Combining prostrate-specific antigen and Gleason score increases the diagnostic power of endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer pathological stage

BackgroundThe proper use of endorectal coil MRI (eMRI) images provide detailed information for the real extent of locally prostate cancer invasion and involvement of pelvic lymph nodes. This study evaluated the accuracy of endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging (eMRI) results, combining the preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and the biopsy Gleason score to improve the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer (PCa) with organ-confined disease (OCD) or extracapsular extension (ECE)/seminal vesicle invasion (SVI).MethodsBetween 2001 and 2007, 94 PCa patients received eMRI testing during presurgical evaluation and underwent radical prostatectomy. As a part of routine patient workup, serum PSA level and Gleason score after pathology examination were recorded. The eMRI images were used to help assess patient PCa staging status regarding OCD or ECE/SVI. These stage assessments as evaluated through the use of MRI were compared with the final specimen pathological stage after the patients underwent radical prostatectomy.ResultsOf the total 94 patients in our study, 65 had stage pT2, 12 had stage pT3a, and 17 had stage pT3b PCa. In patients with clinical stage T2 PCa, the Gleason score significantly improved the discriminative ability of eMRI to successfully predict PCa at the OCD stage. Otherwise, in cases of clinical stage T3 PCa, accurate determination of PSA levels significantly improved eMRI predictive ability to assess ECE or SVI staging.ConclusionIn clinical stage T2 PCa patients, integrating the biopsy Gleason score improved the discriminative ability to assess OCD PCa staging. Additionally, combining the preoperative PSA levels of clinical T3 prostate cancer cases with Gleason scores significantly improved the sensitivity and accuracy of eMRI diagnosis to distinguish ECE from SVI.     

Does extended prostate needle biopsy improve the concordance of Gleason scores between biopsy and prostatectomy in the Taiwanese population?

BackgroundDiscordance between the Gleason scores of prostate needle biopsies and radical prostatectomy specimens has been reported by several investigators. We conducted this study to determine if increasing the number of prostate needle biopsies in patients with prostate cancer improves the accuracy of Gleason scores in the Taiwanese population.MethodsBetween March 2000 and September 2009, 281 patients underwent radical prostatectomy at Taipei Veterans General Hospital. All of these patients had prostate cancer that was diagnosed and graded either by extended needle biopsy (121 patients, ≥10 cores/patient, range: 10–13, median: 12) or by traditional sextant transrectal biopsy (160 patients, <10 cores/patient, range: 6–9, median: 6). We analyzed the patients’ Gleason scores of their biopsies and radical prostatectomy specimens.ResultsThe concordance rate, defined as similarity between the Gleason score of a patient’s biopsy and prostatectomy specimens, was 57.9% in the extended biopsy group and 45.6% in the nonextended biopsy group (χ² test: p = 0.042). The primary Gleason pattern was accurately predicted by extended needle biopsy in 81% of cases (98/121 cases), higher than the 70% accuracy rate of the nonextended biopsies (112/160 cases, p = 0.036). Undergrading was found in 43/121 cases (32%) and 63/160 cases (39.4%) (p = 0.511). However, overgrading was found in 8/121 cases (6.6%) and in 24/160 cases (15.0%) (p = 0.028) by extended and nonextended biopsies, respectively. Forty-seven (16.7%) of those patients who fit the criteria of active surveillance were upgraded to a Gleason score >7 after radical prostatectomy.ConclusionThe addition of an extended transrectal needle biopsy increases the accuracy of the Gleason score for predicting the final prostate cancer grade in the Taiwanese population.     

前列腺癌根治术后病理分期、Gleason评分与术前血清PSA的相关性分析

目的探讨前列腺癌患者根治术后病理分期、Gleason评分与术前血清PSA的相关性。方法收集香港中文大学附属威尔斯亲王医院泌尿外科2008年1月至2010年9月采用4-臂daVinci S-HD机器人外科手术系统施行前列腺根治性切除术的100例前列腺癌患者的临床资料数据,采用Spearman等级相关分析探讨根治术后病理分期、Gleason评分与术前血清PSA的相关性。结果患者PSA值与Gleason评分呈正相关(r=0.382,P<0.01),PSA值越高,Gleason评分值越高。PSA值与病理分期无明确的相关性(r=-0.073,P>0.05)。结论前列腺癌患者术前血清PSA与根治术后Gleason评分有关,与病理分期无明确的相关性。     

Are Partin tables suitable for Chinese patients with prostate cancer?

