecutive spinal tubercular patients including 36 patients who were diagnosed and treated as multilevel contiguous thoracic spinal tuberculosis in our institution. Apart from five patients being treated conservatively, the 31 cases received surgery by single-stage posterolateral debridement, fusion, following posterior instrumentation and postural drainage. The patients were evaluated based on the Frankel scoring system, kyphotic Cobb angle, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain score.

Results

The mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 79.2 ± 9.9 months (range 62–98 months). Neither mortalities nor any major complications were found. Solid bony fusion was achieved in all patients. No patients with neurological deficit deteriorated postoperatively. According to Frankel scoring system, 7 cases were rated as Grade D, 24 cases as Grade E at last follow-up. The average preoperative Cobb’s angle was 32° (range 21°–39°). The average early postoperative Cobb’s angle was 23° (range 15°–32°). The mean latest postoperative Cobb’s angle was 26° (range 20°–32°), with a small loss of correction at last follow-up. Pre-op VAS was 8.8 ± 0.7 (range 7–10) and final follow-up was 1.8 ± 1.1. There was a significant difference of VAS between preoperation and the final follow-up.

Conclusions

One-stage surgical treatment for multilevel contiguous spinal tuberculosis by posterolateral debridement, fusion, posterior instrumentation can be an effective and feasible treatment method.

     

Surgical treatment of thoracic spinal tuberculosis with adjacent segments lesion via one-stage transpedicular debridement, posterior instrumentation and combined interbody and posterior fusion, a clinical study

Purpose

To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of one-stage surgical treatment for thoracic spinal tuberculosis with adjacent segments lesion by internal fixation, transpedicular debridement, and combined interbody and posterior fusion via a posterior-only approach.

Materials and methods

Twenty-one patients (thirteen males, eight females) with thoracic tuberculosis whose lesions were confined to two adjacent segments were studied retrospectively. All patients were treated with one-stage surgical treatment by internal fixation, transpedicular debridement, and combined interbody and posterior fusion via a posterior-only approach. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale was used to assess neurological function. Thoracic Cobb angle was used to assess thoracic kyphosis. Operating time, blood loss, complications, neurological function, deformity correction and interbody fusion were investigated.

Results

Average mean operating time was 231.4 ± 31.9 min, and evaluated blood loss during operation was 880.2 ± 112.7 ml. All patients were followed up for 22–41 months postoperatively (average 29.8 ± 5.4 months). All patients had significant postoperative improvement in ASIA classification scores. The thoracic kyphotic angles were significantly decreased to 9°–25° postoperatively (average 16.7° ± 4.4°), and at final follow-up were 10°–27°(average 17.7° ± 4.4°). No severe complications or spinal cord injury occurred. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate recovered to normal within 3 months postoperatively in all patients. All patients got bony fusion within 6–9 months after surgery.

Conclusions

One-stage transpedicular debridement, posterior instrumentation and combined interbody and posterior fusion via a posterior-only approach can be an effective and feasible treatment method for thoracic spinal tuberculosis.     

One-stage anterior debridement,bone grafting and posterior instrumentation vs. single posterior debridement,bone grafting,and instrumentation for the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare single posterior debridement, interbody fusion and instrumentation with one-stage anterior debridement, interbody fusion and posterior instrumentation for treating thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis.

Method

From January 2006 to January 2010, we enrolled 115 spinal tuberculosis patients with obvious surgical indications. Overall, 55 patients had vertebral body destruction, accompanied by a flow injection abscess or a unilateral abscess volume greater than 500 ml. The patients underwent one-staged anterior debridement, bone grafting and posterior instrumentation (group A) or single posterior debridement, bone grafting and instrumentation (group B). Clinical and radiographic results for the two groups were analyzed and compared.

Results

Patients were followed 12–36 months (mean 21.3 months), Fusion occurred at 4–12 months (mean 7.8 months). There were significant differences between groups regarding the post-operative kyphosis angle, angle correction and angle correction rate, especially if pathology is present in thoracolumbar and lumbar regions. Operative complications affected five patients in group A, and one patient in group B. A unilateral psoas abscess was observed in three patients 12 months postoperatively. In one of them, interbody fusion did not occur, and there was fixation loosening and interbody absorption. All of them were cured by an anterior operation.

