The effectiveness of various degrees and circumstances of program completion of young male offenders in a residential treatment center

Boys admitted to a treatment facility do not always complete their treatment. This study analyzes the follow-up socialized coping of boys preponderantly classified as conduct disordered who were admitted to a residential treatment center. The boys were categorized into 10 different groups, only 1 of which consisted of those who actually completed treatment. The differences between groups and subsequent coping were fairly pronounced and highly significant. Further analysis indicated that very few of the group differences could be attributed to either age at admission or duration of treatment. Data analysis supported the hypothesis of treatment effectiveness in that boys who completed treatment did better in general than boys who did not, although those withdrawn by their parents did best of all. Furthermore, the rather pronounced differences among groups that failed to complete treatment raised certain methodological questions with regard to the practice of aggregating such groups in evaluation research.     

MMPI-2 profiles of filicidal, mariticidal, and homicidal women

The present study compared the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) clinical and content scale profiles of a group of adult women (N = 73) charged with either murder of their child (filicide) (n = 30), their partner (mariticide) (n = 19), or an unrelated adult (homicide) (n = 24). No significant differences were seen among the three groups on either the MMPI-2 clinical or content scales. Clinical inspection of the 53 valid MMPI-2 profiles (F < 110T) revealed a 6-8 mean profile for the filicidal women, a 2-6 mean profile for the mariticidal women, and a 4-8 mean profile for the homicidal women. Application of the data for criminal forensic psychological evaluations is discussed.     

以阳性症状为主精神分裂症患者的静息态脑功能网络特征

目的:探索以阳性症状为主的精神分裂症患者的静息态脑功能网络特征。方法:纳入符合DSM-IV精神分裂症诊断标准的以阳性症状为主患者100例和70例健康成人,采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估患者的临床症状,并完成静息态磁共振成像扫描。通过独立成分分析(ICA)方法比较两组听觉网络、执行网络和凸显网络间的功能连接及网络内功能连接,并对两组间存在差异的脑功能连接指标与精神病性症状和认知功能得分进行相关性分析。结果:与对照组相比,患者组听觉网络与凸显网络间的功能连接增加[(0.49±0.27)vs.(0.38±0.23)],同时听觉网络与执行网络[左侧:(-0.10±0.22 vs.(0.002±0.21);右侧:(-0.05±0.24)vs.(0.05±0.21)]及凸显网络与执行网络间功能连接[(0.001±0.28)vs.(0.11±0.24)]降低。网络内功能连接分析显示,患者组听觉网络的左侧颞上回功能连接降低,以及执行网络的脑岛和顶下小叶脑区功能连接降低。相关分析发现,前凸显网络和右执行网络间的功能连接与冲动性行为呈负相关(r=-0.24,P<0.05),听觉网络和右执行...     

Multidimensional measurement of delayed gratification preference with incarcerated offenders

Administered a variety of attitudinal and behavioral measures of Delayed Gratification Preference (DGP) to 48 incarcerated offenders. Intercorrelations on these variables were generally low. In view of the highly diverse procedures used to measure DGP it is suggested that a combination of measures be developed in order to avoid excessive operationalism and to increase comparability and generalizability of results. Multiple regression analyses did yield significant multiple correlations with two unobtrusive criterion measures of prison behavior, specifically, Canteen Spending and Planning behaviors found in Ss' correspondence. Multiple regression analysis therefore is suggested as a means of constructing a combined DGP measure.     

Proliferation of committed precursor cells for erythropoiesis and granulomonocytopoiesis by T lymphocytes during stress

Research Institute of Pharmacology, Tomsk Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 110, No. 11, pp. 531–533, November, 1990.     

Psychological screening of sexually violent offenders with the MCMI

The MCMI was administered to 603 recently convicted violent offenders, grouped according to nature of the offense into child molesters (n = 201), rapists (n = 195), and non-sexually aggressive felons (n = 205). Both groups of sexual offenders were more passive-aggressive, but child molesters were more dependent, anxious, and depressed than the other two groups, whose personality style was more narcissistic and independent with little psychic distress. Results confirm earlier findings based on MMPI test results, which show that the personality styles of rapists are more similar to those of non-sexually aggressive felons than to those of child molesters. Test variance can no longer be the basis for these replicated findings.     

A critical review of objective personality inventories with sex offenders

This review provides a critical analysis of the ability of multiscale inventories to distinguish between sex offender and nonoffender control groups, as well as to discriminate sex offenders from other types of offenders. In addition to expanding upon previous reviews that examined the utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) with this population (e.g., Levin & Stava, 1987 ), the current review included studies that utilized other multiscale inventories commonly used in forensic practice (i.e., MMPI‐2, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory‐III [MCMI‐III], Personality Assessment Inventory) and, when possible, provides effect sizes to evaluate group differences. Based on the review, the various forms of the MMPI and MCMI are clearly the most widely used instruments in sex offender populations. The MMPI Pd scale has shown moderate to large effect sizes when distinguishing between sex offender and nonsex offender groups, but this relationship may be reflective of antisocial behavior in general rather than traits specific to sex offenders. Recommendations to standardize future research classification strategies and more effectively utilize these instruments when assessing sex offenders are also provided. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1–27, 2010.     