Background  Recently, the number of patients with prostate cancer who needed to be treated with radical prostatectomy increased rapidly in China. There is still a difference between clinical staging and the post-operative final pathologic staging; hence, an excellent tool for accurately predicting the pathologic stages of prostate cancer is needed urgently in clinical practice. The Partin tables are the most popular and widely used tool for predicting the pathologic stages of prostate cancer because of its high accuracy and ease of implementation. The aim of this study was to externally validate the accuracy of the three versions of the Partin tables in predicting the post-operative pathologic stages in Chinese patients with prostate cancer.

Methods  We retrospectively analyzed the data from 203 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomies between June 2000 and May 2012. The accuracies of the three versions of the Partin tables in predicting the post-operative pathologic stages in Chinese patients with prostate cancer were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results  Using the 1997, 2001, and 2007 Partin tables for predicting the current cases, the AUC of organ confinement (OC) was 0.877, 0.788, and 0.726; the AUC of extracapsular extension (ECE) was 0.525, 0.615, and 0.608; the AUC of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) was 0.875, 0.649, and 0.820; and the AUC of pelvic lymph node invasion (LNI) was 0.808, 0.758, and 0.735 respectively.

Conclusions  The accuracies of the three versions of Partin tables in predicting OC, SVI, and LNI were good, especially the 2001 Partin table for SVI. In contrast, the accuracy of the three versions of the Partin tables in predicting ECE was fair. The 1997 Partin table was much better than the 2007 table in predicting OC, and the 2001 table in predicting SVI. The 2007 Partin table did not show any advantages.

     

机器人辅助与开放前列腺癌根治术切缘阳性情况比较

目的 比较单术者应用机器人辅助与开放前列腺癌根治术两种手术方式进行前列腺癌切除时肿瘤切缘阳性情况.方法 2009年1月至2017年5月期间,我院单术者分别应用开放前列腺癌根治术治疗的81例前列腺癌患者及机器人辅助前列腺癌根治术治疗的306例前列腺癌患者入组本研究.术后病理切缘阳性定义为前列腺癌根治标本切缘墨染标记处可见肿瘤细胞.通过我科前列腺癌随访数据库提取所有患者的年龄、术前前列腺特异抗原(PSA)水平、术后病理Gleason评分、病理T分期、上下切缘阳性情况等资料,使用倾向评分匹配法对两种术式的数据进行配对以保证其一致性,比较两种术式切缘阳性情况的差异.采用多因素logistic回归分析明确切缘阳性的独立影响因素.结果 将两组患者的年龄、术前PSA水平、术后病理Gleason评分、病理T分期作为预测变量进行倾向评分匹配后成功配对81对病例,开放前列腺癌根治术组和机器人辅助前列腺癌根治术组上切缘阳性率分别为22.2％ (1S/81)、18.5％(15/81),下切缘阳性率分别为29.6％(24/81)、30.9％ (25/81),总切缘阳性率分别为38.3％(31/81)、38.3％(31/81),两组间差异均无统计学意义.多因素logistic回归分析术前PSA水平及病理T分期是切缘阳性的独立影响因素(P=0.011,P=0.000).结论 机器人辅助前列腺癌根治术能够提供不亚于开放手术的肿瘤切除的完整性.     

