Dynamic ultrasound imaging for the assessment of extensor tendon adhesion after fifth metacarpal intraarticular head fracture: A case report

Study Design

Case report.

Aneurysmatic bone cyst of the second metacarpal: en-block resection and bicortical iliac crest graft replacement

Hand is an unusual location for aneurysmal bone cysts. A case in whom the second metacarpal of the left hand was presented. Because of its rapidly growing nature, a radical excision was performed. The resected segment was replaced by a bicortical iliac crest graft. The graft healed without complications, and result was functional. On the follow-up at the 36th month no sign of relapse was found.     

改良髂骨骨皮瓣游离移植治疗掌背复合组织缺损

目的总结游离改良的以旋髂浅动脉为蒂的髂骨骨皮瓣重建掌背骨与软组织缺损体会。方法2009年3月-2012年3月,应用骨皮瓣修复掌背复合组织缺损7例,平均年龄42．9岁。伤肢均为右手．合并不同程度伸肌腱损伤2例：合并腕骨骨折、脱位2例;掌指关节损伤3例;指骨骨折3例。受伤至再手术时间平均为18．6d。术后7d开始功能练习。定期复查,了解植骨愈合、关节活动度、握力大小、皮瓣感觉恢复及供区副损伤,完成患肢手臂肩残疾问卷表及供区可视疼痛评估表。结果本组皮瓣全部成活．5例甲级愈合,2例乙级愈合。平均骨愈合时间：植骨远端2．3个月,近端2．7个月。随访12～24个月,腕关节平均掌屈38．6°,背伸42．9°,尺偏21．4°,桡偏22．9°。受累掌指关节平均活动度35．7°。患侧平均握力13．9kg。3例皮瓣平均静态两点辨别觉13．7mm,余皮瓣仅恢复深触觉。平均手臂肩残疾问卷评分12．1分。所有患者术后2周可行走,术后3个月轻微疼痛1例,术后1年供区瘢痕平软,无疼痛。结论游离改良的以旋髂浅动脉为蒂的髂骨骨皮瓣可成功治疗掌背部骨与软组织缺损,供区损伤较小。     

自体髂骨嵴移位重建掌骨头的解剖学研究

目的 :探讨髂骨嵴与掌骨头相似性,为髂骨嵴移位重建手部掌骨头提供解剖学基础。方法 :16侧上肢标本,10例骨盆标本,解剖观察第2、3、4、5掌骨头及髂骨嵴形态结构特点,测量掌骨头弧高、关节面弧长、掌背径、尺桡径和髂骨嵴弧高、弧长、内外径。将所得到的数据进行统计分析,比较各掌骨头与髂骨嵴在形态、结构特点、弧长及各径线长度相似度。结果:第2掌骨头弧长22.040(21.425,23.085)mm,掌背径(14.034±0.465)mm,弧高4.185(4.113,4.598)mm,尺桡径(12.227±0.414)mm。第3掌骨头弧长23.430(22.743,24.153)mm,掌背径(14.316±0.430)mm,弧高4.235(4.170,4.670)mm,尺桡径(12.382±0.425)mm。第4掌骨头弧长21.960(21.245,22.285)mm,掌背径(12.382±0.288)mm,弧高4.125(4.030,4.305)mm,尺桡径(11.991±0.362)mm。第5掌骨头弧长20.030(19.668,20.148)mm,掌背径(11.807±0.358)mm,弧高4.015(3.880,4.205)mm,尺桡径(11.659±0.399)mm。髂骨嵴弧长(22.930±0.701)mm,内外径14.350(13.660,14.739)mm,弧高(4.520±0.184)mm。髂骨嵴内外径与第2掌骨头掌背径差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.242,P0.05),髂骨嵴内外径与第3掌骨头掌背径差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.835,P0.05),髂骨嵴内外径与第4、5掌骨头掌背径差异有统计学意义(Z值分别为-5.094、-5.095,P0.05);髂骨嵴弧长与第2、4、5掌骨头弧长差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为1.190、-4.909、-13.791,P0.05),髂骨嵴弧长与第3掌骨头弧长差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.704,P0.05);髂骨嵴弧高与第2、3掌骨头弧高差异无统计学意义(Z值分别为-1.815、-1.386,P0.05),髂骨嵴弧高与第4、5掌骨头弧高差异有统计学意义(分别对应Z=-3.152,t=-5.639,P0.05)。结论:自体髂骨嵴与掌骨头在解剖学上有一定相似性,能够成为掌骨头移植的合适供体。     

