全麻和全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在食管癌根治术中的效果比较

目的比较食管癌根治术患者采用全麻及全麻复合硬膜外阻滞的麻醉效果。方法收集来我院进行治疗的71例食管癌患者。随机分为全麻组36例,全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组35例,对两组患者的手术情况、术中麻醉维持用药量、围术期各时间点MAP和HR、两组患者术毕至清醒时各项指标进行比较。结果全麻与复合硬膜外阻滞组比较,全麻组具有较高的异氟醚、阿曲库铵、丙泊酚的用量,两组间的差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。在诱导后、切皮、病灶切除MAP及心率两组比较差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。与全麻组比较,全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组的吞咽反射、SPO2〉90％、拔除气管导管、睁眼实验阳性、完全清醒的时间经统计学分析差异均具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论食管癌患者采用全麻复合硬膜外阻滞进行手术能够降低药物的用量．减少患者的术后躁动．具有更为稳定的血流动力学。     

不同浓度罗哌卡因用于肌间沟臂丛阻滞的临床对比研究

目的：观察3种浓度罗哌卡因肌间沟臂丛阻滞的效果和不良反应。方法：84例择期行上肢手术患者，随机分为A、B、C、D4组，每组21例。分别采用0．25％、0．375％、0．5％浓度罗派卡因和0．25％布比卡因行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞。观察感觉神经、运动阻滞时间及阻滞程度、镇痛持续时间、不良反应。结果：B、C组感觉神经阻滞、运动阻滞和镇痛持续时间明显较A组延长（P〈0．05），B、C组运动阻滞程度明显较A组增强（P〈0．01）。结论：3种浓度罗哌卡因肌间沟臂丛阻滞均可满足手术要求，但0．375％罗派卡因更适合于肌间沟臂丛阻滞。     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因术后病人硬膜外自控镇痛的疗效观察

目的：观察罗哌卡因与布比卡因术后病人硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）的各自疗效并进行评估。方法：60例择期经膀胱前列腺摘除病人。随机分R、B两组各30例。术中均采取L2-3硬膜外阻滞麻醉，给0．75％罗哌卡因和2％利多卡因对半混合液，术后保留硬膜外导管。术毕两组均给负荷量罗利对半混合液5ml。背景输入2ml／h，PCA量0．5ml，锁定时间15min。PCA药液R组0．15％罗哌卡因＋芬太尼3ug/ml＋地塞米松0．1mg/ml＋Ns共100ml，B组0．15％布比卡因＋芬太尼3ug/ml＋地塞米松0．1mg/ml＋NS共100ml。术后6、12、24、48h分别观察BP、HR、RR、SpO2、疼痛评分（VAS）、恶心、呕吐及下肢麻木。结果：两组病人镇痛效果无统计学差异（P〉0．05），恶心、呕吐的发生率也无差异（P〉0．05），下肢麻木的发生两组间差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：罗哌卡因用于PCEA不但与布比卡因有相同的疗效，而且优于布比卡因。     

罗哌卡因和布比卡因颈臂丛阻滞麻醉效果比较观察

目的：观察比较罗哌卡因和布比卡因颈臂丛阻滞麻醉效果。方法：将拟行肩锁部手术40例,随机分为罗哌卡因组和布比卡因组各20例。罗哌卡因组分3次注射0．25%罗哌卡因共30ml,布比卡因组分3次注射0．25％布比卡因共30ml。观察两组感觉神经、运动神经阻滞起效时间和维持时间,常规监测麻醉前、手术开始、手术开始后15、30、45、60min及术后1h的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、平均血压（MAP）、心率（HR）和血氧饱和度（SaO2）的变化。结果：两组感觉神经阻滞起效及维持时间相似,无显著差异（P〉0．05）;运动神经阻滞起效和维持时间罗哌卡因组显著慢于和短于布比卡因组（P〈0．05）。两组SBP、DBP、MAP、HR和SaQ变化与麻醉前比较,无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：罗哌卡因和布比卡颈臂丛联合阻滞麻醉效果相当,而罗哌卡因毒性低,使用更安全。     

芬太尼滴鼻复合丙泊酚在人工流产术中麻醉效果观察

目的探讨芬太尼滴鼻用于人工流产术的安全性和有效性。方法60例美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄20～40岁,体重40～65kg,随机均分为两组,芬太尼稀释至2mL：观察组（A组）经鼻滴入芬太尼1μg/kg;对照组（B组）静注芬太尼1μg/kg。患者用药2min后均静注丙泊酚1．5～2mg／kg,患者意识消失即开始手术,酌情追加丙泊酚0．5～1mg／kg。记录用药前（T0）、用药后2min（T1）、静注丙泊酚后1min（T1）、2min（T3）及清醒时（L）的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、脉搏氧饱和度（SpO2）、丙泊酚用量、诊疗时间、意识恢复时间、术后恶心、呕吐、嗜睡发生情况。结果MAP两组在T1～T4时均低于L时（P〈0．05）,组间比较无统计学意义,SpO2在T2、B时A组低于B组（P〈0．05）,B组T1～T3时低于T0时（P〈0．05）;丙泊酚用量两组差异无统计学意义。结论1μg/kg芬太尼滴鼻复合丙泊酚静注用于人工流产术是安全有效的。     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因舒芬太尼用于老年患者PCEA的比较分析