Conclusion

Anterior debridement and bone grafting with posterior instrumentation may not be the best choice for treating patients with spinal tuberculosis. Single posterior debridement/bone grafting/instrumentation for single-segment of thoracic or lumbar spine tuberculosis produced good clinical results, except in patients who had a psoas abscess.     

Outcomes of radical debridement versus no debridement for the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis

Purpose

Whether radical debridement is necessary for the treatment of thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis is still questionable. The objective of this prospective randomized study was to compare the outcomes of radical debridement versus no debridement for the treatment of thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis.

Methods

Seventy-four thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis patients with a neurological function of grade D and E underwent surgery and received the same chemotherapy regiment from January 2009 to October 2014. All patients were divided into group A and B by taking the drawing of lots. In group A, radical debridement, bone graft, and instrumentation were performed. Isolated posterior instrumentation without debridement were performed in group B. The operative time, blood loss, visual analogue score (VAS), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), kyphotic angle, Frankel grading, fusion rate, and complications were evaluated.

Results

Group B had a better clinical outcome with regard to the operative time, blood loss, VAS score first week post-operatively, and the ESR value in the third and sixth month post-operatively than group A, and the differences between the two groups about those values all presented a significant difference (P?<?0.05). However, no difference was observed between the two groups for the kyphotic angle (P?=?0.088) and fusion rate (P?=?0.164) at the final follow-up. Neurological function of all cases exhibited normal neurological function in the two groups at the final follow-up. Two cases of pulmonary infection and four cases of wound infection in group A. No serious complications were observed in group B.

Conclusions

Isolated posterior instrumentation without debridement is a suitable treatment for selected patients because of minor surgical trauma, fewer complications, and spontaneous fusion.

     

One-stage surgical management for tuberculosis of the upper cervical spine by posterior debridement, short-segment fusion, and posterior instrumentation in children

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical study efficacy and feasibility of 11 children with tuberculosis of the upper cervical spine treated by one-stage posterior debridement, short-segment fusion, and posterior instrumentation.

Methods

Eleven children who suffered from tuberculosis of the upper cervical spine were admitted to our hospital between June 2005 and December 2010. All of them were treated by one-stage posterior debridement, short-segment fusion, and posterior instrumentation. Then, the clinical efficacy was evaluated using statistical analysis based on the materials about the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of pain, JOA scores of nerve function and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), which were collected at certain time.

Results

The average follow-up period was 28.1 ± 10.5 months (13–42 months). In the 11 cases, no postoperative complications related to instrumentation occurred and neurologic function was improved in various degrees. The average pretreatment ESR was 58.4 ± 4.9 mm/h (53–69 mm/h), which got normal (8.9 ± 6.5 mm/h) within 3 months in all patients. The average preoperative VAS was 7.4 ± 2.2, which decreased to 1.6 ± 1.8 postoperatively. Mean preoperative JOA was 11.2 ± 3.8, and the JOA at the last visit was 16.3 ± 1.0. All patients got bony fusion within 3–8 months after surgery.

Conclusions

One-stage posterior debridement, short-segment fusion, and posterior instrumentation can be an effective treatment method for the treatment of tuberculosis of the upper cervical spine in children.     

One-stage posterior debridement, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and instrumentation in treatment of lumbar spinal tuberculosis: a retrospective case series

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of surgical management by one-stage posterior debridement, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and instrumentation and combined posterior and anterior approaches for lumbar spinal tuberculosis, and determine the clinical effectiveness of the posterior only surgical treatment for lumbar spinal TB at the same time.

Methods

Thirty-seven patients who suffered lumbar tuberculosis were treated by two different surgical procedures in our center from May 2004 to June 2012. All the cases were divided into two groups: 19 cases in Group A underwent one-stage posterior debridement, TLIF and instrumentation, and 18 cases in Group B underwent posterior instrumentation, anterior debridement and bone graft in a single-stage procedure. The operation time, blood loss, lumbar kyphotic angle, recovery of neurological function and fusion time were, respectively, compared between Group A and Group B.

