门静脉支架结合经动脉化疗栓塞在肝癌伴门静脉癌栓中的应用价值

目的：探讨门静脉支架结合经动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的临床效果。方法．27例肝癌伴门静脉癌栓均采用经皮肝穿门静脉途径植入门静脉支架,1周后行TACE。记录手术成功、狭窄开通、并发症和手术死亡发生情况,随访支架通畅期和患者生存期。结果：门静脉通路穿刺成功率100％（27／27）;门静脉支架置入成功率96．3％（26／27）;发生肝性脑病3例及肝衰竭4例。支架中位通畅期6个月（1。18个月）,治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月以上患者生存率分别为51．85％（14／27）、29．63％（8／27）、18．52％（5／27）。结论：对肝癌伴门静脉癌栓,采用支架开通门静脉主干及分支为非肿瘤所在肝叶的门静脉,结合TACE治疗,可取得较好的疗效。     

原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的经动脉化疗栓塞治疗

目的分析经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)对肝癌并门静脉癌栓(PVTT)患者的治疗作用。方法对106例肝癌并门静脉癌栓患者行TACE治疗。治疗前后观察肝癌病灶及门静脉癌栓的变化。结果23例肿瘤缩小50%以上,50%以下的有25例,不变的有44例,增大12例。门静脉癌栓14例消失,39例缩小,51例不变。2例术后1周内死亡。结论TACE治疗肝癌并门静脉内癌栓可取得良好效果。     

125I粒子条联合门静脉支架及化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

目的 评估125I粒子条联合金属支架门静脉内植入+动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉主干癌栓的疗效.方法 选取17例原发性肝癌伴门静脉主干癌栓患者,行125I粒子条联合门静脉内支架+TACE.粒子植入数量17～23粒(6711型,0.7 mCi/粒),第1个半衰期组织内平均吸收剂量为73.51～76.22 Gy.疗效和不良反应评价指标包括:术后并发症,肝肾功能及血常规改变等.采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析患者的生存时间、支架通畅时间、累积生存率和累积支架通畅率.结果 所有患者门静脉支架和125I粒子条均成功植入,未发生手术相关严重并发症.术后随访2～13个月,12例存活,5例死亡(肝功能衰竭4例,多发转移1例).60、180和360 d的累积支架通畅率为94%、94%和94%;累积生存率为87%、65%和53%.结论 125I粒子条联合金属支架门静脉内植入+动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉主干癌栓可以提高支架通畅率,延长生存时间.但远期效果尚需进一步观察.     

门静脉支架联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的临床研究

目的 探讨经皮肝门静脉内支架植入术(PTPVS)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的临床疗效及安全性,并探索影响疗效的因素.方法 2009年1月- 2010年10月在已临床确诊为肝癌伴门静脉癌栓患者中,按要求筛选病例62例,采用对照、非随机方法分为治疗组和对照组,对照组30例单接受TACE治疗;治疗组3...     

超声引导下置入内支架治疗癌栓性门静脉高压

目的 探讨通过超声引导经皮肝穿途径向门脉内放置内支架治疗癌栓引起的门静脉高压的效果。方法 对6例原发性肝癌合并门静脉主干癌栓引起门脉高压症的病人采用超声引导经皮肝穿门脉内支架置入术，并于术后随访6个月．18个月。结果 6例采用超声引导经皮肝穿门脉内支架置入术治疗癌栓引起门脉高压均获得成功，技术成功率100％，术后肝功能明显改善，未发生与操作相关的严重并发症。结论 门静脉主干癌栓引起门脉高压症，采用超声引导下内支架置入术治疗，方法简单，成功率高，疗效显著，能提高患者生存质量，延长其生存期。     

原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的外科治疗

目的:探讨原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓(PVTT)外科治疗的方法及疗效。方法:27例均行肝癌连同PVTT切除或经门静脉断端取栓或切开主干取栓。术后18例同时行肝动脉及门静脉化疗,单纯行5例肝动脉插管化疗栓塞术(TACE),未做化疗4例。结果:术后1、3、5年生存率分别为66.7%(18/27)、29.63%(8/27)、11.11%(3/27)。结论:外科手术是治疗肝癌合并PVTT的有效方法,术后辅以门静脉化疗及TACE术能明显提高治疗效果。     