前列腺癌根治术后病理升级的临床危险因素分析

目的：探讨前列腺癌根治术后病理升级的临床危险因素。方法： 回顾性分析2011年7月至2014年10月160例经前列腺穿刺活检确诊为前列腺腺癌行根治性手术患者的临床资料。患者年龄57~82岁（平均71.6岁）,前列腺特异性抗原（prostate specific antigen,PSA）0.31~40.32 μg/L（平均11.29 μg/L）,体重指数（body mass index,BMI）16.41~32.04 kg/m2（平均23.63 kg/m2）。前列腺体积（prostate volume,PV）9.52~148.46 mL（平均40.19 mL）,其中PV<30 mL者60例（37.5%）、30~50 mL者48例（30.0%）、≥50 mL者52例（32.5%）。临床分期≤T2a、T2b和≥T2c者分别为91例（56.9%）、49例（30.6%）和20例（12.5%）,穿刺Gleason评分为6、7和≥8者分别为69例（43.1%）、67例（41.9%）和24例（15.0%）。收集患者确诊时年龄、BMI、PSA、PV、穿刺针数、穿刺阳性百分数、临床分期、穿刺Gleason评分等,比较术前穿刺病理Gleason评分与术后大体病理Gleason评分,使用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析评估引起前列腺癌根治术后病理升级的危险因素。结果： 大体病理与术前穿刺病理Gleason评分一致者82例（51.3%）,较术前穿刺病理升级者49例（30.6%）,较术前穿刺病理降级者29例（18.1%）。术后病理升级的单因素分析中,患者年龄、BMI、穿刺前PSA、临床分期、穿刺针数均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,前列腺体积（P=0.035）和穿刺病理Gleason评分（P=0.043）具有统计学意义,进入多因素分析。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,穿刺Gleason评分低（P=0.035）和前列腺体积小（P=0.013）是前列腺癌根治术后大体病理升级的独立危险因素。结论： 前列腺癌根治术后病理Gleason评分较术前穿刺病理存在升级现象,前列腺体积小和穿刺Gleason评分低是其独立危险因素。     

Should patients with a pre-operative prostatespecific antigen greater than 15ng/ml be offered radical prostatectomy?

Background Patients with prostate cancer with a pre-operative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) τ;15ng/ml who undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) generally do not have a good outcome, yet may have organ-confined cancer and should be offered the option of surgery. Aim To assess the outcome of patients who underwent RRP with a pre-operative PSA ≥ 15ng/ml. Methods Thirty-four patients, mean pre-operative PSA: 25.46ng/ml (15.03–76.6) and mean Gleason score: 6.4 (5–9) were assessed. Results Two groups were identified. Group I: 41% (14/34) have no biochemical recurrence to mean follow up of 58 months (30–106). Mean PSA: 18.8ng/ml (15.03–25.84). Mean Gleason score: 6.1 (5–7). Clinical stage: T1c in 80%. No patient had seminal vesicle or lymph node involvement. Group II: 59% (20/34) have biochemical recurrence or died (3) from their disease to mean follow up of 66 months (36–98). Mean PSA: 28.9ng/ml (15.28–76.6). Mean Gleason score: 6.7 (5–9). Clinical stage: T1c in 25%. Eleven patients had seminal vesicle (8) involvement or positive lymph nodes (3) or both (2). Conclusion RRP seems feasible in patients whose pre-operative PSA is between 15 and 25ng/ml with stage T1c, Gleason score ≤ 7 and negative lymph node frozen section.     

慢性前列腺炎与根治性前列腺切除术后生化复发的相关性研究

目的 探讨慢性前列腺炎与根治性前列腺切除术后生化复发的相关性。方法 回顾性分析笔者医院自2010年6月~2016年6月期间所有行腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术患者的临床资料,根据穿刺病检结果分为慢性前列腺炎组（CP）及非慢性前列腺炎组（NCP）,比较两组患者临床、病理特点、无生化复发率及无无生化复发生存期的差异。结果 中位随访50个月。171例患者中,50例出现生化复发,其中CP组18例（36.00%）,NCP组22例（18.19%）,生化复发时间为11~72个月,平均49个月。CP组术前PSA、术前Gleason评分及术后Gleason评分均高于NCP组（P<0.05）。单因素、多因素Cox回归分析示慢性前列腺炎是生化复发的高危因素（HR=2.262,95%CI：1.180~4.336）。Kaplan-Meier分析示CP组无生化复发率及无生化复发生存期明显低于NCP组（P<0.05）。结论 慢性前列腺炎是根治性前列腺切除术后生化复发的高危因素,慢性前列腺炎可能促进了前列腺癌的发生、发展。     

Risk factors of positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence of patients treated with radical prostatectomy: a single-center 10-year report

Background  Many studies have shown that positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence could impact the life of patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. With more and more patients with prostate cancer appeared in recent 20 years in China, it is necessary to investigate the risk of positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence, and their possible impact on the prognosis of patients treated with radical prostatectomy. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of patients with prostate cancer who had undergone radical prostatectomy in Macau area and tried to find any risk factor of positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence and their relationship with the prognosis of these patients.

