牛血清白蛋白壳聚糖微球的研制

目的：探讨壳聚糖微球用于运载生物大分子药物的新方法。方法：采用Ｂｅｒｔｈｏｌｄ方法制备了壳聚糖微球,并用此微球包封牛清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）,对ＢＳＡ壳聚糖微球的大小、形态、含量和体外释药进行了一系列研究。结果：微球粒径主要分布在３．２～７．５μｍ范围内,药物含量为１１．５７％,在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中具有显著的缓释作用。结论：本实验制备的壳聚糖微球可用于运载生物大分子活性物质。     

葛根素壳聚糖微球的制备及体外释药特性

目的：以脱乙酰壳聚糖为药物载体,制备了葛根素壳聚糖微球,考察葛根素壳聚糖微球在体外药物释放特性。方法以液体石蜡为油相,采用乳化-交联法制备葛根素壳聚糖微球,高效液相色谱法测定葛根素的含量。结果制备的葛根素壳聚糖微球形态圆整,大小均匀,表面光滑,平均粒径为9．56μm ,葛根素包封率为72．20％,平均载药量为17．82％。结论体外药物释放结果显示：以壳聚糖为载体,采用乳化-交联法制备的葛根素壳聚糖微球具有良好的缓释效果。     

肿瘤坏死因子壳聚糖微球的制备及抗癌活性

采用Ｂｅｒｔｈｏｌｄ法制备肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦα）壳聚糖微球，并测定微球的一些基本特征参数。结果表明，微球粒径主要分布在１．２～３．５μｍ内，载药量为４５００Ｕ／ｍｇ，包封率为９５．４％。体外释放实验表明，壳 聚糖微微具有显著的缓释作用，是生物大分子药物很好的载体。ＴＮＦα壳聚糖微球能显著减轻小鼠瘤重，延长小鼠存活期，降低药物的毒副作用，用空白组及ＴＮＦα组比较，均有极显著意义（均为Ｐ〈０．０１）     

肿瘤坏死因子壳聚糖微球的制备及抗癌活性

采用Ｂｅｒｔｈｏｌｄ法制备肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦα）壳聚糖微球，并测定微球的一些基本特征参数。结果表明，微球粒径主要分布在 １． ２～３． ５ μｍ内，载药量为 ４５００ Ｕ／ｍｇ，包封率为 ９５． ４％。体外释放实验表明，壳聚糖微球具有显著的缓释作用，是生物大分子药物很好的载体。ＴＮＦα壳聚糖微球能显著减轻小鼠瘤重，延长小鼠存活期，降低药物的毒副作用，与空白组及ＴＮＦα组比较，均有极显著意义（均为产Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

比沙可啶合成工艺研究

以聚丙烯酸树脂肠溶Ⅱ号为囊材,采用相分离－凝聚法制备了克拉霉素微球,该法微球得率为（９０．５±２．０）％（ｎ＝３）,所得微球粒径为１５５．１±２６．３９μｍ（ｎ＝１０００）,载药量为７５％,克拉霉素微球在蒸馏水中几乎不溶出,而在ｐＨ６．８磷酸盐缓冲溶...     

聚羟基丁酯酯缓释微球的制备及性能

用溶剂蒸发法制备了以新型生物可降解材料聚羟基丁酸酯为载体、以安定为模药的缓释微球,讨论了药物与载体之比对药物含量与包封率的影响,以及制备微球条件对药物释放性能的影响;微球平均粒径为３０～４０μｍ,粒径分布在１～１．５之间,最大载药量为１９．５１％;最高包封率为６７．１１％;体外累积释放曲线呈“两相”释放特征并拌随初始的“突释效应”。扫描电镜观察微球表面呈皱缩表观形态结构,微球内部横断面具有孔道与孔     

丝裂霉素—肝动脉栓塞明胶微球的研究

报道了丝裂霉素明胶微球的研制方法，采用正交设计，优化了制备条件和工艺，采用动态透析法研究了微球的体外释药规律。结果表明：该微球粒径为５０－２００μｍ范围内的占微球总数的９０．２％，平均粒径为（６０．７６±９．６）μｍ，丝裂霉素的包封率为６８．４％，载药量为２０．８μｇ／ｍｇＧＭ。     

正常大鼠肝内门－体分流的研究

经大鼠门静脉注射乳胶微球，以完全阻塞肝内的门静脉分支，并观察门静脉压力（ＰＶＰ）的变化。结果表明，门静脉内注射直径为１５或８０μｍ的微球使ＰＶＰ分别增加了１０２．２％和２７２．３％；顺序注射不同组合的微球（１５μｍ＋４０μｍ＋８０μｍ或８０μｍ＋４０μｍ＋１５μｍ）并未使ＰＶＰ获得进一步的升高（分别增加了１６２．８％和１７８．６％）。尽管门静脉内注射乳胶微球可使ＰＶＰ显著升高，但却无法达到肝外门静脉钳闭时的高度（４．８７～５．７５ｋＰａ）。肝静脉楔入压（ＷＨＶＰ）于门静脉钳闭时明显下降，但在注射１５μｍ的微球后却与ＰＶＰ同步升高。所有实验鼠肺内均发现有许多微球。上述结果提示正常大鼠可能存在肝内门－体分流。     

氨茶碱／壳聚糖／β-环糊精肺吸入缓释微球的特性研究

目的：制备氨茶碱/壳聚糖/β-环糊精肺吸入缓释微球,考察其特性。方法采用喷雾干燥法制备3种不同药物/载体比例的茶碱/壳聚糖/β-环糊精微球A,B,C,通过扫描电镜、激光粒度测定仪、红外光谱仪表征其理化性质,透析法研究其体外释放行为。结果最佳药物/载体比例（ TH∶CTS∶β-CD）为1∶3∶1;扫描电镜结果显示微球外观圆整,表面光滑或有皱折;微球A,B,C 50％的容积粒径为（4．97±0．03）μm,（4．90±0．45）μm,（6．43±0．08）μm,分布范围窄;载药量为35．70％±0．09％,21．09％±0．62％,13．33％±0．33％;包封率为88．79％±0．23％,91．40％±2．71％,85．16％±2．15％;产率为52．98％±1．05％,46．08％±0．13％,45．81％±0．04％;红外光谱结果显示茶碱与壳聚糖和β-环糊精高分子间发生氢键反应;体外释放结果证实茶碱/壳聚糖/β-环糊精微球具有缓释作用,并且与药物/载体比例及药物性质有关。结论喷雾干燥法能成功制备氨茶碱/壳聚糖/β-环糊精缓释微球,符合肺吸入粉雾剂的各项要求,该微球有望成为肺部给药的良好载体。     

口服霍乱微球疫苗的制备及其靶向分布

采用可生物降解的合成高分子聚ＤＬ－乳酸－聚乙二醇共聚物,包封霍乱弧菌古典生物型、Ｉｎａｂａ５６９Ｂ株的外膜蛋白后,制备成口服高分子霍乱微球疫苗。微球粒径〈５μｍ微球中外膜蛋白有效封率为１５．３％。动物口服微球后,微球主要分布在体内肝,脾和肠系膜淋巴结等部位。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.