影响3cm以下小肝癌患者术后生存因素的观察

目的 总结小肝癌的手术治疗经验,探讨影响其术后生存率的临床、病理因素。方法回顾性分析1986年1月-2003年12月间手术切除并获得随访的105例小肝癌(≤3cm)的临床、病理资料,中位随访时间33个月。对有无结节性肝硬化、肝功能Child分级、术前血清AFP水平、肿瘤大小、有无肿瘤包膜、肿瘤分化程度(Edmondson分级)、有无门静脉癌栓、肿瘤是否多灶性(包括卫星灶)及手术方式等9项临床、病理参数与术后生存率及无瘤生存率的关系进行单因素及Cox模型多因素分析。结果截止2004年5月,手术后1、3、5年生存率分别为86．5%、70．3％、55．2％,无瘤生存率分别为78．0％、58．9％、45．6％。再次手术死亡1例。随访期内36例肝内复发,34例死亡。单因素及多因素分析均提示术前肝功能Child分级、肿瘤大小、门静脉癌栓及肿瘤多灶性是影响手术后生存率的预后因素,多因素分析显示肿瘤大小、门静脉癌栓及多灶性是影响手术后无瘤生存率的预后因素。结论距肿瘤1cm以上切缘的局部切除是治疗小肝癌的合理手术方式,手术后的肝内复发和转移及肝功能不良是导致小肝癌患者术后死亡的主要原因。     

原发性肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓手术治疗的预后相关因素分析

目的探讨影响手术切除原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）合并门静脉癌栓（PVTT）患者预后的相关性因素。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年1月150例行手术切除治疗的HCC合并PVTT患者临床资料,采用SPSS 21.0统计软件进行数据分析。用Kaplan-Meier法计算总生存率及绘制生存曲线,用Log-Rank检验对各个可能影响预后的因素进行分析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果患者中位生存时间为14个月,其中术后1年、2年和3年生存率分别为62.3%、34.8%、21.7%。术前血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）浓度、肿瘤大小、肿瘤包膜、卫星灶、微血管侵犯、PVTT类型、术后病理分级均为影响患者预后的因素。 结论对于术前血清AFP≥400 μg/L,肿瘤直径≥5 cm,肿瘤无包膜、有卫星灶及有微血管侵犯的患者术后生存率相对较低。当门静脉癌栓累及到主干时,手术治疗效果并不令人满意。     

肝细胞癌根治术后早期肺转移影响因素分析及预测的数学模型

目的 探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)根治术后早期肺转移影响因素及预测的数学模型.方法 对400例根治性切除术的肝细胞癌患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、术前甲胎蛋白(AFP)、合并乙型肝炎病毒( HBV)感染、手术前肿瘤数目、合并肝硬化、肿瘤包膜、镜下脉管癌栓、病理分化分级进行单因素、多因素分析及数学建模.结果 术后1年肺转移发生率为8.0％ (32/400).有无肺转移组在肿瘤大小、术前AFP、镜下脉管癌栓方面比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后1年内肺转移的独立判断因素为肿瘤大小、镜下脉管癌栓,预测概率为1.14％～27.23％.结论 肿瘤大小、镜下脉管癌栓为术后早期肺转移的独立判断因素.     

NRAGE在小肝细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨NRAGE在小肝细胞癌中的表达情况及其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组化技术检测160例原发性小肝细胞癌组织及配对癌旁非癌组织中NRAGE的表达,分析NRAGE表达与小肝细胞癌患者临床病理指标及预后的关系。结果:NRAGE在小肝细胞癌组织中阳性表达率明显高于配对癌旁组织(63.13%vs.14.38%,P0.05)。NRAGE表达增高与患者年龄、术前AFP水平、完整包膜和复发密切相关(均P0.05)。单因素分析显示,微血管癌栓、术前AFP水平、子灶、完整包膜、复发、浆膜浸润、巴塞罗那分期、分化程度和NRAGE表达是小肝细胞癌患者的预后影响因素(均P0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,NRAGE表达与微血管癌栓、术前AFP水平、复发、巴塞罗那分期是影响小肝细胞癌患者预后的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。NRAGE高表达小肝细胞癌患者5年生存率明显低于低表达患者(35.63%vs.54.23%,P0.05)。结论:NRAGE在小肝细胞癌组织中表达增高,NRAGE高表达患者预后差。     

