不同引流方案治疗大量基底节区高血压脑出血患者的疗效对比

【目的】比较研究超早期微创穿刺引流术、额后部入路锥颅血肿穿刺抽吸引流术和小骨窗CT引导下钻孔引流术对于基底节区高血压脑出血患者的临床疗效。【方法】选择2015年1月至2016年1月本院收治的基底节区高血压脑出血患者90例,所有对象按照严格随机分组原则分为超早期微创穿刺引流术（A组）、额后部入路锥颅血肿穿刺抽吸引流术（B组）和小骨窗CT引导下钻孔引流术（C组）各30例。对比分析三组患者术后血肿吸收情况、神经功能缺失评分（NIHSS评分）、日常生活能力评分（ADL评分）和术后并发症情况等。【结果】A组血肿大小显著低于B组和C组患者血肿大小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;A组血肿完全吸收时间显著短于B组舜口C组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;A组患者的NIHSS评分显著优于B组和C组评分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;ADL评分显著优于B组和C组评分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;A组术后并发症发生率为3．33％（1／30）,显著低于B组的30．0％（9／30）和C组的36．67％（11／30）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。【结论】超早期微创穿刺引流手术对于基底节区脑出血患者具有明显疗效,恢复迅速,不良反应少,值得于临床广泛推广使用。     

超早期微创穿刺引流术治疗基底节区脑出血的疗效

目的:研究超早期微创穿刺引流手术对于基底节区脑出血患者的临床疗效.方法:将我院2010年4月至2011年12月收治的60例基底节区脑出血患者作为研究对象,所有对象按照严格随机分组原则分为超早期微创穿刺引流组与内科保守治疗组各30例,其中超早期微创穿刺引流组采用直角坐标尺定位行早期微创穿刺引流手术,内科保守治疗组使用常规治疗,不进行手术.对比两组神经功能缺失评分,日常生活能力评分,治愈率,血肿吸收时间,不良反应等.结果:超早期微创穿刺引流组血肿完全吸收时间为(5.9±0.5)d,显著短于内科保守治疗组(P＜0.05),超早期微创穿刺引流组患者的神经功能缺失评分为7.51±3.15,日常生活能力评分为97.11±3.44.其水平显著优于保守治疗组患者相应评分(11.35±6.93 vs.81.59±2.51),P＜0.05.超早期微创穿刺引流组痊愈者23例,疗效显著4例,有效3例.有效率100.0％.内科保守治疗组其痊愈者13例,疗效显著9例,有效4例,无效3例,死亡1例.有效率86.6％.结论:超早期微创穿刺引流手术对于基底节区脑出血患者具有明显疗效,恢复迅速,不良反应少,值得于临床广泛推广使用.     

超早期微创穿刺术治疗基底节区脑出血的疗效分析

目的比较基底节区脑出血超早期微创穿刺术与药物保守治疗的疗效,寻找理想的治疗方法。方法选择基底节区脑出血患者随机分为微创穿刺引流术组（50例）和药物保守治疗组（48例）,对两组患者的血肿消散时间,病死率,以及治疗后1个月和3个月临床神经功能缺损评分、6个月后日常生活活动能力（ADL）进行比较。结果病死率在两组间差别无统计学意义,微创穿刺术组的血肿消散时间比药物保守治疗组明显缩短,治疗后临床神经功能缺陷评分和预后ADL分级评估,可见微创穿刺术组也明显优于保守治疗组。结论：基底节区脑出血超早期微创穿刺手术治疗的疗效肯定。     

开颅小骨窗显微镜下手术与CT引导下穿刺微创血肿外引流术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效比较

目的比较开颅小骨窗显微镜下手术与CT引导下穿刺微创血肿外引流术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效。方法将254例高血压脑出血患者随机分成A组(130例)与B组(124例),A组采用开颅小骨窗显微镜下手术;B组采用CT引导下穿刺微创血肿外引流术。结果 A组患者意识障碍恢复时间(5.2±1.1)d,神经功能缺损(GCS)评分(8.2±1.3)分;B组患者意识障碍恢复时间(3.3±1.1)d,GCS评分(5.1±1.2)分,2组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2组在并发症、血肿清除量及疗效指标方面相比,B组均明显优于A组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 CT引导穿刺微创血肿外引流术其微创治疗创伤小,病程短,并可有效缓解症状。     

双靶点软通道微创穿刺引流术对高血压丘脑出血患者术后血肿清除率及格拉斯哥预后评分的影响

目的探究双靶点软通道微创穿刺引流术对高血压丘脑出血患者术后血肿清除率及格拉斯哥预后(GOS)评分的影响。方法选取某院高血压丘脑出血患者62例,依据治疗方案不同分组,各31例。对照组行常规侧脑室穿刺+体外引流术治疗,实验组行双靶点软通道微创穿刺引流术治疗。记录血肿清除率及脑积水缓解率,术后随访3个月,对比手术前后两组GOS评分变化情况。结果实验组脑积水缓解率及血肿清除率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组术后GOS评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论双靶点软通道微创穿刺引流术用于治疗高血压丘脑出血,可进一步提高脑积水缓解率、血肿清除率及GOS评分。     

