神经再生素对PC12细胞凋亡的影响

目的 研究神经再生素(NRF)对PC12细胞凋亡的影响并初步探讨其机制。方法 通过观察细胞形态的变化、MTT微量比色法、流式细胞仪AnnexinV和caspase-3活力检测等方法，了解NRF对低浓度血清培养下PC12细胞凋亡的影响。NGF、和RPMI1640作对照。结果 培养细胞的突起生长数量和长度、M1TT微量比色的A值、AnnexinV—PE／7AAD显示的凋亡细胞比例、caspase-3活力的检测等指标，在NRF组和NGF组问无明显差异；而与窄白对照组间差异有显著性意义。结论 神经再生素对低血清培养下PCI2细朐的凋亡有抑制作用。     

PC12细胞缺糖损伤过程中凋亡相关基因的表达

目的探讨PC12细胞缺糖损伤时凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bcl-xl、c-myc的表达变化.方法无葡萄糖培养基培养PC12细胞建立细胞缺糖损伤细胞模型,用RT-PCR法分析PC12细胞有糖和无糖条件下bcl-2、bcl-xl、c-myc的表达情况.结果细胞缺糖损伤6-16hbcl-2基因、bcl-xl基因、c-myc基因表达量显著增高,此后表达量逐渐下降.结论缺糖损伤早期,凋亡抑制基因bcl-2、bcl-xl、c-myc上调表达产生细胞应激保护效应.     

槲皮素抑制鱼藤酮诱导的PC12细胞凋亡

目的: 探讨槲皮素对鱼藤酮诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法: 运用鱼藤酮诱导损伤PC12细胞,经300 μmol/L槲皮素预处理后,观察细胞形态学改变,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Western blotting检测Bax和Bcl-2蛋白的表达,JC-1染色检测细胞线粒体膜电位,比较各组的差异。结果: 与鱼藤酮组相比,槲皮素加鱼藤酮处理组细胞形态明显改善,凋亡率降至6.3%(P<0.01),Bcl-2表达增加(P<0.01),Bax表达降低(P<0.01),线粒体膜电位上升(P<0.01)。结论: 槲皮素对鱼藤酮诱导的PC12细胞凋亡具有抑制作用,上调Bcl-2和下调Bax蛋白的表达,维持线粒体膜电位可能是其作用的机制之一。     

人工合成多肽FGL对神经细胞模型PC12细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

背景:FGL是NCAM的核心活性多肽片段,可直接作用于成纤维细胞生长因子受体1,激活NCAM的信号传导途径。 目的：观察FGL人工合成多肽联合培养对PC12细胞增殖和凋亡的作用。 方法：将培养的PC12细胞分为对照组和实验组,实验组预先加入1%的FGL多肽溶液。分别于培养1,3,5,7,9 d采用细胞计数试剂8法检测细胞增殖情况。将PC12细胞分为正常组、实验组和损伤组,损伤组加入H2O2刺激16 h。实验组加入H₂O₂与FGL人工合成多肽刺激16 h,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,荧光定量PCR法检测PC12中的核转录因子κB mRNA表达。 结果与结论：FGL人工合成多肽与PC12复合培养细胞生长良好,可明显促进PC12细胞的活性并且减低PC12 细胞凋亡并可明显降低凋亡模型中PC12细胞核转录因子κB基因的表达。说明FGL多肽可以明显促进PC12细胞增殖,并可以抑制PC12细胞凋亡。     

奥氮平对鱼藤酮诱导PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用

探讨非典型抗精神病药物奥氮平对鱼藤酮诱导神经元凋亡的可能保护作用及其机制。以NGF诱导后的PC12细胞作为细胞模型,采用鱼藤酮诱导细胞凋亡。用不同浓度奥氮平、氟哌啶醇预处理后,观察鱼藤酮对PC12细胞的作用,分别用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞活性、流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率、Hoechst33342染色观察细胞形态学改变,并对二者的结果进行比较。鱼藤酮以剂量依赖的方式杀死PC12细胞。鱼藤酮(6μmol/L)作用后,奥氮平(50μmol/L)组预处理48h的细胞活力显著高于对照组(无药物预处理)(P<0.05);鱼藤酮(4、6、8μmol/L)作用后,氟哌啶醇组(20、40、60μmol/L)的细胞活力均低于对照组。流式细胞仪检测结果显示,对照组、氟哌啶醇(20μmol/L)组、奥氮平(50μmol/L)组、空白对照组(无药物预处理以及鱼藤酮处理)的细胞凋亡率依次为(32.2±1.3)%、(42.1±1.0)%、(14.0±1.0)%和(1.3±0.3)%。Hoechst33342染色结果显示,对照组每个视野多见凋亡细胞,细胞核裂解为碎块,氟哌啶醇组更明显;奥氮平组凋亡细胞数量较氟哌啶醇组及对照组为少。结果提示奥氮平对鱼藤酮诱导PC12细胞的凋亡具有保护作用,这可能是奥氮平和氟哌啶醇在精神分裂症病人应用中有不同的治疗效果和副作用的部分机制。     

