概述纳米技术在临床医学中的应用及其前景

纳米技术是20世纪90年代出现的一门新兴技术,是近年来迅速发展起来的一个全新的科学领域,在材料、生命、信息、环境、能源和国家安全等方面具有广泛的应用,被认为是21世纪最重要的科技领域。而纳米技术在临床医学中的应用也将是21世纪发展的必然。本文就纳米技术在临床医学中的应用概述如下。     

呼气分析技术及其在临床诊断中的应用研究进展

呼气分析技术是一种通过检测呼出气体中特征性成分的变化,从而为临床诊断提供辅助信息的检查方法.与传统方法相比,该技术具有无创伤、简捷、易实现等优点,在疾病的早期诊断与筛查过程中具有巨大潜力,但在临床医学实际应用中尚存在一些问题亟待解决.阐述呼气分析技术中呼气采集、检测方法以及在疾病诊断中的应用等三方面内容,对国内外呼吸诊...     

基于人工智能技术的抑郁症研究进展

人工智能已尝试应用于临床医学各领域。作为最常见的精神疾病之一,抑郁症近来成为研究热点。本文综述人工智能相关技术在抑郁症中的应用,包括基于人工智能的声学特征、脑电和生理生化信息及脑影像学分析等抑郁症识别和辅助诊断方法,及其在抑郁症预警和干预方面的应用,并讨论其优势、不足与展望。     

浅析医院信息系统应用的可持续发展

医院信息系统(HIS)是计算机技术、通信技术和管理科学在医院信息管理中的应用,是计算机技术对医院管理、临床医学、医院信息管理长期影响、渗透以及相互结合的产物,它与医院建设和医学科学技术的发展同步。医院要可持续发展,必须在优质、高效、低耗等管理原则上下功夫,依托信息     

下一代诊断病理学

随着人类基因组测序、生物大数据信息分析、分子病理检测和人工智能辅助病理诊断等技术进步及其应用, 临床医学发展迈向精准诊疗时代。这一时代背景下, 传统诊断病理学迎来前所未有的历史机遇, 正在向"下一代诊断病理学(next-generation diagnostic pathology)"迈进。下一代诊断病理学以病理形态和临床信息为诊断基础, 以分子检测与生物信息分析、智慧制样与流程质控、智能诊断与远程会诊、病灶活体可视化与"无创"病理诊断等创新前沿交叉技术为主要特征, 以多组学和跨尺度整合诊断为病理报告内容, 实现对疾病的"最后诊断", 并预测疾病演进和结局、建议治疗方案和评估治疗反应, 形成新的疾病诊断"金标准"。未来, 需要激发病理学科创新活力, 加快下一代诊断病理学成熟和应用, 重塑病理学科理论和技术体系, 发挥诊断病理学在疾病"防、诊、治、养"等过程中的重要作用, 促进临床医学进一步发展, 服务健康中国战略。     

放射免疫分析在遗传病诊断和筛查中的应用

放射免疫分析(radioimmunoassay,RIA)具有灵敏度高、特异性强等特点。近年来,随着计算机技术在该领域的应用,RIA数据处理的准确性和速度均得到大大提高。使该技术兼有简便、快速等优点,从而使RIA技术不仅可用于临床医学诊断,还可用于大面积的疾病筛查。本文就RIA在遗传病的诊断和筛查中的应用予以综述。     

小学低年级学生英语学业情绪的特点研究

增强现实是一种将计算机产生的图形、文字和注释等虚拟信息和真实场景信息有机拼接融合,对用户或使用者的视听系统等进行增强的技术[1].以增强现实为基础的学习是否可以从内部积极学业情绪激发影响高效率学习的效果?基于以上考量,本文将初步考察小学生的英语学业情绪特点,构建小学生英语学业情绪的特征关系,以期为进一步考察增强现实学习...     

混合现实技术在经皮椎间孔入路腰椎间盘切除术临床教学中的应用

目的旨在探索混合现实技术在经皮椎间孔入路腰椎间盘切除术临床教学中的应用。方法通过与清华大学团队合作,将经皮椎间孔入路腰椎间盘切除术通过混合现实技术得以呈现。从北京协和医院外科轮转住院医师和协和八年制实习生中随机选取混合现实组和传统教学组各12人,保证年龄、性别、年资匹配。两组学生分别采用传统教学及应用混合现实技术的授课方式。课后针对授课的交互性、趣味性、三维空间想象及对知识的理解程度进行问卷调研和课后测试。结果本研究率先运用混合现实技术,以经皮椎间孔入路腰椎间盘切除术为例,采用头戴式虚拟现实设备创设学习情境,将三维立体的空间结构直观呈现出来。两组学生在对知识的掌握程度上无明显差异,但混合现实组在学习的主动性、趣味性和三维立体想象力等方面具有显著优势。结论混合现实技术在医学教学中应用潜力巨大、前景广阔,可提高医学教学的形象化、交互性和三维空间感。混合现实技术结合力反馈,进行专科医师的模拟训练具有重要的发展前景。     