60例肝细胞癌进行肝切除手术的长期随访预后因素分析

目的分析肝细胞癌患者进行肝切除手术后影响预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年4月间收治的60例行肝切除手术治疗的肝细胞癌患者资料,应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计学处理分析,以性别、年龄、HBs Ag阳性率、HCV阳性率、有无肝硬化、术前AFP、肿瘤最大径、TNM分期、有无肿瘤包膜、是否侵及肝被膜、有无脉管瘤栓、肿瘤切缘、有无卫星灶形成等指标为自变量,以3年生存率为因变量,采用χ2检验方法进行单因素分析,分析后得出有统计学意义的相关变量,逐步依次引入Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析,P0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果随访3年后,60例患者存活28例,生存率为46.7%。单因素分析结果显示,患者肝硬化、术前AST水平、肿瘤最大径5 cm、侵及肝被膜、脉管瘤栓、肿瘤切缘≤1 cm、卫星灶形成是肝癌患者行肝切除手术预后的影响因素(P0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤最大径5 cm、侵及肝被膜、脉管瘤栓、肿瘤切缘≤1 cm、卫星灶形成均为影响肝癌患者肝切除术后预后的危险因素(P0.05)。结论肝癌患者行肝切除手术的预后与多种因素相关,脉管瘤栓、肿瘤切缘≤1 cm、卫星灶形成是主要危险因素,加强术后针对性的辅助治疗是改善疗效、提高远期生存的关键。     

原发性肝癌经肝动脉栓塞化疗术后预后指标的多因素分析

目的探讨影响无法手术切除原发性肝癌经肝动脉栓塞化疗(transarterial chemoembolization,TACE)术后预后的独立因素。方法回顾性分析163例行TACE治疗的无法手术切除原发性肝癌患者的临床资料。结果全组均获随访,随访时间为12～63月,平均为(21.8±27.3)月。总体患者TACE术后的1、3、5年累积生存率分别为69.75%、37.49%和21.84%。单因素分析显示,TNM分期、癌灶个数、肿瘤有无假包膜、病灶分布情况、肿瘤大小、门静脉癌栓情况、血清AFP状态、Child-Pugh分级、肿瘤碘油沉积情况及治疗次数与TACE术后生存率显著相关(P均<0.05);经Cox多因素回归分析得出影响肝癌患者TACE术后长期生存的独立预后因素依次为:Child-Pugh分级、术后碘油沉积情况、门静脉癌栓。结论Child-Pugh分级、术后碘油沉积分型及门静脉癌栓是影响TACE术后肝癌患者的独立预后因素。     

105例小肝癌手术治疗经验及预后分析

目的探讨影响小肝癌手术后生存率的临床病理因素。方法回顾性分析1986.1-2006.6月手术切除并获得随访的105例小肝癌（≤3 cm）的临床病理资料,中位随访时间33个月。对有无结节性肝硬化、肝功能Ch ild分级、术前血清AFP水平、肿瘤大小、有无肿瘤包膜、肿瘤分化程度（Edmondson分级）、有无门脉癌栓、是否多灶性（包括卫星灶）及手术方式等与术后生存率的关系进行分析。结果截止2006年12月,随访105例,失访5例,手术后1、3、5年生存率分别为86.5%、70.3%、55.2%,无瘤生存率分别为78%、58.9%、45.6%。再次手术死亡1例。随访期内36例肝内复发,34例死亡。分析提示术前肝功能Ch ild分级、肿瘤大小、门静脉癌栓及多灶性是影响手术后生存率的预后因素。结论距肿瘤1 cm以上切缘的局部肝脏切除是治疗小肝癌的合理手术方式,手术后的肝内复发和转移是导致小肝癌病人术后死亡的主要原因。     

上皮间质转化与肝细胞癌肺转移的相关性研究

目的 研究上皮间质转化和肝细胞癌肺转移的关系.方法 2000年1月至2004年3月于中山医院肝外科手术病理诊断为肝细胞癌的患者中,根据术后随访期内有无肺转移分为有肺转移组和无远处转移组,每组随机选择50例患者的原位肝癌组织制成组织芯片.用免疫组织化学染色(二步法)方法检测组织芯片上肺转移组和无远处转移组患者的肝痛组织的上皮间质转化的标志(E-cadherin、Vimentin、Fibronectin),单因素和多因素分析这些标志和肝细胞癌肺转移的关系.结果 单因素分析了性别、年龄、HbsAg、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、肿瘤大小、数目、癌栓、包膜、肝门淋巴结、肿瘤分化程度、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)、纤维连接蛋白(Fibroneetin)的表达与肺转移的相关性,结果显示:患者AFP水平>400 ng/ml、肿瘤直径>10 cm、门静脉癌栓、分化程度低、E-cadherin的低表达、Fibronectin的高表达、Vimentin的高表达与肝细胞癌肺转移相关;多因素分析显示肿瘤直径>10 cm、门静脉癌栓、分化程度低、Fibronectin高表达是肝细胞癌肺转移的危险因素.结论 肝细胞癌患者肝癌组织的上皮间质转化与其发生肺转移有密切关系.     