红景天苷对MPP+诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的:探讨红景天苷对MPP+诱导的PC12细胞凋亡是否具有保护作用.方法:采用MPP+诱导的具有多巴胺能神经元特性的PC12细胞凋亡作为PD的体外模型.实验分对照组、 500 μmoL/L MPP+诱导组、红景天苷(10、 50、 100 μmol/L)3个浓度预处理组.用MTT法测定细胞活性, 流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡, TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡断裂的DNA片段.结果:10、 50、 100 μmoL/L红景天苷对MPP+诱导的PC12细胞具有一定的保护作用.与MPP+组(50.2±1.8)%相比, 10、 50、 100 μmoL/L红景天苷预处理细胞活力分别上升为(65.1±1.0)%、 (69.5±2.3)%、 (80.9±2.0)%(P<0.05).流式细胞术检测提示正常组、 MPP+组、红景天苷预处理组(10、 50、 100 μmoL/L)凋亡百分率分别为0.9%、 34.5%、 26.9%、 20.1%、 14.2%.经红景天苷预处理后, 与MPP+组相比较细胞断裂的DNA片段明显减少.结论:红景天苷对MPP+诱导的细胞凋亡具有浓度依赖性的保护作用.     

同型半胱氨酸诱导PC12细胞凋亡的研究

目的：研究同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）在生理浓度铜离子（10 μmol/L Cu²⁺）作用下能否诱导PC12细胞凋亡及对bcl-2、bax基因表达的影响。 方法: 将细胞随机分成对照组和处理组，采用MTT法检测细胞活力；倒置相差显微镜、荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡；半定量RT-PCR分析bcl-2和bax mRNA的表达水平。 结果: 0.125-1.0 mmol/L Hcy在Cu²⁺的作用下可以导致PC12细胞凋亡，具有明显的剂量-效应关系；bcl-2 mRNA表达降低，bax mRNA表达升高，且效应与Hcy浓度相关。 结论: 高浓度Hcy在生理浓度Cu²⁺作用下可诱导PC12细胞凋亡，且凋亡作用与Hcy浓度相关。其机制可能是通过调节bcl-2和bax mRNA的比值起作用的。     

JNK信号转导通路在NGF抗6-OHDA诱导PC12细胞凋亡中的作用

目的： 以6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)作用于大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞(PC12 cells)以诱导其凋亡,然后在其中分别加入神经生长因子（NGF）及c-Jun氨基端激酶（JNK）阻断剂SP600125,研究在加入NGF后JNK的活性与凋亡的关系。方法: 实验分为对照组、6-OHDA组、NGF组、6-OHDA+NGF组、6-OHDA+JNK阻断剂SP600125组,以流式细胞分析法检测各组PC12细胞的凋亡率,以免疫印迹（Western blotting）法检测各组PC12细胞JNK的活化情况。结果: 6-OHDA导致PC12细胞凋亡,JNK1活性提高;预孵SP600125或NGF15min后再加入6-OHDA则PC12细胞凋亡率及JNK1活性均降低。结论: JNK1参与了6-OHDA致PC12细胞凋亡作用,NGF抗6-OHDA所诱导的PC12细胞凋亡作用与其抑制JNK的活化有关。     

RNA干扰抑制Nogo-A基因表达及对PC12细胞凋亡的影响

为研究Nogo-A基因沉默对细胞凋亡的影响,本文构建了靶向Nogo-A的短发夹样RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)真核表达载体并经脂质体转染到培养的PC12细胞。分别以逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹法检测转染48h后Nogo-A mRNA及蛋白表达的变化。在转染后不同时间应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测细胞增殖活性,用原位末端标记(TUNEL)法及流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。结果显示:由shRNA产生的小干扰RNA(siRNA)可有效抑制PC12细胞Nogo-A基因的表达。Nogo-A siRNA处理组细胞的增殖活性增加、凋亡率明显下降。本结果提示,Nogo-A基因可能与细胞凋亡有关。     

Roscovitine increases intracellular calcium release and capacitative calcium entry in PC12 cells

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), which is activated by the non-cyclin regulator p35 or p39, is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase that is implicated in many physiological and pathological processes. Here, we studied calcium signaling using the fluorescent cytosolic calcium indicator, Fura-4, in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells treated with roscovitine, a Cdk5 inhibitor. As compared to the control cells, the roscovitine-treated cells significantly potentiated intracellular calcium release by membrane depolarization (high K⁺) or through thapsigargin. In addition, roscovitine increased the magnitude of capacitative calcium entry (CCE), i.e., a calcium influx mechanism triggered by the depletion of intracellular calcium stores. Notably, roscovitine markedly slowed the rate of Ca²⁺ removal from the plasma membrane. These results suggest that Cdk5 regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis and that the dysregulation of Cdk5 may contribute to disease pathogenesis by perturbing cellular Ca²⁺ signaling.     

Protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on PC12 cells apoptosis mediated by TAG1

Objective: This study aims to explore the protection effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on PC12 cells apoptosis mediated by transient axonal glycoprotein 1 (TAG1). Methods: PC12 cells were divided into control group, Aβ_25-35 group and BMSCs + Aβ_25-35 group. The effects of BMSCs on PC12 cells treated by Aβ_25-35 were detected using MTT, Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining methods. The expression levels of TAG1, β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), AICD and p53 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting methods. The expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were determined by Western blotting method. The activity of Caspase 3 was detected by spectrophotometric method. Results: MTT results showed that cell activity decreased after the treatment of 20 μM Aβ_25-35 for 48 h (P<0.01) while it increased in BMSCs + Aβ_25-35 group (P<0.01). Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining results showed that Aβ_25-35 could induce the apoptosis of PC12 cells while the apoptosis of PC12 cells was inhibited in BMSCs + Aβ_25-35 group. RT-PCR and Western blotting methods showed that 20 μM Aβ_25-35 could increase the expression levels of TAG1, APP, AICD and p53 (P<0.01) while they decreased in BMSCs + Aβ_25-35 group (P<0.01). 20 μM Aβ_25-35 could increase the expression levels of Bax and decrease the expression levels of Bcl-2 (P<0.01), while the expression levels of Bax decreased and the expression levels of Bcl-2 increase in BMSCs + Aβ_25-35 group (P<0.01). 20 μM Aβ_25-35 could enhance Caspase 3 activity while it decreased in BMSCs + Aβ_25-35 group (P<0.01). Conclusions BMSCs with Aβ_25-35 could inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 cells, which maybe related with TAG1/APP/AICD signal pathway.     

促血小板生成素对化学性缺氧诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究促血小板生成素(TPO)对化学性缺氧诱导的大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞凋亡的影响及保护作用。方法:将PC12细胞进行相应实验处理,分为对照组、氯化钴(Co Cl2)处理组、Co Cl2+TPO组及TPO对照组。检测各组PC12细胞的存活率并用Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞术分别检测细胞凋亡率,线粒体膜电位的变化及细胞内活性氧簇的变化。结果:化学性缺氧模拟剂Co Cl2可以明显抑制PC12细胞的生长(P0.01);与对照组比较,Co Cl2组的细胞凋亡率明显升高(P0.05),而Co Cl2+TPO组的细胞凋亡率显著低于Co Cl2组(P0.05);TPO能减少细胞内活性氧簇生成以及抑制细胞线粒体膜电位的降低(P0.01)。结论:TPO能对抗Co Cl2缺氧所致的细胞凋亡,稳定线粒体膜电位,发挥细胞保护作用。     

二苯乙烯苷通过抑制ROS减轻6-OHDA诱导的PC12细胞凋亡

目的:探讨2,3,5,4'-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-o-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystibene-2-o-β-D-glucoside,TSG)对6-羟基多巴胺(6-hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA)诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的影响及其可能的机制.方法:4-甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)检测...     

缺氧缺糖/复氧复糖PC12细胞自噬的形态学变化与细胞凋亡的关系

目的:观察缺氧缺糖/复氧复糖PC12细胞自噬的形态学变化及其与细胞凋亡的关系,探讨自噬对PC12细胞的保护作用。方法:取对数生长期的PC12细胞,随机分为正常对照组、缺氧缺糖/复氧复糖组、自噬抑制剂组和自噬激活剂组。其中缺氧缺糖/复氧复糖组、自噬抑制剂组和自噬激活剂组进行缺氧缺糖3 h后再复氧复糖12 h,自噬抑制剂组和自噬激活剂组于复氧复糖的同时分别给予自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤和自噬激活剂雷帕霉素。用透射电子显微镜和单丹磺酰尸胺荧光染色检测自噬小体的变化,Annexin V-FITC/PI流式细胞术和TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡的情况。结果:与正常对照组相比,缺氧缺糖/复氧复糖组的自噬小体增多(P0.05),细胞凋亡率和凋亡指数升高(P0.05)。与缺氧缺糖/复氧复糖组相比,自噬抑制剂组的自噬小体明显减少(P0.05),细胞凋亡率和凋亡指数显著升高(P0.05),而自噬激活剂组自噬小体变大,数量明显增多(P0.05),并偶见自噬溶酶体,细胞凋亡率和凋亡指数显著下降(P0.05)。结论:缺氧缺糖/复氧复糖可以诱导PC12细胞发生自噬,且细胞自噬可以抑制细胞凋亡,发挥神经保护作用。     