Methods  From 2000 to 2009, 149 patients with prostate cancer received radical prostatectomy and were followed up. Among these patients, 111 received retropubic radical prostatectomies, 38 received laparoscopic radical prostatectomies. All patients were followed-up on in the 3rd month, 6th month and from that point on every 6 months after operation. At each follow-up a detailed record of any complaint, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), full biochemical test and uroflowmetry was acquired.

Results  The average age was (69.0±6.1) years, preoperative average serum PSA was (10.1±12.1) ng/ml and average Gleason score was 6.4±1.3. The incidence of total complications was about 47.7%, the incidence of the most common complication, bladder outlet obstruction, was about 26.8%, and that of the second most common complication, urinary stress incontinence, was about 16.1% (mild 9.4% and severe 6.7%). The incidence of positive surgical margin was about 38.3%. The preoperative serum PSA ((13.4±17.6) ng/ml), average Gleason score (7.1±1.3) and pathological T stage score (7.0±1.4) were higher in patients with positive surgical margins than those with negative margins ((8.0±5.8) ng/ml, 6.0±1.2 and 5.4±1.4, respectively) (P=0.004, P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). A univariate analysis showed that positive surgical margin had a positive statistical association with serum PSA (P=0.007), Gleason score (P <0.001), pathological T stage score (P <0.001) and biochemical recurrence (BCR) (P=0.035). The most common location of a positive surgical margin was in the apex of the prostate, which was about 63% (36/57). Sixty-four percent (23/36) of patients with positive surgical margin in apex were also involved in prostate lobe; other locations were prostate lobe (23%, 13/57), seminal vesicle (9%, 5/57). The multivariate analysis showed that positive surgical margin had a positive statistical association with Gleason score (P=0.03) and pathological T stage score (P=0.02). Neither univariate analysis or multivariate analysis showed any statistical relationship between BCR and any other risk factors covered in this study.

Conclusions  Positive surgical margin is associated with pre-operative PSA, Gleason score, pathological T stage and biochemical recurrence. Earlier diagnosis and improved techniques of dissection of prostate apex could decrease the incidence of positive surgical margins.

     

前列腺癌根治术中避免手术切缘阳性的临床评价

目的 探讨前列腺癌根治术中手术切缘阳性的临床意义,以及相关临床参数对手术切缘阳性率的影响.方法 63例经病理证实的局限性前列腺癌实施前列腺根治术,通过回顾性研究了解病理分期、术前血清PSA、穿刺后Gleason评分、穿刺针数阳性百分率对手术切缘阳性的影响.结果 63例前列腺癌病理分期T2a 19例,切缘阳性1例;T2b ll例,切缘阳性4例;T3a12例,切缘阳性0例;T3b 8例,切缘阳性4例;,r3c 10例,切缘阳性5例.病理分期与手术切缘阳性成正相关(r=7.166,P=0.007),且对手术切缘阳性有意义(χ2=15.326,P=0.004).本组偶发癌3例,切缘阳性1例.血清PSA异常63例,其中血清PSA＜10ng/ml 24例,术后切缘阳性4例,血清PSA＞10ng/ml 39例,术后切缘阳性12例,两者差异无显著性(χ2=2.236,P=0.135).穿刺后Gleason评分60例,其中＜7分40例,切缘阳性8例,＞7分20例,切缘阳性7例,两者差异无显著性(χ2=1.600,P=0.206).穿刺针数阳性百分率60例,其中＜33%例,切缘阳性3例,＞335例,切缘阳性12例,两者差异有显著性(χ2=3.863,P=0.049).结论 血清PSA、穿刺后Gleason评分对前列腺癌根治术中切缘阳性无影响,而穿刺阳性百分率对手术切缘阳性有意义,同时手术者经验和手术技能对手术切缘阳性有一定影响.     

