不同个体特征职工职业紧张和工作能力变化的研究

目的　探讨不同个体特征职工发生职业紧张和工作能力的变化。方法　采用职业紧张量表 (OSI R)和工作能力指数法 (WAI)测试 2 2 70例职工的职业紧张、紧张反应、应对资源和工作能力变化。结果　不同性别 :职业紧张、紧张反应男性高于女性 ,而应对资源女性高于男性 (P <0 0 1) ;而工作能力无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。不同年龄 :≥ 5 0岁年龄段紧张程度较<30岁年龄段得分高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而应对资源低于其他年齿 (P <0 0 5 ) ;工作能力随年龄增高呈下降趋势 (P <0 0 5 ) ,4 0岁年龄段开始下降明显。不同文化程度 :职业紧张、紧张反应及工作能力总均分有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,大学及以上文化程度的主要紧张源是任务冲突及责任感 (P <0 0 5 )。不同婚姻状况 :职业紧张、应对资源及工作能力总均分有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,已婚、离异职业任务及躯体、心理紧张反应显著高于未婚 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而应对资源未婚者显著高于已婚、离异 (P <0 0 5 )。工作能力分级为好者 ,紧张反应显著低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而应对资源显著高 (P <0 0 5 )。工作能力与职业紧张、紧张反应呈明显负相关 (P <0 0 1) ,而与应对资源呈正相关 (P <0 0 1) ;职业紧张的主要影响因素有年龄、休闲、自我保健、社会支持、理性处事、     

职业紧张与工作能力关系的结构方程模型分析

目的建立职业紧张与工作能力关系的结构方程模型,分析工作能力影响因素。方法采用工作能力指数量表和职业紧张量表,对2041名不同职业劳动者进行问卷调查,利用结构方程模型对职业紧张与工作能力关系进行分析。结果影响工作能力自评、生理状态、心理状态的主要因素是任务不适、心理紧张反应、躯体紧张反应、业务紧张反应。理性处事、文化程度、经济收入、休闲和自我保健对工作能力有一定的正向影响,而年龄、工龄、任务模糊、工作环境对工作能力有一定的负向影响。结论体力劳动者可以通过调整职业心理紧张反应和改善工作适应状态来提高工作能力,结构方程模型适用于职业医学的研究。     

The influence of psychosocial factors at work and life style on health and work ability among professional workers

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to explore the associations of psychosocial factors at work, life style, and stressful life events on health and work ability among white-collar workers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among workers in commercial services (n = 1141). The main outcome variables were work ability, measured by the work ability index (WAI), and mental and physical health, measured by the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Individual characteristics, psychosocial factors at work, stressful life events, and lifestyle factors were determined by a questionnaire. Maximum oxygen uptake, weight, height, and biceps strength were measured during a physical examination. RESULTS: Work ability of white-collar workers in commercial services industry was strongly associated with psychosocial factors at work such as teamwork, stress handling, and self-development and, to a lesser extent, with stressful life events, lack of physical activity, and obesity. Determinants of mental health were very similar to those of work ability, whereas physical health was influenced primarily by life style factors. With respect to work ability, the influence of unhealthy life style seems more important for older workers, than for their younger colleagues. CONCLUSION: Among white-collar workers mental and physical health were of equal importance to work ability, but only mental health and work ability shared the same determinants. The strong associations between psychosocial factors at work and mental health and work ability suggest that in this study population health promotion should address working conditions rather than individual life style factors.     

Appraised leadership styles,psychosocial work factors,and musculoskeletal pain among public employees