肝癌病人手术期间不同部位血液AFP mRNA定量检测及其意义探讨

目的 研究肝细胞性肝癌(HCC)病人手术期间不同部位血液甲胎蛋白信使核糖核酸(AFP mRNA)的水平变化，分析其与临床病理学特征和复发转移的关系。方法 18例HCC和6例非HCC肝肿瘤病人，于切除肿瘤前后抽取门静脉、肝静脉和外周静脉血各5m1，肝炎、肝硬化病人各10例取外周血5m1。应用TaqMan实时定量逆转录—聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)检测AFP mRNA水平。结果 术前外周血AFP mRNA相对HCC的灵敏度为72．2％，特异性为76.9％，准确率为75．0％。HCC病人术后各部位血液AFP mRNA水平明显高于术前相应部位水平。血液AFP mRNA水平与肿瘤大小、分化程度、有无肝内播散、包膜完整性以及血清AFP浓度均无关，而有门静脉癌栓的病人术后肝静脉血AFP mRNA水平明显高于无癌栓者。术后2个月内复发者，术后门静脉和外周静脉血AFP mRNA水平明显高于末复发者。结论 TaqMan实时定量RT—PCR法检测HCC病人血液AFP mRNA有较高的敏感性和特异性。手术可能促进部分HCC细胞和肝细胞脱落入血。动态监测外周血AFP mRNA水平对术后早期复发有预测价值。     

大肝癌TACE后手术切除标本的病理研究

目的 探讨可切除大肝癌TACE后手术切除标本的病理改变及其意义。方法 2002年1月～2003年1月收治的83例可切除大肝癌患者随机分成术前TACE组(n=36)与I期手术组(n=47),术前TACE组31例Ⅱ期切除(Ⅱ期手术组),5例失去手术切除机会,78例术后病理均证实为肝细胞癌。对比两组标本间主瘤、包膜、子灶、癌栓、肝硬化等病理情况。结果 TACE组除较I期手术组肿瘤坏死广泛、包膜更完整外．两组间子灶及门脉癌栓发生率、肝外浸润转移无显著差异;TACE组TACE后肿瘤体积缩小并不显著,子灶、门脉癌栓完全坏死者少,肝硬化加重。结论 可切除大肝癌术前TACE不能使肿瘤完全坏死,部分患者耽误手术时机,应严格选择应用。     

肝细胞癌根治性切除术标准的探讨

目的 通过对肝细胞癌切除术后无瘤生存影响因素分析,探讨肝细胞癌根治性切除术的标准的建立。方法 运用Ｃｏｘ比例风险生存分析模型对１,４５７例肝细胞癌切除术患者的临床病理因素进行影响因素分析,无瘤生存率采用Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ法计算。     

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目的 探讨影响肝细胞肝癌手术切除长期生存的预后相关因素。方法 1964～1993年中山大学肿瘤防治中心经手术切除的522例肝细胞肝癌病人，随访至2003年1月，对随访结果进行回顾性分析，计算生存率并作单因素及多因素分析。结果 术后3、5、10和15年累积生存率分别为49．1％、33．8％、16．7％和13．7％；生存5年以上182例，生存10年以上56例，生存15年以上16例。单因素分析结果表明，预后影响因素为性别、术前肝功能Child-Pugh分级、GGT水平、术中肝硬化程度、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、有无癌栓、有无卫星结节和是否根治性切除；多因素分析得出影响术后长期生存的预后因素为术前肝功能Child-Pugh分级、GGT水平、术中肝硬化程度、肿瘤大小、有无癌栓和是否根治性切除。结论 肝癌切除术后病人长期生存与否取决于肝病背景、肿瘤情况和治疗因素。术前肝功能Child-PughA级、GGT正常、无或伴轻度肝硬化、肿瘤≤5cm、无癌栓以及行根治性切除的肝癌病人可能获得长期生存。     

肿瘤标志物在肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓诊断中的意义

目的:分析肿瘤标志物在肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓诊断中的意义.方法:回顾性分析1993年1月-2011年1月经影像学诊断为肝细胞癌并门静脉癌栓患者475例,同时随机选取同期经影像学诊断为肝细胞癌的手术患者977例.将甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、CA125作为实验因素.结果:2组一般情况差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). ROC分析结果显示AFP、CA125的AUC面积分别达到0.814、0.783,AFP诊断界数值为32.91 ng/mL,CA125为113.65 U/mL.两者并联敏感性为0.909,特异性为0.410;串联时敏感性为0.520,特异性为0.970.当肝细胞癌患者满足AFP≥20 000 ng/mL时,其诊断敏感性为0.24,特异性为0.96,准确性为0.73,筛检阳性率0.76.结论:在检测肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓中尚无敏感性和特异性均令人满意的肿瘤标志物,AFP和CA125水平的检测对临床实践中判断是否合并门静脉癌栓有一定的指导意义.     