A novel nomogram provides improved accuracy for predicting biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy

Background:Various prediction tools have been developed to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP); however, few of the previous prediction tools used serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir after RP and maximum tumor diameter (MTD) at the same time. In this study, a nomogram incorporating MTD and PSA nadir was developed to predict BCR-free survival (BCRFS).Methods:A total of 337 patients who underwent RP between January 2010 and March 2017 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The maximum diameter of the index lesion was measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate independent predictors of BCR. A nomogram was subsequently developed for the prediction of BCRFS at 3 and 5 years after RP. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analyses were performed to identify the advantage of the new nomogram in comparison with the cancer of the prostate risk assessment post-surgical (CAPRA-S) score.Results:A novel nomogram was developed to predict BCR by including PSA nadir, MTD, Gleason score, surgical margin (SM), and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), considering these variables were significantly associated with BCR in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P < 0.05). In addition, a basic model including Gleason score, SM, and SVI was developed and used as a control to assess the incremental predictive power of the new model. The concordance index of our model was slightly higher than CAPRA-S model (0.76 vs. 0.70, P = 0.02) and it was significantly higher than that of the basic model (0.76 vs. 0.66, P = 0.001). Time-dependent ROC curve and decision curve analyses also demonstrated the advantages of the new nomogram.Conclusions:PSA nadir after RP and MTD based on MRI before surgery are independent predictors of BCR. By incorporating PSA nadir and MTD into the conventional predictive model, our newly developed nomogram significantly improved the accuracy in predicting BCRFS after RP.     

转谷氨酰胺酶4在前列腺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 探讨转谷氨酰胺酶4（transglutaminase 4, TGM4）在前列腺癌诊断及预后评价中的可能价值。 方法 对159例前列腺癌患者的存档石蜡标本行TGM4免疫组织化学染色;根据染色情况将TGM4表达水平分为4级：不表达,弱表达,中表达和高表达。通过查阅病历、调用我院前列腺癌随访数据库和电话随访等方式获得患者临床病理资料及随访信息;进而对TGM4表达水平与前列腺癌临床病理特征及预后信息的关系进行统计学分析。 结果 与癌旁组织相比,TGM4在前列腺癌组织中高表达（P<0.001）,且表达水平在不同Gleason分级（P<0.001）和前列腺特异抗原（PSA）水平（P=0.005）间差异有统计学意义。单因素Cox回归分析提示TGM4高表达是前列腺癌生化复发的高危因素（P=0.020）,但多因素Cox回归分析并不支持TGM4高表达是前列腺癌生化复发的高危因素（P=0.139）。 结论 TGM4在前列腺癌中高表达,且在高Gleason分级和高PSA水平的前列腺癌中表达更高,值得进一步研究。     

保留部分前列腺部尿道和耻骨前列腺韧带在前列腺癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨保留部分前列腺部尿道和耻骨前列腺韧带在减少前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁中的作用。方法将60例局限性前列腺癌患者随机分为两组,每组30例。Ⅰ组患者行传统耻骨后前列腺癌根治术,Ⅱ组患者采用保留部分前列腺部尿道和耻骨前列腺韧带的方法行耻骨后前列腺癌根治术,分别于术后1、3、6和12个月随访尿失禁情况。结果两组间年龄、前列腺特异抗原(PSA)、Gleason评分和临床分期构成比的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),两组前列腺尖端切缘均无肿瘤残留,前列腺侧缘阳性率类似。Ⅱ组在术后1、3、6个月的完全尿控率均显著高于Ⅰ组(P值均<0.05)。结论在前列腺癌根治术中保留部分前列腺部尿道和耻骨前列腺韧带可显著提高近期尿控的效果。     

前列腺癌穿刺与切除标本Gleason评分比较

目的　比较胶列腺穿刺活检标本与根治性切除术标本的Gleason评分。方法　对 40例前列腺穿刺活检标本的Gleason评分及对应的根治性切除术标本的Gleason评分进行配对t检验。结果　穿刺活检组 2～ 9分 ,平均 (5 6± 1 7)分 ;根治性切除术组 4～ 10分 ,平均 (6 4± 1 3)分 ;两组差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　前列腺穿刺活检标本的Gleason评分低于根治性切除术标本的Gleason评分。宜采取相应措施降低低估率。     