改良中环指岛状皮瓣加髂骨植骨再造拇指

目的介绍改良中环指岛状皮瓣加髂骨植骨再造拇指Ⅲ°、Ⅳ°缺损的临床经验。方法对拇指Ⅲ°、Ⅳ°缺损的特殊病例采用将中环指岛状皮瓣设计于近中节,在近节指蹼间保留0．5-1cm皮肤,避免指蹼破坏,指血管神经束一并分离转位,供侧指神经与健侧指神经作端侧吻合,供区创面I期带真皮血管网植皮,中环指岛状皮瓣转移后瓦合加髂骨植骨再造拇指。结果临床应用共7例,中环指皮瓣均顺利存活。经6月-1年随访,再造指外观满意,两点辨别觉1-2mm,对掌对指功能恢复良好。结论改良中环指岛状皮瓣加髂骨植骨再造拇指是一种简单有效可靠的方法。     

髂骨取骨术后并发症及对策

髂骨取骨术是一常见手术,其术后并发症也不少见,但并未引起广大临床骨科医师的重视。我们随访到1996年5月至2006年7月因各种原因行髂骨取骨术的患者607例,对其引起并发症的原因与机制进行了回顾性分析,并提出相关对策。     

Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with an autogenous iliac crest bone graft in the treatment of pyogenic spondylodiscitis

There are few reports on the treatment of pyogenic lumbar spondylodiscitis through the posterior approach using a single incision. Between October 1999 and March 2003 we operated on 18 patients with pyogenic lumbar spondylodiscitis. All underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion using an autogenous bone graft from the iliac crest and pedicle screws via a posterior approach. The clinical outcome was assessed using the Frankel neurological classification and the criteria of Kirkaldy-Willis. Under the Frankel classification, two patients improved by two grades (C to E), 11 by one grade, and five showed no change. The Kirkaldy-Willis functional outcome was excellent in five patients, good in ten and fair in three. Bony union was confirmed six months after surgery in 17 patients, but in one patient this was not achieved until two years after operation. The mean lordotic angle before operation was 20 degrees (-2 degrees to 42 degrees ) and the mean lordotic angle at the final follow-up was 32.5 degrees (17 degrees to 44 degrees ). Two patients had a superficial wound infection and two a transient root injury. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with an autogenous iliac crest bone graft and pedicle screw fixation via a posterior approach can provide satisfactory results in pyogenic spondylodiscitis.     

Two-year fusion and clinical outcomes in 224 patients treated with a single-level instrumented posterolateral fusion with iliac crest bone graft

Background contextReported fusion rates for spine fusions using iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) vary between 40% and 100% because of different fusion techniques, patient comorbidity, diagnosis and assessment criteria.PurposeWe report two-year results of single-level instrumented posterolateral fusions evaluated with radiographs, fine-cut computed tomography (CT) scans with reconstructions and outcome measures.Study design/ settingRetrospective analysis of data from a prospective multicenter randomized clinical controlled trial.Patient samplePatients with various degenerative diagnoses enrolled in the control arm of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-regulated, multicenter trial of single-level decompression and posterolateral fusion for degenerative lumbar disease.Outcome measuresShort Form-36 (SF-36), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Numeric Rating Scales (0–20) for back, leg, and graft site pain, CT scans, anteroposterior and lateral flexion/extension radiographs.MethodsPatients enrolled in an FDA-regulated, multicenter trial at 29 sites with degenerative lumbar disease treated with single-level instrumented posterolateral fusion with ICBG were included in the analysis. Demographic and surgical data were collected. Clinical outcomes were followed using standard metrics. Fusion was assessed by independent radiologists at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Two fusion criteria were compared: anteroposterior and flexion/extension radiographs to assess motion and bridging bone, with CT scans as needed to confirm bridging bone; and CT scan assessment for bridging bone only.ResultsOne hundred ninety-four of 224 subjects (86.6%) completed the study. The mean operative time was 2.9 hours with a blood loss of 448.6 mL. The average graft volume was 36.3 mL. There were 21 (9.4%) wound infections, 18 (8.0%) incidental durotomies, 3 (1.3%) implant displacements, 2 (0.9%) malpositioned implants, and 17 (7.6%) graft-related complications. Twenty-seven patients (13.9%) required reoperation, the majority for nonunions. Fusion rates based on radiographs with selective CTs at 6, 12, and 24 months were 65.3%, 82.5%, and 89.3%, respectively. Fusion rates based on bridging bone on CT scans were 56.1%, 71.5%, 83.9%, respectively. Two-year improvement for all outcome measures was significant (p<.001)—ODI 25.3, SF-36 Physical Component Score (PCS) 12.2, back pain 7.9, and leg pain 7.1. Two years postoperatively, 60% of patients complained of graft site pain (mean pain score=8.5).ConclusionIn a large series of patients who had primary single-level instrumented posterolateral fusion with ICBG, evidence of bridging bone on fine-cut CT scans improved with time to 83.9% at 24 months. Significant improvement from baseline was noted in all clinical outcome measures at all time intervals with 75% achieving minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for ODI and 66% achieving MCID for SF-36 PCS.     