Results

The average follow-up period for Group A was 46.6 ± 16.7 months, and for Group B, 47.5 ± 15.0 months. It was obvious that the average operative duration and blood loss of Group A was less than those of Group B. Lumbar tuberculosis was completely cured and the grafted bones were fused in 10 months in all patients. There was no persistence or recurrence of infection and no differences in the radiological results in both groups. The kyphosis was significantly corrected after surgical management. The average pretreatment ESR was 60.7 ± 22.5 mm/h, which became normal (9.0 ± 2.8 mm/h) within 3 months in all patients.

Conclusions

Surgical management by one-stage posterior debridement, TLIF and instrumentation for lumbar tuberculosis is feasible and effective. This approach obtained better clinical outcomes than combined posterior and anterior surgeries.     

Surgical management for thoracic spinal tuberculosis in the elderly: posterior only versus combined posterior and anterior approaches

Purpose

To compare the clinical outcomes of surgical management by posterior only and combined posterior and anterior approaches for thoracic spinal tuberculosis in the elderly.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. Thirty-six cases of thoracic spinal tuberculosis treated by two different surgical procedures in our center from January 2004 to June 2009 were studied. All the cases were divided into two groups: 20 cases in Group A underwent single-stage posterior debridement, transforaminal fusion and instrumentation, and 16 cases in Group B underwent posterior instrumentation, anterior debridement and bone graft in a single- or two-stage procedure. The operation time, blood loss, correction rate, recovery of neurological function, fusion time and complications were, respectively, compared between Group A and Group B.

Results

All patients were followed up for an average of 35.1?±?5.8?months (range 26?C45?months). It was obviously that the average operative duration, blood loss, hospitalization and complication rate of Group A was less than those of Group B. Spinal tuberculosis was completely cured and the grafted bones were fused in 10?months in all patients. There was no persistence or recurrence of infection and no differences in the radiological results in both groups. The kyphosis was significantly corrected after surgical management. However, loss of correction also occurred in both groups.

Conclusion

Our study showed that the posterior approach only procedure obtained better clinical outcomes than combined posterior and anterior surgeries. It might be a better surgical treatment for thoracic spinal tuberculosis in aged patients with poor health status, especially for cases in early phase of bone destruction and/or mild and moderate kyphosis.     

Surgical management for multilevel noncontiguous thoracic spinal tuberculosis by single-stage posterior transforaminal thoracic debridement, limited decompression, interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation (modified TTIF)

Purpose

Multilevel noncontiguous thoracic spinal tuberculosis has rarely been reported in the literature. We present a retrospective clinical study of 14 patients with multilevel noncontiguous thoracic spinal tuberculosis treated by single-stage posterior transforaminal thoracic debridement, limited decompression, interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation (modified TTIF) and determine the clinical effectiveness of such surgical treatment for MNTST.

Methods

Fourteen patients with multilevel noncontiguous thoracic spinal tuberculosis were treated with modified TTIF. The mean follow-up was 27.36?±?10.46?months (range 13–42?months). The kyphotic angle ranged from ?2° to 47° before operation, with an average of 19.21°?±?12.63°. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of patients upon admission ranged from 30 to 62?mm/h before operation, with an average of 46.43?±?10.77?mm/h. The Frankel Grade was used to evaluate the neurological deficits.

Results

The average ESR got normal (8.14?±?5.89?mm/h) within 3?months in all patients. The average kyphotic angle decreased to 8.07°?±?6.91° postoperatively. Mean deformity angle was measured as 8.79°?±?7.29° at the last visit. Solid fusion was achieved in all cases. Neurologic status of the 12 patients with preoperative neurologic deficit was 6 with grade D recovered to normal; 2 with grade B, both of them to grade D; 4 with grade C, 2 to grade D, 1 to grade E, and 1 still in grade C.