Resection of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the major vasculature. A European case-control series

Tumor thrombus in major vasculature is a frequent finding with a poor long-term prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The utility of surgical resection is still controversial. This study compared morbidity and survival after resection for HCC with and without tumor thrombus. Data of 108 patients who underwent major hepatic resection for HCC were prospectively recorded. Patients were divided into two groups. The venous thrombectomy (VT) group included 26 patients who had HCC with tumor thrombus in the portal or hepatic veins. The matched control group included 82 patients who had HCC without tumor thrombus. Surgical technique, early outcome, and late survival were analyzed in each group. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of this feature. Surgical technique was comparable in the VT and control group with regard to extent of hepatectomy, procedure duration, and transfusion requirements. Early postoperative outcome was also comparable. Actuarial survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 38%, 20%, and 13%, respectively, in the VT group (median: 9 months) versus 74%, 56%, and 33%, respectively, in the control group (median: 41 months). In the subgroup of patients with tumor thrombus limited to the portal vein, actuarial survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 50%, 26%, and 17%, respectively, (median: 12 months) and two patients lived longer than 5 years. Multivariate analysis showed that incomplete resection, alphafetoprotein level greater than 100 N, more than two tumor nodules, and tumor thrombus in major vasculature were independent factors of poor prognosis. Survival after resection for HCC with tumor thrombus in the major vasculature is poorer than after resection for HCC without tumor thrombus. However, an aggressive surgical strategy can provide significant survival with comparable morbidity in selected cases, that is, tumor thrombus located in the portal vein only and expected complete resection of the lesions.     

Prognostic factors and longterm survival after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma originating from noncirrhotic liver

BACKGROUND: The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic liver is increasing in the world, probably because of the high prevalence of infections by hepatitis B and C viruses. Despite numerous publications on hepatic resection, prognostic factors for intrahepatic recurrence and survival are not well known for patients with HCC without cirrhosis. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred eight consecutive patients with HCC in noncirrhotic liver have been treated by hepatic resection in the past 18 years in our center. Clinical, biologic, and histopathologic parameters of these patients were collected. Risk factors for intrahepatic recurrence and prognostic factors for survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 23% and 6.5%, respectively. The 3- and 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 55% and 43%, and 43% and 29%, respectively. Blood transfusion, absence of tumor capsule, and daughter nodules were independently associated with overall survival. But the only risk factors for recurrence were blood transfusion, absence of tumor capsule, daughter nodules, and margin resection < 10 mm. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of HCC without cirrhosis, hepatectomy remains a safe and legitimate treatment, but longterm results are impaired by a high rate of early recurrence likely related to metastatic dissemination. Only histopathologic factors related to the tumor are predictive of recurrence and overall survival.     

NADPH氧化酶DUOX1在肝细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨NADPH氧化酶DUOX1在肝细胞癌（HCC）中的表达及其与临床病理指标及预后的关系。方法选取7株人HCC细胞系及1株人正常肝细胞系、30例正常肝组织及103例肝癌标本作为研究对象,采用RT-PCR的方法研究DUOX1mRNA的表达情况,结合临床病理指标及预后进行分析。结果DUOX1mRNA在MHCC-97H、MHCC-97L及BEL7402细胞系中表达,在HepG2、Hep3B、SMMC-7721、Changliver和L02中无表达。30例正常肝组织中均无表达。在肝癌和癌旁肝组织中表达阳性率分别为53．4％（55／103）和14．5％（15／103）,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。相关性统计分析提示肝癌组织中DUOXImRNA表达状态与性别、年龄、有无卫星结节及术前AFP水平相关。单因素分析提示影响肝癌术后总体生存率的因素为性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、有无卫星结节、有无门静脉癌栓、TNM分级以及DUOX1mRNA表达状态。多因素分析提示影响肝癌术后总体生存率的因素为肿瘤直径、有无门静脉癌栓及DUOX1mRNA表达状态。结论肝癌组织DUOX1mRNA表达状态是肝癌术后总体生存的独立预后因素,DUOX1基因可能与肝癌的发生发展有关。     

Resection of Peritoneal Implantation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Hepatic Resection: Risk Factors and Prognostic Analysis