Operative technique of distal radius resection and wrist fusion with iliac crest bone graft

Malignant lesions of distal radius and appropriately selected cases of benign aggressive lesions (giant cell tumor) of distal radius require resection for limb salvage. Post resection, reconstruction of that defect can be accomplished by either arthrodesis or arthroplasty both having their own pros and cons. In cases undergoing arthrodesis as modality of reconstruction, small defects (≤6 cm) can be reconstructed using autologous iliac crest bone graft which results in good cosmetic appearance and functional outcome. We have described in detail, the preoperative planning, surgical steps and rehabilitation of wrist fusion with iliac crest bone grafting post distal radius resection.     

Fracture and herniation of bowel at bone graft donor site in the iliac crest

Fracture at a bone graft donor site in the iliac crest is an uncommon but documented occurrence. Herniation at this site requires a deep dehiscence of the wound, and is rare. A patient is reported with complete wound dehiscence in association with a fracture at a bone graft donor site in the iliac crest.     

Hernia through an iliac crest bone graft site: report of a case and review of the literature

The iliac crest is a common donor site for autogenous bone graft as it offers the advantage of easy access and a relatively large and safe supply of bone. One of the less frequently reported complications of harvesting bone grafts from the iliac crest is a graft-site hernia. In the last decade less than 15 cases have been reported, however the true incidence of this complication is unknown. We report a case of iliac crest bone graft hernia in an obese diabetic female. The significant feature of this case was a large swelling six weeks postoperatively that was thought to be a hematoma. The actual diagnosis of hernia was made on the operating table during an attempt to evacuate the hematoma. Hence a high degree of suspicion is needed to diagnose a hernia following an iliac crest bone graft, particularly in obese patients and the suspicion should lead to confirmation by a CT scan.     

自体结构植骨结合钢板固定治疗初次全膝关节置换胫骨内侧严重骨缺损

目的：探讨自体结构植骨结合钢板固定这一技术在伴随胫骨近端内侧严重骨缺损的初次全膝置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）中的应用技巧及其价值。方法：自2012年3月至2018年10月采用自体结构植骨结合钢板固定处理初次全膝置换术中胫骨近端内侧严重骨缺损患者21例,男9例,女12例,年龄61～77(69.6±9.1)岁,病程64～257(73.6±170.7)个月。根据Rand分型：Ⅲb型13例,Ⅳb型8例。术后观察并发症发生情况,以美国特种外科医院（Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS）评分,SF-36生活质量评分进行膝关节功能评价。结果 ：21例患者均获得随访,时间37～64(49.5±13.7)个月。所有患者切口顺利愈合,术后2例患者出现下肢肌间静脉丛血栓,无假体周围感染、假体松动等其他并发症出现。所有患者在术后X线随访时自体植骨块均获得骨性愈合,愈合时间8～13(10.1±2.3)个月。患者HSS评分由术前30～48(53.4±4.2)分升高至末次随访时75～92(81.2±8.4)分（P<0.05）。患者术后SF-36生...     