目的：研究罗哌卡因与布比卡因用于老年患者PCEA的比较分析。方法：108例病人随机分为3组,A组0．15％布比卡因组;B组0．12％罗哌卡因组;C组0．2％罗哌卡因组。麻醉为连续硬膜外麻醉,手术接近结束时连接PCEA泵。记录术后4．8、12、24、48h的镇痛效果。结果：VAS评分三组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,Bmmage评分A组高于B,C组（P〈0．05）,差异有显著性。结论：罗哌卡因较布比卡因组的患者术后活动能力恢复早,B组（0．12％罗哌卡因）用于老年术后患者为有效安全剂量。     

0.75%罗哌卡因和0.5%布比卡因用于摇摆状态下蛛网膜下腔阻滞的比较研究

目的 比较研究模拟舰船摇摆状态下罗哌卡因和布比卡因腰麻的麻醉平面和血流动力学异同,以优化海上船体摇摆情况下腰麻的用药。方法 80例择期下腹部及下肢手术患者随机分为罗哌卡因水平位对照组（R1）、布比卡因水平位对照组（B1）、罗哌卡因模拟摇摆组（R2）、布比卡因模拟摇摆组（B2）。比较观察4组患者的麻醉效果、血流动力学变化以及相关的副反应等。结果B2组麻醉平面较B1组高2．7个节段（P〈0．01）,其平面固定时间较B1组延长（P〈0．05）。R1组与B1组比较,麻醉效果除麻醉平面相似外,其余各项观察指标均有显著差异（P〈0．01）。R2组较R1组麻醉平面固定时间明显延长,两组痛觉减退和消失平面在注药后15min出现统计学差异,麻醉平面固定后R2组的痛觉减退和消失平面要较R1组分别高1．2和2个节段（P〈0．01）。感觉阻滞起效时间、痛觉阻滞向头延伸时间及持续总时间、最高痛觉消失平面、运动阻滞起效和持续时间、达最大运动阻滞时间,R2与B2组比较均有显著差异（P〈0．01）,麻醉平面B2组较R2组高1．4个节段。结论 在体位急剧改变状态下,0．75％罗哌卡因和0．5％布比卡因均可用于蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉。罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞血流动力学更稳定,麻醉更显安全。     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因复合芬太尼用于老年食管癌根治术后镇痛

目的：比较低浓度罗哌卡因与布比卡因用于硬膜外病人自控镇痛（patient—controlled epidural analgesia，PCEA）对食管癌根治术病人的镇痛效果及其对内分泌功能的影响。方法：66例择期行食管癌根治术的老年患者，ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级，随机分2组，各33例：A组（0．125％罗哌卡因100ml，内含芬太尼4μg/ml、昂丹司琼5mg），B组（0．125％布比卡因100ml，内含芬太尼4μg/ml、昂丹司琼5mg）。对比术后镇痛效果并分别于麻醉前、切皮后90rain、术后1、2、3天分别抽血测定血糖、胰岛素、皮质醇、肾上腺素浓度。结果：A、B组镇痛效果均满意。综合镇痛质量A组优于B组，两组于切皮后90min血皮质醇、血糖浓度均升高，但A组低于B组（P〈0．05），术毕60min均达高峰，术后24～48h虽有下降，但仍明显高于麻醉前水平（P〈0．05）；血胰岛素及肾上腺素水平两组术后无明显升高。结论：低浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼用于老年食管癌根治术后PCEA可良好镇痛，能有效抑制术后机体应激反应，不良反应小，有利于术后病人的恢复。     

骶管阻滞麻醉术在小儿放射介入治疗中的应用

目的 探讨骶管阻滞术应用于小儿介入放射治疗的麻醉管理及可行性.方法 将80例患儿随机分为两组,每组各40例:Ⅰ组骶管阻滞给予 0.8%利多卡因、0.2%罗哌卡因混合液0.8 ml/kg,术中给予丙泊酚3～5 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)维持;Ⅱ组麻醉维持用丙泊酚6-10 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1).结果 两组患儿介入治疗均顺利完成.术中Ⅰ组3例患儿麻醉阻滞下面达到T8,收缩压下降超过15%,调整丙泊酚用量,补液处理后血压逐步回升.2例患儿需要术中追加氯胺酮.Ⅱ组病例中有8例在术中SpO_2降至90%以下,辅助通气并调整麻醉用药后,SpO_2升至98%.12例患儿出现心率显著减慢.调整丙泊酚剂量后心率逐步恢复.4例患儿需要术中追加氯胺酮.结论 骶管阻滞复合静脉麻醉是安全有效的小儿介入治疗麻醉管理方案之一.     