Obesity-related plasma hemodilution and PSA concentration among men with prostate cancer

Context  Recent studies have suggested that obese men have lower serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations than nonobese men. Because men with higher body mass index (BMI) have greater circulating plasma volumes, lower PSA concentrations among obese men may be due to hemodilution. Objective  To determine the association between hemodilution and PSA concentration in obese men with prostate cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants  Retrospective study of men who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate adenocarcinoma from 1988 to 2006, using data from the databases of the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (n = 1373), Duke Prostate Center (n = 1974), and Johns Hopkins Hospital (n = 10 287). Multivariate linear regression models adjusting for clinicopathological characteristics were used to analyze the main outcome measures. Main Outcome Measures  Associations between BMI and mean adjusted PSA concentrations, mean plasma volume, and mean adjusted PSA mass (total circulating PSA protein, calculated as PSA concentration multiplied by plasma volume), assessed by determining P values for trend. Results  After controlling for clinicopathological characteristics, higher BMI was significantly associated with higher plasma volume (P < .001 for trend) and lower PSA concentrations (P  .02 for trend) in all cohorts. In 2 of the 3 cohorts, PSA mass did not change significantly with increasing BMI. In the third cohort, higher BMI was associated with increased PSA mass (P < .001 for trend), but only between BMI category less than 25 and the other categories. Conclusions  In men undergoing radical prostatectomy, higher BMI was associated with higher plasma volume; hemodilution may therefore be responsible for the lower serum PSA concentrations among obese men with prostate cancer. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate this association in screened populations.      

Biological determinants of cancer progression in men with prostate cancer

CONTEXT: The recent increase in ability to diagnose prostatic adenocarcinoma has created a dilemma for treatment decisions. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prostate cancer progression is associated with a modified version of the Gleason grading system together with selected morphologic and clinical variables. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients with peripheral zone prostate cancers who underwent surgery between August 1983 and July 1992. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Radical prostatectomy specimens from 379 men treated only by surgical excision were prospectively studied for 8 morphologic variables using previously standardized techniques. Variables were percentage of each cancer occupied by Gleason grade 4/5 (% Gleason grade 4/5, the Stanford modified Gleason scale), cancer volume, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, seminal vesicle invasion, capsular penetration, positive surgical margin, prostate weight, and preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Biochemical progression of prostate cancer as indicated by serum PSA level of 0.07 ng/mL and increasing. RESULTS: Cancer grade expressed as % Gleason grade 4/5 and cancer volume were highly predictive of disease progression. In a Cox proportional hazards model that included % Gleason grade 4/5, the traditional Gleason score was not an independent predictor of treatment failure. Positive lymph node findings and intraprostatic vascular invasion were the only other variables that remained significant at the .01 level. CONCLUSION: The % Gleason grade 4/5, cancer volume, positive lymph node findings, and intraprostatic vascular invasion were independently associated with prostate cancer progression, defined by an increasing PSA level. Techniques to accurately measure cancer volume and % Gleason grade 4/5 are needed to better predict which patient will experience cancer progression. The commonly accepted predictors of progression-capsular penetration and positive surgical margins-were not independently predictive of failure after radical prostatectomy.     

耻骨后顺行与逆行根治性前列腺切除术治疗前列腺癌疗效比较

目的:比较耻骨后顺行与逆行根治性前列腺切除2种手术方式治疗局限性前列腺癌(PCa)的疗效和安全性.方法:用耻骨后顺行与逆行根治性前列腺切除2种术式治疗局限性PCa各35例,比较2组年龄、前列腺体积、前列腺特异抗原、Gleason评分、术中出血量、手术时间、术后病理分期、术后随访时间、手术并发症、术后最大尿流率、术后性生活恢复例数、生化复发时间和生化复发例数.结果:2组均无死亡病例.2组年龄、前列腺体积、前列腺特异抗原、Gleason评分、病理分期、手术并发症、术后随访时间、术后最大尿流率、术后性生活恢复例数、术后并发症发生情况和生化复发例数差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05),但顺行根治性前列腺切除治疗局限性 PCa术中手术时间和术中出血量明显少于逆行根治性前列腺切除术 (P <0.01),最大尿流测定时间、生化复发时间均短于逆行根治性组(P<0.05~P<0.01).结论:耻骨后顺行与逆行根治性前列腺切除术均是治疗局限性PCa安全、有效的方法,但顺行根治性前列腺切除术治疗局限性PCa比逆行根治性前列腺切除术的术中出血更少,手术时间更短.     