门静脉癌栓微波消融及射频消融治疗80例分析

目的 报道两种针对肝癌门静脉癌栓的治疗技术,并比较其疗效.方法 本研究共纳入162例肝癌合并门脉癌栓的患者.治疗组中80例患者在经肝动脉插管化疗栓塞术(TACE)基础上接受了直接微波消融术、射频消融等治疗方案,对照组82例患者仅接受TACE术.结合文献报道及医疗实践,我们探讨了合理的标准手术流程并分析了临床结果.结果 未观察到严重并发症.术后3个月时复查肝脏增强MRI显示5例(6.2％)患者静脉癌栓完全消失,14例(17.5％)患者静脉癌栓明显缩小,43例(53.8％)静脉癌栓稳定,18例(22.5％)静脉癌栓进展.治疗组门静脉癌栓进展显著慢于对照组(P＜0.001).结论 直接微波消融术用于肝内段门静脉癌栓,经皮肝穿刺门静脉消融导管术用于肝外段门静脉癌栓上较为安全有效.     

门静脉支架联合125I粒子条植入治疗门脉癌栓12例

目的 介绍用门静脉支架联合125I粒子条对合并门脉癌栓的肝癌患者的综合治疗方法.方法 汇集自2014年以来中国医科大学附属盛京医院放射科收治的肝癌合并门脉癌栓的患者12例,分析其临床、影像、实验室检查资料,完成经皮经肝门静脉穿刺及支架联合125I粒子条植入术,统计手术的可行性、安全性及并发症,讨论支架的通畅情况及患者的生存情况.结果 手术成功12例(100％),2例支架未开通,其中1例并发穿刺点出血,1例并发呕血.10例患者接受随访,平均随访时间8.0个月(2～15个月),平均生存时间8.0个月(2～15个月).术后3、6和9个月及1年生存率分别为7/9、7/9、5/8和3/6.门脉支架平均通畅时间7.5个月(0～15个月).术后3、6和9个月、1年门静脉通畅率分别为7/9、6/9、5/8和3/6.随访期内共8例患者行后续TACE治疗,共行TACE 18例次,术后肝功能稳定.结论 门静脉支架联合125I粒子条植入可以降低癌栓分级、维持支架通畅、保证门脉供血、扩大TACE适应证,对合并门脉癌栓的肝细胞癌患者具有较大的综合治疗价值.     

中西抗癌药动脉化疗栓塞治疗转移性肝癌的疗效观察

经皮经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗术(TACE)目前是转移性肝癌的首选疗法之一,因门静脉供血、侧支循环建立、肝动静脉瘘、门脉癌栓以及肝功能损害等不易控制的因素影响,疗效不甚理想.为此我们采用中西抗癌药动脉化疗栓塞治疗转移性肝癌,疗效良好,报告如下.     

胆道内支架置入结合动脉化疗栓塞术治疗恶性胆道梗阻

目的探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道内支架置入术结合动脉化疗栓塞治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床疗效。方法12例恶性胆道梗阻病人采用经皮肝穿刺胆道内支架置入术,2周后行供血动脉灌注化疗和/或化疗栓塞,每月一次。结果12例病人共放置国产网状支架14枚。11例病人血清胆红素水平由术前534±120μmol/L降至术后的45±23μmol/L。半年以上生存率83.3%,一年以上生存率50%,2例病人4个月后因胆管再次梗阻第二次置放支架。12例病人共行动脉化疗栓塞35次,显示了明确疗效。结论经皮肝穿刺胆道内支架置入术结合动脉化疗栓塞是治疗恶性胆道梗阻安全、有效的方法。     

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invading the Main Portal Vein: Treatment with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and Portal Vein Stenting