Conclusions

Modified TTIF can be an effective treatment method of multilevel noncontiguous thoracic spinal tuberculosis.     

360-degree osteosynthesis via a posterolateral transpedicular approach in high-risk patients

Purpose

Patients requiring anterior–posterior thoracic spine stabilization and suffering from concomitant cardiopulmonary disease are at increased risk to develop procedure-related complications. In order to reduce cardiopulmonary complications, the efficacy of a posterolateral transpedicular approach for 360-degree fusion was investigated.

Methods

Fourteen consecutive patients presenting with spinal cord compression from osteoporotic, metastatic and tuberculotic fractures were treated. Spinal cord decompression was achieved by laminectomy, facetectomy and corpectomy with subsequent posterior instrumented fusion using a screw–rod system.

Results

The procedure was successfully performed in 14 high-risk patients. Preoperatively, all patients presented with thoracic and lower back pain and nine patients with a paraparesis (Frankel grade C). The implants were introduced monoportally or biportally. In all cases, neurological symptoms moderately improved.

Conclusion

The posterolateral transpedicular approach might be a safe, less-invasive and efficient alternative to anterior–posterior fusion. However, biomechanic efficacy and long-term outcome as compared to the transthoracic technique remains to be studied in a larger patient cohort.     

Thoracoscopically assisted corpectomy and percutaneous transpedicular instrumentation in management of burst thoracic and thoracolumbar fractures

Study design

This is a prospective observational study.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine whether the combination of thoracoscopically assisted corpectomy with posterior percutaneous transpedicular instrumentation in prone position achieves treatment goals in burst thoracic or thoracolumbar fractures and minimizes the associated morbidities.

Methods

Between December 2007 and December 2008, 26 patients with acute burst spinal fractures were operated upon in our hospital. Those patients underwent posterior percutaneous stabilization plus anterior thoracoscopically assisted corpectomy and fusion in prone position. Clinical and radiological outcomes of these patients were evaluated after a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) combined with clinical examination was used for clinical evaluation. Plain X-ray in two views was used for the radiological evaluation.

Results

The mean operative time was 248 min. The average blood loss was 765 ml. Ten patients had preoperative neurological deficits ranging from Frankel A to D. One patient did not show any neurological improvement at the final follow-up. The mean ODI at final follow-up was about 7. The mean preoperative kyphosis angle was 25.58°, improved to 9.2° postoperatively and to 13.8° at the final follow-up. No cases of implant failure were reported at the final follow-up.

Conclusions

Minimal invasive spinal techniques including thoracoscopic decompression and fusion and short segment posterior percutaneous instrumentation showed good clinical outcomes and can be considered as alternative to open procedures with decreased rates of morbidities in managing burst thoracic and thoracolumbar fractures.     

Two-stage surgical management using posterior instrumentation, anterior debridement and allografting for tuberculosis of the lower lumbar spine in children of elementary school age: minimum 3-year follow-up of 14 patients

Purpose

Various surgical methods have been described for the management of lumbar tuberculous spondylitis in the literature. However, there were few reports on the two-stage surgical treatment of lumbar tuberculosis in children of elementary school age. We present a retrospective clinical study of 14 patients with lumbar and lumbosacral tuberculous spondylitis treated by two-stage surgery (first stage: posterior instrumentation; second stage: anterior debridement and allografting). The purpose is to determine the clinical efficacy of such surgical treatment for lumbar tuberculosis in children.

Method

Our series was comprised 9 males and 5 females with an average age of 7.5?years treated with the abovementioned surgical procedure. All patients had lumbar and lumbosacral involvement with one patient having spondylitis at L2–3, three at L3–4, seven at L4–5, and three at L5–S1. All patients had single motion segment involvement. The Frankel scoring system was used to assess the neurological deficits. Frankel’s grade B in two patients, grade C in four and grade D in eight. The following data were followed-up for an average period of 50.1?months (42–64?months) in these patients: healing of disease, deformity correction and its maintenance, neurologic function, and spinal bony fusion.