Disruption of two novel genes by a translocation co-segregating with schizophrenia

A balanced (1;11)(q42.1;q14.3) translocation segregates with schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders in a large Scottish family (maximum LOD = 6.0). We hypothesize that the translocation is the causative event and that it directly disrupts gene function. We previously reported a dearth of genes in the breakpoint region of chromosome 11 and it is therefore unlikely that the expression of any genes on this chromosome has been affected by the translocation. By contrast, the corresponding region on chromosome 1 is gene dense and, not one, but two novel genes are directly disrupted by the translocation. These genes have been provisionally named Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 and 2 ( DISC1 and DISC2 ). DISC1 encodes a large protein with no significant sequence homology to other known proteins. It is predicted to consist of a globular N-terminal domain(s) and helical C-terminal domain which has the potential to form a coiled-coil by interaction with another, as yet, unidentified protein(s). Similar structures are thought to be present in a variety of unrelated proteins that are known to function in the nervous system. The putative structure of the protein encoded by DISC1 is therefore compatible with a role in the nervous system. DISC2 apparently specifies a non-coding RNA molecule that is antisense to DISC1, an arrangement that has been observed at other loci where it is thought that the antisense RNA is involved in regulating expression of the sense gene. Altogether, these observations indicate that DISC1 and DISC2 should be considered formal candidate genes for susceptibility to psychiatric illness.     

树突状细胞体外定向诱导扩增及其分离纯化

目的：探讨定向诱导及纯化树突状细胞（ＤＣ）的方法，为进一步研究树突状细胞的功能、特性及临床应用提供技术方法。方法：利用免疫磁珠江（ＭＡＣＳ）分离纯化脐血ＣＤ３４细胞，在液体培养体系中加入ＦＬ、ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＴＮＦα、ＩＬ－４ｅｙ ＳＣＦ，培养１２ｄ后光镜检测细胞形态及流式细胞仪分析表达标志；利用抗估状细胞单克隆抗体（Ｘ－１１）及免疫磁珠分离纯化树突状细胞，流式细胞仪检测纯化后ＤＣ的纯度。结果：经体     

The validity of the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale with incarcerated offenders

Previous research has shown that the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale reliably predicts the adjustment capacity of various S types to a variety of situations. The present study investigated the efficacy of the RPRS to suggest the adjustment capactiy of prisoners to various aspects of their institutional environment. Twenty-five male inmates of the Petersburg Federal Reformatory served as Ss. Group therapy, dormitory behavior, work progress adjustment ratings, and RPRS scores were obtained for each S. Intercorrelations among the adjustment measures and the RPRS total and component scores revealed no significant correlations between the adjustment measures and the RPRS total score. However, in employing a maximum R stepwise multiple correlation procedure with the RPRS components, significant multiple Rs resulted for two of the three criterion measures. These results were discussed in terms of the earlier research with the RPRS, and suggestions for future research were made.     

Test-retest evaluation of a four-subtest WAIS-R short form with young offenders

The validity of a four-subtest short form (SF4) of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) was evaluated in a sample of incarcerated Caucasian and Native youth 16 to 18 years of age. A test-retest methodology was used in which 21 subjects received SF4 first and 26 subjects received the full WAIS-R first. Results showed that SF4 has validity as an estimate of Full Scale IQ, but with accuracy limitations. In addition to the IQ overestimates and misclassification rates that have been found in other short form research, this study showed that a large overestimate of about 11 points occurred on average when SF4 followed the standard administration.     

Perception and experience of time by patients with depression in manic-depressive psychosis and attack-like schizophrenia

Translated from Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova, Vol. 91, No. 1, pp. 114–117, January, 1990.     

The human antimicrobial protein psoriasin acts by permeabilization of bacterial membranes

Psoriasin, a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins (S100A7) is highly upregulated in the skin of psoriasis patients. As it has recently been found to exhibit antimicrobial activity, an important role of psoriasin in surface defence has been suggested. The similarity of the three-dimensional structures of psoriasin and amoebapore A, an ancient antimicrobial, pore-forming peptide from Entamoeba histolytica, intrigued us to investigate whether the human psoriasin is also able to permeabilize bacterial membranes. Here, we demonstrate that psoriasin exerts pore-forming activity at pH values below 6 demonstrating that disruption of microbial membranes is the basis of its antimicrobial activity at low pH. Furthermore, the killing activity of psoriasin shows pH-dependent target specificity. At neutral pH, the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli is killed apparently without compromising its membrane, whereas at low pH exclusively the Gram-positive bacterium B. megaterium is killed by permeabilization of its cytoplasmic membrane.