前列腺特异性抗原同源异构体2及其衍生指标在预测前列腺癌病理分级中的价值

目的 探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原同源异构体2(isoform [-2] proprostate-specific antigen,p2PSA)及经计算得到的%p2PSA和前列腺健康指数(prostate health index,PHI)等指标预测前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PCa)病理分级的价值.方法: 回顾性入组了322例来自北京大学第一医院在2015年8月至2018年5月期间就诊的PCa患者,其中143例为进行经直肠超声引导的前列腺穿刺活检证实的PCa患者,179例为进行PCa根治术的患者.采用全自动免疫分析仪DxI800检测患者的术前预留血清中前列腺特异性抗原(total prostate-specific antigen,tPSA),游离前列腺抗原(free prostate antigen,fPSA),fPSA/tPSA比值(f/t),p2PSA水平,并计算得到%p2PSA 和PHI,以术后病理结果确定Gleason评分,采用受试者工作曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)比较p2PSA,%p2PSA及PHI与传统指标tPSA,fPSA和f/t预测高级别前列腺癌(Gleason评分≥7)的价值.结果: Gleason评分≥7患者的p2PSA,%p2PSA和 PHI的中位数水平均高于Gleason评分<7患者(p2PSA: 30.22 ng/L vs. 18.33 ng/L; %p2PSA: 2.50 vs. 1.27; PHI: 91.81 vs. 35.44; P值均<0.01).%p2PSA和PHI预测高级别PCa的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.770和0.760,高于传统指标tPSA,fPSA和f/t(AUC分别为0.648,0.536和 0.693).进行前列腺穿刺术证实为PCa的患者中,PHI和%p2PSA预测高级别PCa的价值(AUC分别为0.801和0.808)明显高于tPSA,fPSA和f/t(AUC分别为0.729,0.655和0.665).进行PCa根治术后的患者中,PHI 和%p2PSA预测高级别PCa的价值(AUC分别为 0.798和0.744)也有高于其他传统指标tPSA,fPSA和f/t (AUC分别为0.625, 0.507和0.697)的趋势.结论: 与传统指标tPSA,fPSA和f/t相比,p2PSA的衍生指标%p2PSA和PHI对于高级别PCa具有更高的预测价值,可以帮助临床评估PCa治疗方案,为患者及时制定更合适的诊疗策略.     

前列腺特异性抗原同源异构体2及其衍生指标在预测前列腺癌病理分级中的价值

目的 探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原同源异构体2(isoform [-2] proprostate-specific antigen,p2PSA)及经计算得到的%p2PSA和前列腺健康指数(prostate health index,PHI)等指标预测前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PCa)病理分级的价值.方法: 回顾性入组了322例来自北京大学第一医院在2015年8月至2018年5月期间就诊的PCa患者,其中143例为进行经直肠超声引导的前列腺穿刺活检证实的PCa患者,179例为进行PCa根治术的患者.采用全自动免疫分析仪DxI800检测患者的术前预留血清中前列腺特异性抗原(total prostate-specific antigen,tPSA),游离前列腺抗原(free prostate antigen,fPSA),fPSA/tPSA比值(f/t),p2PSA水平,并计算得到%p2PSA 和PHI,以术后病理结果确定Gleason评分,采用受试者工作曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)比较p2PSA,%p2PSA及PHI与传统指标tPSA,fPSA和f/t预测高级别前列腺癌(Gleason评分≥7)的价值.结果: Gleason评分≥7患者的p2PSA,%p2PSA和 PHI的中位数水平均高于Gleason评分<7患者(p2PSA: 30.22 ng/L vs. 18.33 ng/L; %p2PSA: 2.50 vs. 1.27; PHI: 91.81 vs. 35.44; P值均<0.01).%p2PSA和PHI预测高级别PCa的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.770和0.760,高于传统指标tPSA,fPSA和f/t(AUC分别为0.648,0.536和 0.693).进行前列腺穿刺术证实为PCa的患者中,PHI和%p2PSA预测高级别PCa的价值(AUC分别为0.801和0.808)明显高于tPSA,fPSA和f/t(AUC分别为0.729,0.655和0.665).进行PCa根治术后的患者中,PHI 和%p2PSA预测高级别PCa的价值(AUC分别为 0.798和0.744)也有高于其他传统指标tPSA,fPSA和f/t (AUC分别为0.625, 0.507和0.697)的趋势.结论: 与传统指标tPSA,fPSA和f/t相比,p2PSA的衍生指标%p2PSA和PHI对于高级别PCa具有更高的预测价值,可以帮助临床评估PCa治疗方案,为患者及时制定更合适的诊疗策略.     