Results

The average preoperative local deformity angle was ?13.8°, correcting to 3.4° postoperatively and 1.5° at the final follow-up. With the exception of one patient who received a D at the final follow-up, all cases obtained complete neurological recovery. No breakage and looseness of internal fixation was found. Bony fusion was achieved in all cases within 6?months postoperatively. There was no recurrent tuberculous infection.

Conclusion

Two-stage (posterior and anterior) surgery is a safe and effective procedure for the patient of elementary school age suffering from lumbar and lumbosacral tuberculous spondylitis, especially for the patients in poor general condition. The procedure has the advantage of minor surgical invasion, effective kyphosis correction and less complications.     

Thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis with psoas abscesses treated by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, posterior instrumentation, and postural drainage

Purpose

Retrospective analysis of the clinical efficacy and feasibility of patients with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis with psoas abscesses treated by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, posterior instrumentation, and postural drainage.

Method

A total of 18 patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis (TB), between February 2007 and February 2011, underwent one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, posterior instrumentation, and postural drainage. And the clinical efficacy was evaluated based on surgery duration time, the blood loss, the postural drainage of time, neurological status that was recorded by American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, the fate of bone graft fusion, kyphosis angle, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), which were collected at certain time.

Results

The average follow-up period was 34 months (range 18–48 months). 18 patients suffered from seriously neurological deficits pre-operatively, of which 16 patients returned to normal at final follow-up. The surgery duration time was 197 ± 37.9 min, and the blood loss was 815 ± 348.5 ml. The postural drainage of time was 7.2 ± 2.7 days. The psoas abscesses disappeared in all cases, within the time range of 6–9 months (mean 7.4 ± 1.2 months). All patients of the grafted bones were thoroughly fused, with a fusion time ranging from 4 to 12 months (mean 7.8 months). Kyphosis angle was 44.32 ± 7.26° on average pre-operative and returned to 11.72 ± 2.85° at 6 weeks after operation; kyphosis angle was 13.10 ± 2.39° at final follow-up. The values of ESR and CRP were significant declined at 6 weeks post-operative, and returned to normal levels at final follow-up.

Conclusion

With standardized anti-TB chemotherapy, thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis with psoas abscesses could be effectively treated by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, posterior instrumentation, and postural drainage.     

One-stage posterior focus debridement,interbody graft using titanium mesh cages,posterior instrumentation and fusion in the surgical treatment of lumbo-sacral spinal tuberculosis in the aged

Purpose

Aged patients represent a high risk group for acquiring spinal tuberculosis, and it still remains a leading cause of kyphosis and paraplegia in developing nations. Aged patients often combined with cardiovascular and respiratory disease and single lung ventilation via anterior approach surgery could result in more post-operative complications. We aimed to analyze the efficacy and feasibility of surgical management of aged patients with lumbo-sacral spine tuberculosis using one-stage posterior focus debridement, interbody graft using titanium mesh cages, posterior instrumentation, and fusion.

Methods

From March 2009 and July 2012, 17 aged patients with lumbo-sacral spinal tuberculosis were treated with one-stage posterior focus debridement, interbody graft using titanium mesh cages, posterior instrumentation, and fusion. There were eight male and nine female with a mean age of 63.3 years (range: 60–71 years). The mean follow-up was 46.5 months (range 38–70 months). Patients were evaluated before and after surgery in terms of ESR, neurological status, visual analog scale (VAS), and lumbosacral angle.

Results

Spinal tuberculosis was completely cured and the grafted bones were fused in all 17 patients. There were no recurrent tuberculous infections. ESR became normal within three months in all patients. The ASIA neurological classification and VAS scores improved in all cases. The average preoperative lumbosacral angle was 20.6° (range 18.1°–22.5°) and became 29.4° (range 27.1°–32.5°) at final follow-up.

Conclusions

Our results showed that one-stage posterior focus debridement, interbody graft using titanium mesh cages, posterior instrumentation, and fusion was an effective treatment for aged patients with lumbo-sacral spinal tuberculosis. It is characterized with minimum surgical trauma, good pain relief, good neurological recovery, and good reconstruction of the spinal stability.