《生物医学工程与临床》稿约

《生物医学工程与临床》是天津市生物医学工程学会、天津市第三中心医院联合主办的生物医学工程及其相关临床医学的综合性学术刊物,已成为国家科技部《中国科技论文统计源期刊》(中国科技核心期刊)。报道国内外有关生物医学工程及其在临床中的研究、应用,为生物医学工程学和其相关的临床医学工作者架起学科间桥梁。本刊以广大的临床医学医生、生物医学工程学工作者、临床工程人员、高等院校师生、医药行业工程技术人员及其他科技人员、管理人员和关心科学的热心大众为主要读者对象。栏目包括基础研究、临床研究、临床工程、专家论坛、综述、技术交流、信息动态等。     

《生物医学工程与临床》稿约

《生物医学工程与临床》是天津市生物医学工程学会、天津市第三中心医院联合主办的生物医学工程及其相关临床医学的综合性学术刊物,已成为国家科技部《中国科技论文统计源期刊》(中国科技核心期刊)。报道国内外有关生物医学工程及其在临床中的研究、应用,为生物医学工程学和其相关的临床医学工作者架起学科间桥梁。本刊以广大的临床医学医生、生物医学工程学工作者、临床工程人员、高等院校师生、医药行业工程技术人员及其他科技人员、管理人员和关心科学的热心大众为主要读者对象。栏目包括基础研究、临床研究、临床工程、专家论坛、综述、技术交流、信息动态等。     

Personalized augmented reality for anatomy education

Anatomy education is a challenging but vital element in forming future medical professionals. In this work, a personalized and interactive augmented reality system is developed to facilitate education. This system behaves as a “magic mirror” which allows personalized in‐situ visualization of anatomy on the user's body. Real‐time volume visualization of a CT dataset creates the illusion that the user can look inside their body. The system comprises a RGB‐D sensor as a real‐time tracking device to detect the user moving in front of a display. In addition, the magic mirror system shows text information, medical images, and 3D models of organs that the user can interact with. Through the participation of 7 clinicians and 72 students, two user studies were designed to respectively assess the precision and acceptability of the magic mirror system for education. The results of the first study demonstrated that the average precision of the augmented reality overlay on the user body was 0.96 cm, while the results of the second study indicate 86.1% approval for the educational value of the magic mirror, and 91.7% approval for the augmented reality capability of displaying organs in three dimensions. The usefulness of this unique type of personalized augmented reality technology has been demonstrated in this paper. Clin. Anat. 29:446–453, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Distinguishing different fictional worlds during sentence comprehension: ERP evidence

The neural mechanism of distinguishing reality from fiction has been explored recently. While people only represent one real world, they are likely to have representations for multiple fictional worlds. This study used event‐related potentials to investigate how different fictional events were distinguished during sentence comprehension. Participants read fictional events involving real people (e.g., President Bush) or unreal characters (e.g., Lord Voldemort). Inconsistency of reality was created by introducing real people into the events involving unreal characters or introducing unreal characters into the events involving real people. The results indicated that inconsistency in reality in both types of fictional events elicited a late positive effect, and an interaction between event type and consistency effect was found in medial sites. These results suggested that reality information is important for the construction and updating of situation models.     

Beyond Distraction: Virtual Reality Graded Exposure Therapy as Treatment for Pain‐Related Fear and Disability in Chronic Pain

The current review describes a novel virtual reality (VR) paradigm intended to optimize graded exposure treatment for pain‐related fear and associated disability in chronic musculoskeletal pain, focusing on chronic low back pain. By combining an established treatment protocol with the innovative Kinect system by Microsoft, virtual reality graded exposure therapy (VRGET) addresses several central limitations of traditional exposure and VR approaches to pain/disability treatment. In addition to mitigating costs associated with traditional exposure protocols, the VRGET platform facilitates patient treatment engagement, provides real‐time assessment of valuable outcome variables such as affective response and kinematic adaptation, and promotes generalizability of treatment gains across clinical and home environments. The current review provides an overview of current and future clinical directions for this new technology.     

Intelligent training system integrated in an echocardiography simulator

Computer simulators play an important role in medical education. We have extended our simulator EchoComJ with an intelligent training system (ITS) to support trainees adjusting echocardiographic standard views. EchoComJ is an augmented reality application that combines real three-dimensional ultrasound data with a virtual heart model enabling one to simulate an echocardiographic examination. The ITS analyzes the image planes according to their position, orientation and the visualization of anatomical landmarks using fuzzy rules. An adaptive feedback is provided that colors the specific anatomic landmarks within the contours of the virtual model based on the quality of the image plane.     