雷米芬太尼复合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的：观察雷米芬太尼、芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术全凭静脉麻醉诱导、维持及苏醒的效果。方法：ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术40例，随机分为雷米太尼组（RF组）和芬太尼组（F组），每组20例。观察麻醉诱导气管插管即刻、切皮时、气腹后5min、10min、20min时的SBP、DBP和HR变化；术毕拔管时间和清醒时间比较。结果：在插管即刻、气腹后5min、10min、20minRF组SBP、DBP变化显著小于F组（P〈0．05或P＜0．01）；插管即刻和切皮时RF组HR变化显著小于F组（P〈0．05）。在全麻恢复期RF组病人拔管时间和苏醒时间显著短于F组（P〈0．05或P＜0．01）。结论：雷米芬太尼复合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术，诱导平稳，循环稳定，苏醒迅速，麻醉效果满意。     

Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients

Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of. During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet persons.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma

Background

The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unselected patients treated for glioblastoma (GB) at a single center with surgery, standard radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). From 1999?C2005, the institutional protocol included surgery and RT with TMZ. From 2005 on, adjuvant TMZ was routinely added.

Patients and Methods

Between April 1999 and September 2009, 181 patients with GB were treated with RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant TMZ (75 mg/m²/day throughout RT). Biopsy only had been performed in 53 patients (29.3%), 128 patients (70.7%) had undergone resection, which was complete based on postoperative MRI in 51 patients (28.2%). Adjuvant TMZ was applied in 67 of 181 patients (37%).

Results

Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 (95% CI, 13.1?C16.8) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.9?C8.5), respectively. After complete resection, partial/subtotal resection and biopsy, median OS was 23.20, 14.75, and 7.89 months (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, extent of resection (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky??s performance score (p < 0.0001) and adjuvant TMZ (p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS. RT with concomitant TMZ was well tolerated in the majority of patients and could be completed as scheduled in 146 patients (80.7%), while 11 patients (6.1%) discontinued RT. Another 35 patients (19.3%) interrupted concomitant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

RT with concomitant TMZ is a feasible regimen with acceptable toxicity in routine practice. Our data are compatible with a beneficial effect of adjuvant TMZ on OS and PFS.     

MEBO药纱门诊治疗烧(烫)伤71例的体会

作者报道用MEBO药纱敷盖门诊治疗烧（烫）伤71例，均获治愈。经随访1年，深Ⅱ度创面疤痕发生率为15％（3／20），浅Ⅲ度创面疤痕发生率为38．9％（7／18）。     

Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery

Thirty-three patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma were studied prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR). In this group, 30 underwent examination with computed tomography (CT), 15 underwent thoracotomy, six had mediastinal biopsy procedures performed, and eight underwent bronchoscopy. MR studies, which included transaxial spin-echo imaging (TR, 0.5 and 2.0 sec; TE, 28 and 56 msec) of all patients and sagittal or coronal imaging of 18, were performed without knowledge of CT findings, using only plain radiographs as a guide. CT and MR studies were interpreted separately. CT and MR provided comparable information regarding the presence and size of mediastinal lymph nodes. MR better discriminated mediastinal nodes from vascular structures. However, in two of 11 patients who had multiple mediastinal lymph nodes that were normal in size at CT examination and surgery, MR suggested a confluent abnormal mass, probably because of its poorer spatial resolution. MR was superior to CT in showing enlarged hilar lymph nodes, but CT was better for demonstrating bronchial abnormalities. In three of four patients who had a proved hilar mass with distal obstructive pneumonia, MR (TR, 2.0 sec) helped distinguish between the mass and collapsed lung.     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…     

臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例

2006年10月至2007年4月,我科采用引进的德国赫尔曼Medozon型臭氧发生装置系统产生的臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

Tumor Burden Assessment with Positron Emission Tomography with

Objective: In patients with advanced cancer, total tumor burden affects the likelihood of tumor response and has important implications for prognosis. The aim of this study was to select the optimum 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) tumor uptake parameter to accurately measure tumor burden in advanced metastatic renal cell cancer, in comparison with volumes measured with computed tomography (CT), as a reference test.Materials and Methods: Six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma measurable on CT were studied. CT and FDG PET scans were carried out on all patients within 4 weeks prior to their entry into a phase I-II radioimmunotherapy trial. CT-based evaluation of disease extent (tumor volume) and 4 PET-based measurements (standardized uptake value[SUVmax], SUVav, volume, and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were performed independently by a radiologist (VN) and a nuclear medicine physician (TA). The degree of correlation between conventional (CT) extent of disease and parameters describing tumor concentration of FDG was then determined.Results: Fifty-seven CT-measurable metastatic lesions in lung, abdomen, and scalp were evaluated in 6 patients. There was a high correlation between CT and FDG PET volume estimates for lesions greater than 5 cm(3) in size. However, a PET-derived parameter that embodies both FDG uptake and lesion size, the TLG, correlated better with CT-derived tumor volume than did FDG PET volume alone.Conclusion: Using CT volume as a gold standard, the optimal PET-based estimate of total tumor burden in patients with metastatic renal cancer is the sum over all lesions of the total lesion glycolysis.