超早期微创穿刺引流手术对基底节区脑出血患者的临床疗效

目的分析超早期微创穿刺引流手术对基底节区脑出血患者的临床疗效。方法本研究所选50例基底节区脑出血患者均为2015-02—2016-06所收治,根据治疗方法的不同将全部患者分成两组,对照组和实验组,每组各25例,对照组患者选择常规保守治疗,实验组患者则选择超早期微创穿刺引流手术治疗;观察分析临床疗效。结果对照组患者、实验组患者的临床治疗总有效率分别为84.0%、96.0%;在临床治疗总有效率方面,实验组显著高于对照组(P0.05);在首次抽血量、血肿完全吸收时间、留置针时间方面,实验组均显著优于对照组(P0.05);治疗前两组患者的NDS评分、ADL评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后实验组患者的NDS评分、ADL评分均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论在对基底节区脑出血患者进行治疗时,选择超早期微创穿刺引流手术治疗能取得比较理想的临床疗效,能快速清除血肿,促进恢复患者的神经功能,显著改善其日常生活能力。     

微创穿刺清除术在基底节区脑出血治疗中的临床应用

目的探讨微创穿刺血肿清除术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法选取行微创穿刺血肿清除术治疗的高血压基底节区脑出血患者61例作为观察组,选取同期行内科保守治疗的高血压基底节区脑出血患者47例作为对照组。比较两组患者神经功能恢复情况、血肿清除率、日常生活活动能力及死亡情况。结果微创穿刺清除术患者治疗3周后神经功能缺损评分、血肿清除率及治疗后3个月的日常生活活动能力恢复情况均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。微创穿刺清除术患者的病死率略低于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论微创穿刺引流术治疗基底节区脑出血手术创伤小、血肿清除率高,有利于患者神经功能缺损的恢复。     

双靶点软通道微创对高血压丘脑出血患者血肿清除率、脑积水缓解率及术后GOS评分的影响

目的探讨双靶点软通道微创对高血压丘脑出血患者血肿清除率、脑积水缓解率及术后GOS评分的影响。方法选2015年1月到2016年12月收治的的高血压丘脑出血患者共40例,利用随机数表的方法将患者随机分为A、B两组,每组各20例。A组患者采用常规侧脑室穿刺及体外引流术,B组采用立体定向微创器械进行双靶点软通道微创穿刺引流对患者进行治疗。通过分析两种治疗方法对患者血肿清除率、脑积水缓解率、手术恢复时间和术后GOS评分的影响,从而判断双靶点软通道微创的临床治疗效果。结果 A组患者拔掉插管前丘脑血肿清除率为(76.4±2.1)%,脑积水缓解率为(81.3±3.2)%;B组患者丘脑血肿清除率为(91.3±1.6)%,脑积水缓解率为(95.4±1.9)%,B组均明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组患者手术恢复时间为23~41天,平均为30.4±4.3天,B组患者恢复手术时间为10~24天,平均为15.3±2.7天,B组手术恢复时间明显短于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组患者术后3个月GOS评分为3.9±1.1分,B组患者GOS评分为4.35±0.9分,B组GOS评分明显高于A组,差异具统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用双靶点软通道微创治疗高血压丘脑出血可以有效地提高患者的血肿清除率和脑积水缓解率,缩短手术恢复时间,改善患者预后,值得在临床进行推广。     

神经内镜血肿清除术与微创血肿穿刺引流术治疗高血压脑出血临床效果比较

目的 探讨神经内镜血肿清除术与微创血肿穿刺引流术治疗高血压脑出血患者的效果及其对手术相关指标的影响.方法 选取2019年5月至2020年5月该院收治的高血压脑出血患者50例.根据手术方式的不同分为对照组和观察组,各25例.对照组患者行微创血肿穿刺引流术,观察组患者行神经内镜血肿清除术,观察两组患者手术相关指标、Barthel指数评分、格拉斯哥结局评分(GOS评分)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、总有效率及并发症发生情况.结果 观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量、血肿清除率及住院时间等相关手术指标均显著优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1个月,两组患者Barthel指数、NIHSS评分及GOS评分均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组总有效率显著高于对照组,并发症总发生率显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 高血压脑出血患者临床治疗选用神经内镜血肿清除术,可有效降低手术用时,减少术中出血量,临床疗效较好,且并发症发生率较低.     

血肿穿刺置管引流术治疗时机对重症脑出血患者的治疗效果

目的:分析血肿穿刺置管引流术治疗时机对重症脑出血患者神经功能缺损程度、日常生活活动能力、并发症和病死率的影响。方法:选取2015年1月～2018年1月我院收治的50例重症脑出血患者作为研究对象,根据手术治疗时机的不同分为对照组和观察组,每组25例。对照组行早期手术,即在发病后7～24 h行血肿穿刺置管引流术治疗;观察组行超早期手术,即在发病7h内行血肿穿刺置管引流术治疗。比较两组患者在不同治疗时机治疗后的神经功能缺损程度、日常生活活动能力、并发症和病死率。结果:治疗后,观察组的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分低于对照组,日常生活能力评分量表评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义,P0.05;观察组的并发症发生率和病死率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P0.05。结论:在超早期对重症脑出血患者行血肿穿刺置管引流术,治疗效果理想,能有效改善患者的神经功能缺损,提高其日常生活活动能力,降低并发症发生率和病死率。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.