The virtual haptic back: A simulation for training in palpatory diagnosis

Background  

Models and simulations are finding increased roles in medical education. The Virtual Haptic Back (VHB) is a virtual reality simulation of the mechanical properties of the human back designed as an aid to teaching clinical palpatory diagnosis.     

混合现实技术在骨与软组织肿瘤精准手术中的应用探索

目的 探讨混合现实技术在骨与软组织肿瘤外科手术治疗中的临床应用价值。方法 选取上海交通大学附属第一人民医院骨科腋窝软组织肿瘤48岁女性住院患者1例,术前行64排螺旋CT平扫和增强扫描、3.0 T MR平扫,获得DICOM原始数据,导入Visual Volume三维重构软件系统,对目标区域各种组织区分后行可视化边缘检测、分割、提取和测算,生成STL格式的三维网格模型,再将三维模型通过Hololens眼镜映射到真实世界形成混合现实三维影像,协助医生在术前进行手术设计、模拟手术操作以及与患者有效沟通,并在混合现实技术引导下行肿瘤切除术。结果 利用基于CT、MRI影像学原始数据的高清重建,在混合现实技术引导下,本例患者手术中可视化清晰显示骨骼、肿瘤组织与周围解剖结构,手术路径清晰,准确定位并于边界外完整切除肿瘤组织;肿瘤周围血管神经保留完整,术后肢体感觉、运动功能良好。术后病理诊断:神经鞘瘤。结论 混合现实技术可在骨与软组织肿瘤术中协助确定肿瘤边界并切除肿瘤,在骨与软组织肿瘤手术的个体化治疗上具有发展潜力。     

混合现实技术在脊柱外科中的应用探索

近年来,混合现实技术在技术引领的现代医学中,已经越来越受到重视与青睐.目前,混合现实技术在脊柱外科中的应用尚处于探索初期.本文针对其在脊柱外科领域的手术、教学、医患沟通、远程医疗等方面的应用进行简要概述,提出该技术在该领域应用的问题和优势,为进一步研究提供理论基础和科学依据.     

Schizophrenia: the broken P300 and beyond.

Many of the social, economic, and political problems facing people with schizophrenia are due to a misconception in the community that schizophrenia is not a biologically based disease but a myth. Because the diagnosis is based on self-reported symptoms, it is difficult for many people to acknowledge that schizophrenia is real. One goal of psychophysiological research has been to anchor both diagnosis and symptoms in biological reality. Reduction of the amplitude of the P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) is the most replicable biological marker of the disease. Data are presented suggesting that P300 is both a state and a trait marker of the disease and may be sensitive to the progressive/degenerative course of the disease. Although the P300 tracks changes in clinical symptoms, it remains reduced even in patients in relative remission. P300 amplitude reduction is related to enduring negative symptoms, waning of attention, and gray matter volume deficits. ERP components other than P300 can also manifest the biological reality of various symptoms of the disease.     

External correlates of the SPECTRA: Indices of psychopathology (SPECTRA) in a clinical sample

The SPECTRA: Indices of Psychopathology is a broadband assessment inventory compatible with contemporary hierarchical models of psychopathology (internalizing, externalizing, reality impairing dimensions and global psychopathology factor). This study explored the SPECTRA's construct validity using a wide range of life event (extra-test) variables in a clinical sample. The life event variables included the following: education level, school failure, childhood adversity, suicide attempts, psychiatric hospitalizations, depression, psychotic symptoms, self-injury, substance abuse, arrests, physical violence, marital status, employment status and current medications. Results showed that all SPECTRA clinical scales had significant life event correlations. For the higher-order Spectra scales, the global index of psychopathology had the greatest number and range of life event correlations. Correlations for the externalizing and reality impairing Spectra scales provided solid validity evidence, while correlations for the internalizing Spectra scale were more diffuse. These findings provide the first non-test-based evidence of construct validity for the SPECTRA.     

Virtual reality aided visualization of fluid flow simulations with application in medical education and diagnostics

Medical education, training and preoperative diagnostics can be drastically improved with advanced technologies, such as virtual reality. The method proposed in this paper enables medical doctors and students to visualize and manipulate three-dimensional models created from CT or MRI scans, and also to analyze the results of fluid flow simulations. Simulation of fluid flow using the finite element method is performed, in order to compute the shear stress on the artery walls. The simulation of motion through the artery is also enabled. The virtual reality system proposed here could shorten the length of training programs and make the education process more effective.