关节镜下复位经皮中空拉力螺钉及张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折的临床研究

目的:探讨关节镜下复位经皮中空拉力螺钉及张力带内固定手术治疗髌骨骨折的临床效果。方法:选择髌骨骨折患者22例,在关节镜下复位,经皮采用中空拉力螺钉及张力带固定,观察治疗效果。结果:22例随访6～30个月,平均10个月,髌骨骨折均愈合,无内固定失败,膝关节功能恢复良好,优良率为100%。结论:关节镜下复位经皮中空拉力螺钉及张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折,具有手术创伤小、固定牢固可靠、提高复位质量、关节功能恢复快等优点,是安全、有效、微创的方法。     

空心钉结合张力带内固定治疗髌骨横行骨折

张力带钢丝内固定治疗髌骨骨折疗效确切,长期以来在髌骨骨折固定中被普遍采用,近几年亦有报告采用记忆合金聚髌器、空心拉力螺钉张力带钢丝、关节镜辅助下闭合经皮螺钉内固定、X线监视下闭合复位穿针外固定、可吸收内固定材料等方法固定髌骨骨折。各种髌骨骨折固定方法各有利弊、各有其不同适应证。     

关节镜下空心钉张力带固定治疗髌骨骨折56例分析

目的:分析总结关节镜下空心钉张力带治疗髌骨骨折的临床效果。方法:在关节镜下用空心钉张力带固定治疗髌骨骨折56例,随访6个月~3 a,平均18个月。结果:所有病例6~9周内骨折全部愈合,根据胥少汀的标准评定,优50例,良4例,优良率96.4%。结论:关节镜下空心钉张力带固定治疗髌骨骨折创伤小,操作简便,效果可靠。     

应用不同内固定方法治疗髌骨骨折71例疗效分析

目的：回顾性分析闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定、切开复位张力带内固定、切开复位镍钛聚髌器内固定三种方法治疗髌骨骨折的疗效。方法：三组髌骨骨折均选择非粉碎型。对骨折愈合时间、膝关节综合评价进行比较。结果：平均骨折愈合时间,经皮空心螺钉组9周 张力带组10周 聚髌器组10.5周。膝关节综合评价优良率,经皮空心螺钉组95.5%,张力带组93.3% 聚髌器组94.7%。结论：闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗髌骨骨折疗效满意,具有微创,操作简单,无手术并发症,骨折愈合时间相对缩短,膝关节功能相对好的优点。     

关节镜下经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗髌骨骨折的临床研究

目的:探讨微创手术治疗髌骨骨折的方法及疗效。方法:53例横断型或纵型髌骨骨折采用关节镜监视、C臂机透视下闭合复位经皮加压空心螺钉内固定术。结果:平均随访2年,骨折愈合时间最短8周,最长12周,平均10周。根据胥少汀等综合评分法[1],优46例,良7例,中、差0例,优良率为100%。结论:关节镜监视、C臂机透视下闭合复位经皮加压空心螺钉内固定治疗横断型或纵型髌骨骨折具有微创、关节面复位好、固定坚强、患膝功能恢复好快等优点。     

空心拉力螺钉张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折24例

目的:探讨空心拉力螺钉张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效。方法:2010年1月～2011年5月采用空心拉力螺钉张力带内固定治疗24例髌骨骨折。结果:24例获随访,随访8～12个月,平均10个月,无骨折再移位。参照Bostman评分,优19例,良3例,可2例,优良率91.67%。结论:中空拉力螺钉张力带治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ型髌骨骨折,固定坚强可不使用外固定,并且能早期进行功能锻炼,疗效好,并发症少。     

关节镜下微创内固定治疗低能量型胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨在关节镜辅助下使用锁定加压接骨板(LCP)或空心螺钉经皮微创治疗低能型胫骨平台骨折的效果。方法对20例低能量胫骨平台骨折患者在膝关节镜辅助下进行复位,塌陷处以异体骨植骨,并以空心螺钉或LCP固定。结果 20例患者骨折均一期愈合,平均愈合时间3.6个月(2.5~4.1个月);随访12~24个月,平均18个月。以Rasmussen评分标准判定疗效:优14例,良4例,可2例,优良率为90%。结论对于低能型胫骨平台骨折的治疗,在膝关节镜监视下辅助关节面复位,采用LCP或空心螺钉固定可使胫骨平台关节内骨折获得解剖复位,手术视野直观、复位可靠、手术创伤小,患者可早期进行功能康复,降低膝关节创伤性关节炎等并发症的发生。 更多还原     

空心螺钉治疗髌骨骨折分析

目的分析空心加压拉力螺钉加钢丝张力带固定治疗髌骨骨折的疗效。方法对52例髌骨骨折患者行空心加压拉力螺钉加钢丝张力带固定术。结果随访3～6个月，平均5个月，骨折愈合时间平均14．6周，根据治疗效果衡量标准，结果优良率96％，膝关节功能好。结论空心加压拉力螺钉加钢丝张力带固定是治疗髌骨骨折的一种好方法。     

髌骨体部横行骨折空心钛钉结合张力带钢丝的治疗体会

目的：探讨空心拉力螺钉张力带钢丝内固定方法治疗髌骨骨折的手术适应证及其优、缺点。方法：回顾性分析28例髌骨骨折患者,其中18例髌骨横行骨折患者采用AO空心钉加张力带钢丝内固定治疗。结果：经6个月~2年随访,18例患者骨折均愈合,其中：优13例,良4例,可1例。结论：空心拉力螺钉张力带钢丝内固定治疗髌骨骨折疗效可靠,固定牢靠;其成本低于镍钛记忆合金聚髌器,但高于克氏针张力带钢丝;固定强度在所有方法中最强,故膝关节可以早期进行功能恢复,临床愈合时间短。但因2枚空心钉吃骨量大,不适合于严重粉碎性髌骨骨折,其最佳手术适应证为髌骨横行骨折。     

关节镜辅助下经皮复位空心螺钉固定治疗移位的髌骨横形骨折

髌骨骨折占全身骨折的1％～1.65％,而横行骨折又占其中的50％以上。切开复位克氏针张力带内固定手术被广泛应用于移位的髌骨横形骨折[1],但是开放手术创伤较大,术后肿胀、感染风险也随之升高,且通常需要在伤后局部肿胀消退后手术[2]。随着外科技术的发展和微创外科的延伸,微创经皮复位固定技术应用于部分横行骨折,取得显著疗效结果。本次研究采用关节镜辅助下经皮闭合复位空心螺钉固定技术治疗13例髌骨横行移位骨折,临床疗效满意。1资料和方法〈br〉 髌骨骨折占全身骨折的1％～1.65％,而横行骨折又占其中的50％以上。切开复位克氏针张力带内固定手术被广泛应用于移位的髌骨横形骨折[1],但是开放手术创伤较大,术后肿胀、感染风险也随之升高,且通常需要在伤后局部肿胀消退后手术[2]。随着外科技术的发展和微创外科的延伸,微创经皮复位固定技术应用于部分横行骨折,取得显著疗效结果。本次研究采用关节镜辅助下经皮闭合复位空心螺钉固定技术治疗13例髌骨横行移位骨折,临床疗效满意。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.