Peritoneal implantation from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatic resection is infrequent, and information on risk factors and long-term survival of such patients is lacking. The clinicopathologic features and risk factors of 16 HCC patients after hepatic resection who developed peritoneal implantation from an HCC and the prognosis after surgical resection of these HCC implants were assessed. The clinical features of 16 HCC patients after hepatic resection undergoing resection of peritoneal HCC implants (P-HCC) from 1986 and 2000 were reviewed. The clinical features and outcomes of 195 HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy without recurrence (NR-HCC) were used for comparison. During 1986 and 2000 a total of 749 HCC patients underwent hepatic resection. Of these 749 patients, 465 (62.1%) had HCC recurrence after hepatic resection during the follow-up period (median 26 months). Of the 465 patients, 26 (5.6%) developed peritoneal implants, and 16 of them underwent resection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a high -fetoprotein (AFP) level and capsular invasion by the tumor cells may predispose posthepatectomy patients to peritoneal implantation from their HCCs. The overall survival of the P-HCC patients after peritoneal implant resection was similar to that of the NR-HCC patients. An elevated AFP level might be regarded as a significant prognostic factor for poor overall survival (p = 0.0577) after resection of peritoneal implants from HCCs. Peritoneal implantation occurs infrequently in posthepatectomy patients with an HCC. Elevated AFP values and capsule invasion by tumor cells may predispose posthepatectomy patients to peritoneal implantation from HCCs. Surgical resection of peritoneal implants from HCCs may prolong survival in selected patients. Elevated AFP levels may be regarded as a possibly significant prognostic factor for poor overall survival after resection of peritoneal HCC implants.     

Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Hepatectomy: Long-term Results and Prognostic Factors

Background We evaluated the long-term survival results and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy, and assessed the prognostic factors that can influence its long-term therapeutic results. Methods One hundred and two patients, who had 119 recurrent HCC in their livers, underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous RFA. All the patients had a history of hepatic resection as a first-line treatment modality for HCC. The mean diameter of the recurrent tumors was 2.0 cm (range, 0.8–5.0 cm). We evaluated the effectiveness rates, local tumor progression rates, survival rates, and complications. We also assessed the prognostic factors of the survival rates by using Cox proportional hazard models. Results The primary effectiveness rate was 93.3% (111 of 119). The cumulative rates of local tumor progression at 1, 3, and 5 years were 6.0, 8.6, and 11.9%, respectively. The cumulative survival rates at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years were 93.9, 83.7, 65.7, 56.6, and 51.6%, respectively. Patients with a lower serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level (≤100 μg/L) before RFA or with small resected tumors (≤5 cm) demonstrated better survival results (P < .05). There was only one major complication (liver abscess, 1.0% per treatment) during the follow-up period. There were no procedure-related deaths. Conclusions Percutaneous RFA is an effective and safe treatment modality for intrahepatic recurrent HCC after hepatectomy. Serum AFP level before RFA and resected tumor size were significant prognostic predictors of long-term survival.     

The benefit of curative liver resection with a selective bile duct preserving approach for hepatocellular carcinoma with macroscopic bile duct tumor thrombus

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presenting with macroscopic bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) is an uncommon event. The role of a curative hepatic resection and associated long-term outcomes remain controversial. In addition the necessity for bile duct resection is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of hepatectomy with a selective bile duct preservation approach for HCC with BDTT in comparison to outcomes without BDTT.MethodsA total of 22 HCC with BDTT patients who had undergone curative hepatic resection with a selective bile duct preservation approach at our institute were retrospectively reviewed. These were compared to group of 145 HCC without BDTT patients. The impact of curative surgical resection and BDTT on clinical outcomes and survival after surgical resection were analyzed.ResultsAll HCC with BDTT cases underwent major hepatectomy vs. 32.4% in the comparative group. Bile duct preservation rate was 56.5%. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of HCC with BDTT patients in comparison to the HCC without BDTT group were 81.8%, 52.8% and 52.8% vs. 73.6%, 55.6% and 40.7% (P=0.804) respectively. Positive resection margin, tumor size ≥5 cm and AFP ≥200 IU/mL were significant risk factors regarding overall survival. However, it is unclear whether presence of a bile duct tumor thrombus has an adverse impact on either recurrence free survival or overall survival.ConclusionsBile duct obstruction from tumor thrombus did not necessarily indicate an advanced form of disease. Tumor size and AFP had greater impact on long-term outcomes than bile duct tumor thrombus. Major liver resection with a selective bile duct preserving approach in HCC with BDTT can achieve favorable outcomes comparable to those of HCC without BDTT in selected patients.