To retrospectively analyze the therapeutic results of percutaneous transhepatic portal vein stenting (PTPVS) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment in 58 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invading the main portal vein (MPV). A total of 58 procedures of PTPVS were performed, immediately after which TACE was undertaken to control HCC. The clinical effects, complications, digital subtraction angiographic appearance, stent patency rates, cumulative survival rates, and predictive factors for survival were evaluated. The Kaplan–Meyer method and the log rank test were used for survival analysis. Multivariable analysis was also conducted by the Cox proportional hazard model. No patient died during stent placement or within the first 24 h. No severe procedure-related complications were observed. After stent placement, the mean ± standard deviation portal venous pressure levels decreased from 41.43 ± 8.56 cmH₂O to 37.19 ± 7.89 cmH₂O (p < 0.01). At the time of analysis, 9 of the 58 patients survived. The 60-, 180-, 360-, and 720-day cumulative patency rates were 98.1%, 71.0%, 52.6%, and 42.1%, respectively, with a mean patency time of 552.9 ± 88.2 days and a median patency time of 639.00 ± 310.00 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 31.40–1246.60) days. The 60-, 180-, 360-, and 720-day cumulative survival rates for the total study population were 74.1%, 27.1%, 17.2%, and 13.8%, respectively, with a median survival time of 113 ± 27.29 (95% CI, 59.51–166.49) days. In the univariate analysis, the following six variables were significantly associated with the prognosis: (1) HCC type; (2) Child-Pugh grade; (3) MPV stenosis/occlusion; (4) arteriovenous shunt; (5) iodized oil deposition; and (6) number of TACE procedure. In addition, having diffuse-type HCC and Child-Pugh grade B disease were each independent factors associated with decreased survival time in the multivariate analysis. PTPVS-TACE is feasible and may be useful to control HCC invading the MPV.     

Safety and Efficacy of Irradiation Stent Placement for Malignant Portal Vein Thrombus Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single-Center Experience

Purpose

To assess feasibility, safety, and preliminary efficacy of an irradiation portal vein stent for portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的金属内支架治疗的初步研究

目的研究肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的门静脉金属内支架治疗的临床效果。资料与方法19例肝癌门静脉癌栓患者采用穿肝或穿脾途径置入门静脉金属内支架，记录手术成功率，狭窄开通率，并发症和手术死亡率，随访支架通畅期和患者生存期。结果手术成功率为94．7％，狭窄开通率77．8％，2例发生肝性脑病、肝功能衰竭。支架中位通畅期4个月，治疗后3个月、6个月、1年患者生存率分别为43．8％(7／16)、25％(4／16)、12．5％(2／16)。结论巨块型肝癌合并门静脉癌栓，无远处广泛转移的患者采用支架置于远端为非肿瘤所在肝叶的治疗方法可取得较好的疗效。     

Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Infiltrative Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Clinical Safety and Efficacy and Factors Influencing Patient Survival

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to identify the prognostic factors associated with patient survival.

Materials and Methods

Fifty two patients who underwent TACE for infiltrative HCC were evaluated between 2007 and 2010. The maximum diameter of the tumors ranged from 7 cm to 22 cm (median 15 cm). Of 46 infiltrative HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis, 32 patients received adjuvant radiation therapy for portal vein tumor thrombosis after TACE.

Results

The tumor response by European Association for the Study of the Liver criteria was partial in 18%, stable in 47%, and progressive in 35% of the patients. The median survival time was 5.7 months (Kaplan-Meier analysis). The survival rates were 48% at six months, 25% at one year, and 12% at two years. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, Child-Pugh class (p = 0.02), adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.003) and tumor response after TACE (p = 0.004) were significant factors associated with patient survival. Major complications occurred in nine patients. The major complication rate was significantly higher in patients with Child-Pugh B than in patients with Child-Pugh A (p = 0.049, χ² test).

Conclusion

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization can be a safe treatment option in infiltrative HCC patients with Child Pugh class A. Child Pugh class A, radiotherapy for portal vein tumor thrombosis after TACE and tumor response are good prognostic factors for an increased survival after TACE in patients with infiltrative HCCs.     

Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Invasion: Safety,Efficacy, and Prognostic Factors