Single-level instrumented posterolateral fusion of the lumbar spine with a local bone graft versus an iliac crest bone graft: a prospective, randomized study with a 2-year follow-up

The iliac crest bone grafting (ICBG) technique for lumbar posterolateral fusion surgery is widely used; however, donor site problems such as pain and sensory disturbance have been reported. Local bone is available for fusion surgery, but its reliability as a graft has not been fully reported. In the current study, we examined single-level instrumented posterolateral fusion with a local bone graft versus an ICBG in a prospective randomized study. Eighty-two patients diagnosed with L4 degenerated spondylolisthesis were divided into two groups at random. Forty-two patients underwent instrumented posterolateral fusion with a local bone graft (L4–L5 level), and 40 patients underwent instrumented posterolateral fusion with an ICBG (L4–L5 level). Rate and duration of bone union, visual analog scale (VAS) score, Japanese orthopedic association score (JOAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and complications were evaluated before and 2 years after therapy. VAS score, JOAS, and ODI were not significantly different between the two groups before and after surgery (P > 0.05). Rate and average duration of bone union were 90% and 8.5 months in the local bone graft group, and 85% and 7.7 months in the ICBG group, but without significant difference (P > 0.05). Prolonged surgical time and complications such as donor site pain (8 patients) and sensory disturbance (6 patients) were observed in the ICBG group. If single-level posterolateral fusion was performed, local bone graft technique has the same bone union rate compared with ICBG, requires less surgical time, and has fewer complications.     

Non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head treated with transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy combined with vascularized iliac bone grafting

A 49-year-old Japanese man who had non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head with a wide necrotic lesion received transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy combined with vascularized iliac bone grafting. After the bone graft (6 × 1.5 cm) was collected, the femoral head was anteriorly rotated by 90°. A bone tunnel of 1.2 cm in diameter was prepared on the necrotic lesion adjacent to the intact area from the anterior part of the femoral neck to inside the femoral head. The bone graft was trimmed to the size of this bone tunnel, and inserted up to immediately below the articular surface. In the monitoring using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the low signal-intensity area between the bone graft and intact area had disappeared, and a high signal-intensity area on the weight-bearing portion of the femoral head had extended. With modifications on the insertion point of the bone graft, transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy combined with vascularized iliac bone graft would be a useful means to preserve the femoral head in large non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Received: December 24, 1999 / Accepted: May 23, 2000     

带血管蒂腓骨头移植重建外踝的解剖及初步临床应用

目的为带血管蒂腓骨头移植修复外踝缺损提供解剖学依据,初步探讨其临床疗效。方法在60侧成人干燥腓骨标本上测量腓骨头和外踝的相应形态学数据,并在新鲜尸体上摹拟手术。临床应用1例。结果最大周径：腓骨头为(7．3±0．9)cm,外踝为(6．7±0．6)cm；关节面平均宽度：腓骨头为(1．4±0．2)cm,外踝为(1．6±0．2)cm；关节面平均长度：腓骨头为(1．5±0．2)cm,外踝为(2．0±0．2)cm；平均夹角：腓骨头为144°±11°,外踝为162°±10°；平均倾斜角：腓骨头为173°±70°,外踝为171°±6°。应用带腓血管蒂腓骨头移植重建外踝1例,疗效较好。结论腓骨头与外踝较为相似。根据外踝缺损情况,可以设计带血管蒂的腓骨头移植重建外踝。     

Long-term results of joint preserving therapy of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with a vascular pedicled iliac bone graft

Summary Various therapeutic options have been proposed in the treatment of femoral head necrosis ranging from conservative management to total hip arthroplasty. Since microsurgical techniques are routinely used in orthopaedic surgery, the importance of revascularization has increased in recent years. Vascularized bone grafting as well as various osteotomies have been considered for the stages II and III according to Ficat and II, III and IV of the criteria of the ARCO system respectively, which also bases on MRI-findings. We investigated the results of 80 patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head treated with a vascular pedicled iliac bone graft, perfused by the A. circumflexa ilium profunda, between 1988 and 1996. Mean follow-up was 5,6 years. The evaluation was based on the harris hip score, clinical and radiological examination as well as a subjective assessment using a VAS (visual analog scale). The clinical results according to the harris hip score were good or excellent in 86,1 %. These results correlate with the subjective assessment of pain and of the hip joint function with an average of 7,9 points using the VAS (max. 10 points). Unchanged radiological appearance over the follow-up period was observed in 47,5 % using the ARCO criterias. Reviewing the studies using vascularized grafts, about 50 % of the patients with a stage II and III according to Ficat and II, III and IV of the ARCO respectively show an unchanged stage of the disease 5–6 years after the procedure. Therefore, transplantation of a vascular pedicled iliac bone graft possibly offers the chance to intervene causally in the course of the disease with only little alteration of the biomechanics of the hip joint.      