80岁及以上前列腺癌患者行腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术围手术期参数及预后

目的：分析北京大学第三医院泌尿外科收治的超高龄（≥80岁）前列腺癌患者的围手术期参数、术后控尿功能恢复及肿瘤学预后,探讨中国人群超高龄前列腺癌患者接受腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术治疗的安全性和有效性。方法：选择2007年1月至2016年12月于北京大学第三医院因前列腺腺癌行腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术的超高龄（≥80岁）患者进行回顾性分析,纳入标准为患者年龄≥80岁,经组织病理学检查确诊为前列腺腺癌,临床资料齐备。所有患者均经腹膜外途径行腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术,收集患者临床资料、围手术期参数、术后病理资料等。术后3个月、6个月和1年对患者控尿功能恢复情况进行随访,定期检测血清前列腺特异性抗原（prostate specific antigen, PSA）水平,将生化复发定义为连续两次血清PSA水平大于0.2 μg/L者,应用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析患者无生化复发生存率和总生存率,多因素COX回归分析影响超高龄前列腺癌患者术后生化复发的危险因素。结果：所有51例患者年龄（81.6±1.6）岁,穿刺前PSA (15.19±13.68) μg/L,穿刺Gleason评分为6分、7分和≥8分者分别为14例（27.5%）、19例（37.3%）和18例（35.3%）,临床分期为T1、T2和T3期者分别为6例（11.8%）、31例（60.8%）和14例（27.5%）,ASA分级Ⅰ级者6例,Ⅱ级者45例。所有患者均完成手术,手术时间（189.6±69.1） min,手术出血量（169.9±163.5） mL,11例（21.6%）患者发生围手术期并发症。通过超高龄前列腺癌患者腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术(laparoscopic radical prostatectomy,LRP)术后的大体标本病理进行分析,术后病理分期T2期者29例（56.9%）,T3期22例者（43.1%）,其中包膜侵犯者18例（35.3%）,精囊侵犯者4例（7.8%）;大体病理Gleason评分6分、7分和≥8分者分别为8例（15.7%）、21例（41.1%）和22例（43.1%）,术后病理切缘阳性者14例（27.5%）。截止2017年10月术后随访10~118个月,中位随访时间42个月,术后3个月、6个月和1年超高龄前列腺癌患者行LRP术后的尿控率分别为64.7%(33/51)、82.4%(42/51)和 92.2%(47/51)。在随访过程中,12例（23.5%）超高龄前列腺癌患者LRP术后出现生化复发,平均生化复发时间为40.9个月;4例（7.8%）患者在随访过程中死亡,其中1例（2.0%）患者因前列腺癌进展死亡,3例（5.9%）患者因其他疾病死亡。经多因素COX回归分析,影响超高龄前列腺癌患者术后生化复发的危险因素主要为高PSA水平（P=0.019）、病理分期≥T3期（P =0.017）和切缘阳性（P =0.020）。结论：对选择恰当的超高龄前列腺癌患者施行腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术是可行的,并且远期肿瘤控制情况良好,高PSA水平、病理分期≥T3期和切缘阳性可能是超高龄前列腺癌患者术后生化复发的独立危险因素,但此结论尚需大样本量的前瞻性临床研究证实。