     

后路经椎弓根入路病灶清除椎弓根固定术治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效分析

背景：脊柱结核多采用前路病灶清除植骨融合手术,而后路经椎弓根入路行病灶清除的手术疗效少见报道。目的：探讨经后路椎弓根入路病灶清除和椎弓根固定治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效。方法：2006年1月至2010年12月采用后路经椎弓根入路病灶清除和椎弓根固定治疗胸腰椎结核16例,男11例,女5例,年龄19～80岁,平均47．2岁。病程6～11个月。根据结核破坏程度及手术对脊柱稳定性的影响,所有患者均采用一期后路椎弓根系统内固定。结果：16例患者切口均一期愈合,无慢性窦道形成。所有患者均获随访,随访时间11～58个月,平均37．6个月。术后脊柱结核均治愈,未出现复发病例。腰背疼痛VAS评分由术前平均8．0改善到术后2．2（F=17．6,P〈0．05）。后凸畸形由术前平均18．7。改善到术后12．5°（F=94．5,P〈0．05）。术后6个月植骨块骨性融合,未出现植骨块脱出、吸收。随访至植骨块融合时,角度丢失0°-8°,平均3．1O°结论：后路经椎弓根入路病灶清除和椎弓根固定术治疗胸腰椎结核能够达到有效清除病灶并且纠正脊柱畸形的目的。     

胸椎结核椎管内外病灶清除同期后路内固定矫形

目的:探讨胸椎结核Ⅰ期病灶清除及后路短节段椎弓根螺钉系统重建脊柱稳定性的外科治疗方法。方法:对1999年2月以来收治的15例合并椎管内外脓肿的胸椎结核患者,采用后路Ⅰ期双侧肋骨横突切除病灶清除、短节段椎弓根螺钉矫正脊柱后凸畸形、取髂骨植骨的综合性手术方法进行治疗,并对其疗效进行分析。结果:术后随访6个月-2年5个月,平均1年8个月,本组15例术后胸部症状均完全消失,术后脊柱后凸角度为6°-15°,平均矫正度数为17°。术后脊髓神经功能均有不同程度的改善,植骨全部骨性融合,植骨融合时间平均3.2个月。结论:经后路可Ⅰ期有效地进行胸椎结核的彻底病灶清除及脊柱稳定性的重建。     

One-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, 360° interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation in treating lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis

Purpose

Retrospective analysis of the clinical study efficacy and feasibility of one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, 360° interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation in treating lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis.

Method

A total of 21 patients with lumbosacral tuberculosis (TB) collected from January 2004 to January 2010, underwent one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, 360° interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation. In addition, the clinical efficacy was evaluated based on the data on the lumbo-sacral angle, neuro-logical status that was recorded by American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), which were collected at specific time points.

Results

All cases were followed up for 16–36 months (average 24.9 ± 6.44 months). 18 patients suffered from evident neurological deficits preoperatively, of which 16 patients returned to normal at the final follow-up. Two patients with neurological dysfunction aggravated postoperative, experienced significant partial neurological recovery. With an effective and standard anti-TB chemotherapy treated, the values of ESR and CRP returned to normal levels 3-month later postoperative and maintained till the final follow-up. Preoperative lumbosacral angle was 20.89 ± 2.32° and returned 29.62 ± 1.41° postoperative. During long-term follow-up, there was only 1–3° lumbosacral angle loss. There was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative lumbosacral angles.

Conclusion

With effective and standard anti-TB chemotherapy, one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, 360° interbody fusion, and posterior instrumentation for lumbosacral tuberculosis can effectively relieve pain symptoms, improve neurological function, and reconstruct the spinal stability.     

One-stage surgical treatment for upper thoracic spinal tuberculosis by internal fixation, debridement, and combined interbody and posterior fusion via posterior-only approach

Purpose

To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of one-stage surgical treatment for upper thoracic spinal tuberculosis by internal fixation, debridement, and combined interbody and posterior fusion via a posterior-only approach.