自体股骨头植骨结合全髋关节置换术治疗陈旧性髋关节中心性脱位16例

目的:观察自体股骨头植骨结合全髋关节置换术治疗陈旧性髋关节中心性脱位的疗效,评价髋臼骨缺损进行自体骨重建的优越性。方法:自2008年3月至2013年12月采用自体股骨头植骨结合全髋关节置换术治疗陈旧性髋关节中心性脱位16例(16髋),其中男11例,女5例;年龄41～72岁,平均56.3岁;病程3.6～37.2年;交通事故伤12例,坠落伤4例。所有患者进行系统跟踪随访,评定术后1个月髋关节疼痛指标、Harris评分及髋关节总活动度变化。结果:16例(16髋)均获随访,时间11～78个月,平均27.3个月。16例(16髋)术前髋关节总活动度(56.2±23.4)°,VAS评分86.3±7.2,Harris评分32.6±12.6;术后1个月髋关节总活动度(181.8±17.6)°,VAS评分11.1±2.6,Harris评分86.3±7.2,均较术前改善,术后解决了疼痛和髋关节功能受限,假体位置均完好。结论:自体股骨头植骨结合全髋关节置换术治疗陈旧性髋关节中心性脱位,髋臼的初始稳定性及远期稳定性均较好,自体骨植骨避免了异体骨的并发症,骨源合理利用,价格低廉,减轻了患者负担。     

Analysis of relevant proteins from bone graft harvested using the reamer irrigator and aspirator system (RIA) versus iliac crest (IC) bone graft and RIA waste water

PurposeFemoral reaming using a Reamer Irrigator Aspirator (RIA) can produce greater than three liters of waste water per procedure, which contains cells and proteins that could promote bone healing. This purpose of this study was to determine the protein profile of RIA waste water and compare protein synthesis by cells harvested via RIA versus iliac crest (IC) bone graft.MethodBone graft was collected from 30 patients—15 using RIA from the femur and 15 harvested from the iliac crest. Waste water collected during the RIA procedure was analyzed in 12 patients. Cells from each graft were cultured in monolayer using growth media for 14 days and inductive media for the next 14 days. Media samples were collected on days 14, 21, and 28. Proteins for analysis were chosen based on their potential in bone healing, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory processes.ResultsProteins present in RIA waste water indicate the potential for clinical use of this filtrate as an adjunct for enhancing bone production, healing, and remodeling. Similarly, cells cultured from RIA bone graft harvests compared favorably to those from iliac crest bone grafts with respect to their potential to aid in bone healing.ConclusionRIA waste water has potential to serve as an autogenic and allogenic enhancer for bone healing. Continued development of processing protocols for viable commercial use of the waste water and pre-clinical studies designed to evaluate RIA waste water products for bone healing are ongoing.     

Septic hematogenous lumbar spondylodiscitis in elderly patients with multiple risk factors: efficacy of posterior stabilization and interbody fusion with iliac crest bone graft

The conservative and operative treatment strategies of hematogenous spondylodiscitis in septic patients with multiple risk factors are controversial. The present series demonstrates the outcome of 18 elderly patients (median age, 72 years) with septic hematogenous spondylodiscitis and intraspinal abscess treated with microsurgical decompression and debridement of the infective tissue, followed by posterior stabilization and interbody fusion with iliac crest bone graft in one or two lumbar segments. The majority of the patients were unsuccessfully treated with intravenous antibiotics prior to the operation. Antibiotic therapy was continued for more than 6 weeks postoperatively. Morbidity and early mortality amounted to 50 and 17%, respectively. Three patients died in the hospital from internal complications after an initial postoperative improvement of the inflammatory clinical signs and laboratory parameters. Fifteen patients recovered from the spinal infection. Three of them died several months after discharge (cerebral hemorrhage, malignancy and unknown cause). Twelve patients had excellent or good outcomes during the follow-up period of at least 1 year. The series shows that operative decompression and eradication of the intraspinal and intervertebral infective tissue with fusion and stabilization via a posterior approach is possible in septic patients with multiple risk factors and leads to good results in those patients, who survive the initial severe stage of the septic disease. However, the morbidity and mortality suggest that this surgical treatment is not the therapy of first choice in high-risk septic patients, but may be considered in patients when conservative management has failed.