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization and to identify the prognostic factors associated with survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal vein (PV) invasion.Materials and MethodsFrom January 2006 to March 2012, 50 patients with HCC invading into the PV (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C) were treated with transarterial chemoembolization. The parenchymal tumor and PV tumor were confirmed by multidetector computed tomography (CT) and angiography. There were 14 patients with right PV tumor, 12 patients with left PV tumor, and 24 patients with main PV tumor. The response was evaluated by multidetector CT using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Patients with residual tumors received repeated transarterial chemoembolization every 6–8 weeks unless the patients achieved complete remission or developed contraindications.ResultsThe median survival period of the entire group was 6.2 months (range, 1.7–50.9 mo), and the overall response rate was 42% (21 of 50 patients). The 6-month, 12-month, 24-month, and 36-month survival rates were 54%, 22%, 10%, and 8%. There were no instances of 30-day mortality or acute liver failure related to transarterial chemoembolization. The median survival of the 21 responders was 10.5 months, and the median survival of the 29 nonresponders was 5.5 months (P < .001). In both univariate and multivariate analyses, only the response to transarterial chemoembolization (hazard ratio = 0.25, P < .001) and the absence of ascites (hazard ratio = 0.24, P = .01) were significant prognostic factors.ConclusionsTransarterial chemoembolization is a safe and effective treatment for HCC with major PV invasion. The response to transarterial chemoembolization and the ascites status were the most significant predictive factors for prolonged survival.     

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Portal Hypertension in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus

Purpose

In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), limited therapeutic options are available for portal hypertension resulted from portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). We aimed to determine safety and efficacy of TIPS for treatment of symptomatic portal hypertension in HCC with PVTT.

Methods

We evaluated clinical characteristics of 95 patients with HCC and PVTT out of 992 patients who underwent TIPS. The primary endpoints included success rate, procedural mortality, serious complications, decrease in portosystemic pressure gradient, and symptom relief. The secondary endpoints included recurrence of portal hypertension, overall survival, adverse events related to treatments for HCC, and quality of life measured by Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS).

Results

Success rate of TIPS was 95.8% (91/95), with procedural mortality of 1.1%. Serious complications related to TIPS procedure occurred in 2.1% (2/95) of patients. The symptoms of portal hypertension were well relieved. Variceal bleeding was successfully controlled and terminated in 100% of patients, with a recurrence rate of 39.2% in 12 months. Refractory ascites/hydrothorax was controlled partially or completely in 92.9% of patients during 1 month after TIPS, with a recurrence rate of 17.9% in 12 months. Survival rate at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months was 75.8, 52.7, 26.4, and 3.3%, respectively. No unexpected adverse event related to treatments for HCC was observed. The KPS score was 49 ± 4.5 and 63 ± 4.7 before and 1 month after TIPS, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

TIPS is a safe and efficacious treatment for symptomatic portal hypertension in HCC with PVTT.

     

Transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma invading the portal veins: therapeutic effects and prognostic factors

PURPOSE: This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effects of transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invading the portal veins and to identify prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one patients underwent chemoembolization. The HCC had invaded the main portal vein in 23 patients, a first-order branch in 25 patients and a second-order branch in 13 patients. The hepatic arteries feeding the tumors were embolized with gelatin sponge after a mixture of iodized oil and anticancer drugs was injected via these vessels. Tumor response was evaluated by measuring tumor sizes on CT images. A reduction in maximum diameter of 25% or more was considered to indicate response to chemoembolization. Significant prognostic factors were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Tumor size was reduced by 25% or more in 26 patients (43%). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 42, 11 and 3%, respectively, with mean survival of 15 months in all patients. In the univariate analysis, the following six variables were significantly associated with prognosis: (i) tumor response; (ii) ascites; (iii) accumulation of iodized oil in tumor thrombi; (iv) in main tumors; (v) Okuda classification; and (vi) tumor size. In the multivariate analysis, the first three of these factors showed significantly independent values for patient prognosis. CONCLUSION: Chemoembolization appears to be an effective treatment for HCCs invading the portal venous system. The prognostic factors identified here are expected to be helpful in classifying patients with HCCs invading the portal veins and should serve as useful guidelines for chemoembolization in clinical practice.     

肝动脉门静脉双介入化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌

目的探讨肝动脉门静脉双介入化疗栓塞方法治疗原发性肝癌的可行性及临床应用。方法28例原发性肝癌患者均行超声引导下经皮穿肝至门脉造影同时行股动脉穿刺肝动脉置管造影。依据肿瘤所属肝动脉、门静脉分支的范围,数目及血流情况选择适当化疗药物和栓塞剂进行治疗。结果手术后1个月复查肿瘤均有不同程度缩小,碘油沉积大部分良好。4例患者正准备接受二期手术切除。无严重并发症出现。8例患者术后1周出现一过性肝功能异常,经保肝治疗2周后好转。结论肝动脉门静脉双介入化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌是安全有效的方法。