二苯乙烯苷通过抑制氧化应激对MPP~+诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用

为了探讨2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-ο-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystibene-2-ο-β-D-glucoside,TSG)对1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子(1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium,MPP+)诱导PC12细胞凋亡的影响及其可能机制,本实验分为对照组,MPP+处理组和TSG(1、5和10μmol/L)预处理组。用Hoechst33258染色法和流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡,对活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)敏感的荧光探针2,7-dichlorofluorescin dictate(DCF-DA),丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和总抗氧化能力(total anti-oxida-tion competence,T-AOC)检测试剂盒测定细胞的氧化应激的变化。结果显示:TSG三个浓度预处理后,对比MPP+处理组,观察到TSG在一定范围内以剂量依赖方式,使细胞核凝聚明显减少,细胞凋亡率降低。另外,TSG预处理后,PC12细胞中增高的ROS和MDA水平较MPP+处理组明显有所减低,T-AOC有所增强。以上结果提示,TSG可抑制MPP+诱导的PC12细胞的凋亡,其机制可能与TSG抑制氧化应激有关。     

RANTES对MPP~+诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用及其机制研究

目的:探讨RANTES对MPP~+诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用及其机制。方法:利用MPP~+处理PC12细胞建立帕金森细胞模型,并分别转染RANTES siRNA和pcRANTES,MTT法检测细胞增殖,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡,Western Blot检测总Akt(t-Akt)、磷酸化-Akt(p-Akt)和cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达水平。结果:RANTES siRNA显著抑制RNATES的表达,而pc DNA RANTES成功使RNATES过表达;过表达RNATES可显著上调MPP~+处理的PC12细胞增殖(P0.05),并抑制MPP~+诱导的PC12细胞凋亡(P0.05),下调cleasved caspase-3蛋白表达水平(P0.05)。此外,过表达RANTES可显著促进p-Akt/t-Akt蛋白表达水平(P0.05),且PI3K/Akt通路抑制剂LY294002显著抑制RNATES对PC细胞增殖的促进作用和凋亡的抑制作用(P0.05)。结论:RANTES可通过PI3K/Akt信号通路促进MPP~+处理的PC12细胞的增殖并抑制细胞的凋亡。     

Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in rat PC12 cells

Nitric oxide (NO) is associated with many pathophysiology of the central nervous system including brain ischemia, neurodegeneration and inflammation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major compound of green tea polyphenol that has shown the protective activity against neuronal diseases. This study examined the effect of EGCG on NO-induced cell death in PC12 cells. The administration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis showing characterization such as cell shrinkage and chromatin condensation as well as subG1 fraction of cell cycles. EGCG inhibited the cytotoxicity and apoptotic morphogenic changes induced by SNP. EGCG attenuated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by SNP, and ameliorated the SNP-induced Bax to Bcl-2 expression ratio leading to apoptosis. In addition, EGCG prevented the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol as well as the upregulation of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), a cytochrome c releasing channel, in the mitochondria of SNP-treated cells. EGCG abrogated the activation of caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3 induced by SNP. These results demonstrate that EGCG has a protective effect against SNP-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by scavenging ROS and modulating the signal molecules associated with cytochrome c, caspases, VDAC and the Bcl-2 family. These findings suggest that EGCG might be a natural neuroprotective substance.     

p-Nonylphenol induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in neuronally differentiated PC12 cells

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) induce estrogenic phenotypes in sexual organs and cells by chronic stimulation through binding to estrogen receptors. Although cell death may be induced instead of phenotypic change by EDCs in germ cells, the mechanism of the effect of EDCs in neuronal cells is still obscure. Here we report that p-nonylphenol, one of the EDCs, induced apoptosis with up-regulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) expression and activation of caspase-12, which are involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress specific phenomena, in NGF-treated neuronally differentiated PC12 cells. Moreover, we observed that p-nonylphenol increased the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and p-nonylphenol-induced apoptosis was prevented when BAPTA-AM, a membrane-permeable Ca(2+) chelator, was added. Intriguingly, we also discovered that decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was induced by p-nonylphenol in the presence of NGF, whereas p-nonylphenol alone did not induce phosphorylation of ERK1/2. These lines of evidence suggest that p-nonylphenol can induce ER stress-mediated apoptosis via increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, and can reduce ERK1/2 phosphorylation to attenuate the cell survival effect of NGF, in neuronally differentiated PC12 cells.