Methods

Fourteen patients (eight males, six females) with upper thoracic tuberculosis whose lesions were confined to two adjacent segments were admitted to our hospital. Their ages ranged from 23 to 72 years (average, 50 years). The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale was used to assess neurological function. ASIA classification showed that preoperatively, one patient was grade A, two patients were grade B, eight patients were grade C, and three patients were grade D. All patients were treated with one-stage surgical treatment by internal fixation, debridement, and combined interbody and posterior fusion via a posterior-only approach. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by measurement of thoracic kyphotic angles using Cobb angle evaluation, determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), evaluation of ASIA impairment scale, and radiological examination.

Results

Operation time ranged from 70 to 135 min, (average, 110 min). Intraoperative blood loss ranged from 200 to 950 mL (average, 450 mL). All patients were followed up for 22 to 48 months postoperatively (average, 31.5 months). No sinus tract formation, cerebrospinal meningitis, or recurrence of tuberculosis occurred. All patients had significant postoperative improvement in ASIA classification scores. The thoracic kyphotic angles were significantly decreased to 12°–26° postoperatively, and at final follow-up were 13°–28°. The ESR recovered to normal within 6 months postoperatively in all patients. Bone fusion was achieved within 3–8 months (average, 5.5 months).

Conclusions

One-stage surgical treatment for upper thoracic spinal tuberculosis by internal fixation, debridement, and combined interbody and posterior fusion via a posterior-only approach can be an effective and feasible treatment method.     

Pedikelsubtraktionsosteotomie mit dorsaler Wedge-Osteotomie

Background

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological follow-up of patients suffering from fixed post-traumatic and postinflammatory kyphotic deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine and treated by posterior transpedicular wedge resection osteotomy of the spine.

Methods

A total of 28 patients received a posterior transpedicular wedge resection osteotomy. A prospective follow-up was performed preoperatively, postoperatively and after 3, 6 and 12 months. The kyphotic angle of the fractured segment was evaluated as well as the clinical parameters the self-reported visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry score.

Results

The median pain scores (VAS) and the Oswestry disability scores (p<0.05) decreased significantly from pretreatment to post-treatment. Postoperatively a significant correction of the kyphotic angle could be achieved with a mean of 28° (range 14-44°). In the follow-up after 1 year there was a 7° increase in kyphosis.

Conclusions

Transpedicular wedge resection osteotomy of the thoracic and lumbar spine offers a safe surgical technique for the treatment of fixed postinflammatory kyphotic deformities.     

一期改良后路经单侧椎弓根入路病灶清除植骨内固定术治疗胸椎结核

目的探讨改良一期后路经单侧椎弓根入路病灶清除、椎间植骨融合内固定治疗胸椎结核的可行性及疗效。方法 2005年1月-2009年12月,收治胸椎结核22例,采用一期后路经单侧椎弓根入路椎体间病灶清除,对侧经肋椎关节排脓,椎间及单侧后外侧椎板间植骨融合椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗。其中男12例,女10例;年龄22～52岁,平均39.4岁。病程3个月～10年,平均1.2年。患者累及节段为T5～12,其中2个椎体受累17例,3个5例。术前脊柱后凸Cobb角为(31.2±14.5)°。脊髓损伤按Frankel分级:A级2例,B级1例,C级8例,D级5例,E级1例,无神经症状5例。结果患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。22例均获随访,随访时间12～65个月,平均22.2个月。术后2周患者腰背部疼痛均得到不同程度缓解。术后3个月植骨区均发生融合。术前有神经症状患者术后均明显好转,末次随访时Frankel分级为:B级1例,C级2例,D级4例,E级7例;无神经症状8例。后凸Cobb角为(16.2±3.6)°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.952,P=0.001)。术后1年随访时无内固定物松动、断裂、脱出及气胸等并发症。结论对于胸椎结核,一期经单侧椎弓根入路病灶清除椎间植骨融合,必要时行对侧经肋椎关节排脓、椎弓根螺钉固定是一种安全、有效、可行的方法。