Objectives The main aim of this study was to explore the associations between appraised leadership styles, psychosocial work factors and musculoskeletal pain among subordinates in four different public service sectors from an epidemiological perspective. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted; data from 2,403 public sector employees in subordinate positions (86% women) were analysed. The appraised leadership styles were measured through items from a modified version of the CPE questionnaire (C change, P production/structure, E employee/relation). The structure validity of the CPE-model was examined by principal component analysis (PCA). Univariate and multivariate analyses of associations between levels of musculoskeletal pain and appraised leadership styles and with psychosocial work factors were conducted. Odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals (CIs) of 95% were used as a measure of associations. Results There were small variations in the appraisals of the immediate manager among the subordinates. However, the associations between musculoskeletal pain and leadership styles varied according to sector. Poor appraisals (low scores) on “change” and “employee relation” dimensions were associated with high levels of musculoskeletal pain in two sectors: home and health care services. In the domestic catering services, poor appraisals of managers in the “production/structure” dimension had the strongest association with high levels of pain. In general, poor appraisals of the “change” dimension was most strongly associated with high levels of musculoskeletal pain. “High work demands” had the strongest association with high levels of pain, particularly among the men. Conclusions Poor appraisals of managers and their leadership styles were associated with high levels of musculoskeletal pain among both female and male subordinates in different public service sectors. There is therefore a great need of further studies of the mechanisms behind the relationships between the leadership styles and their impact on health among the genders.     

Evaluation of work ability index and its association with job stress and musculoskeletal disorders among midwives during the Covid-19 pandemic

Background:Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and work-related stress are among the factors that can negatively affect work ability. Given the importance of midwives’ health, this study aims to evaluate the work ability of midwives and to investigate its association with the prevalence of MSDs and work-related stress in midwifery.Methods:Ninety-one midwives participated in this study. Three questionnaires, including Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ) plus body map, Persian version of work ability index (WAI) questionnaire, and Health and Safety Executive (HSE) job stress questionnaire, were used to collect data. Finally, the association of MSDs, work-related stress, and individual characteristics with WAI among midwives was investigated.Results:The highest rates of pain and discomfort were reported in the lower back and neck. The mean job stress was 116.08 with the highest scores on demand, role, and control subscales. The work ability among midwives was at an acceptable level of 39.07 on average. Inter-variable association analysis showed that the work ability was significantly associated with pain in the past 12 months and the number of coexisting MSDs. Job stress was not associated with work ability.Conclusions:Midwives’ WAI was at an acceptable level despite high prevalence of MSDs in midwives, the confirmation of the possible correlation between MSDs and work ability, as well as the high job stress in midwifery. Since the present study was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic, the high stress in midwives may be partly due to the pandemic and may not be permanent. However, this level of stress may reduce the midwives'' work ability over a long time.     

中小学教师职业紧张干预研究

目的评价中小学教师的职业紧张和工作能力状况,采取有针对性的综合干预措施,以便降低他们的职业紧张水平并提高工作能力,同时评价干预效果。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法选择四川省某市的9所中小学学校,以其中5个学校为干预组,其他4个学校为对照组,对该9所学校的教师进行职业紧张程度的调查和工作能力的检测,对干预组教师进行职业紧张的健康教育等综合措施,1年后以同样量表对该两组教师再次进行问卷调查和测量,从而评价干预效果。结果(1)干预后在职业任务问卷6个子项中,干预组教师的任务过重、任务冲突、责任感和工作环境4个子项得分较干预前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05),且干预后任务过重、任务冲突和工作环境3个子项平均得分也低于对照组教师,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05);(2)干预后在个体紧张反应问卷4个子项中,干预组教师的人际紧张反应子项得分在干预后显著降低(P<0·05),且业务紧张反应和人际紧张反应2个子项的平均得分也低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05);(3)干预后在个体应对资源问卷4个子项中,干预组教师在娱乐休闲、自我保健和理性处事3个子项上的平均得分显著高于干预前水平和对照组教师,差异均有统计学意义(P<0·05);(4)干预后,干预组教师的工作能力得分显著高于干预前和对照组教师(P<0·05)。结论干预措施能够有效降低中小学教师的职业紧张程度,缓解紧张反应,增强应对紧张的能力并提高他们的工作能力。     

职业紧张、紧张反应、应对资源与工作能力的关系

目的　研究职业紧张、紧张反应、应对资源与工作能力的关系。方法　采用职业紧张量表 (OSI R)和工作能力指数法 (WAI)测试 2 2 70例不同职业类型者的职业紧张、紧张反应、应对资源和工作能力变化。结果　 ( 1)不同性别间工作能力差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。职业紧张男性高于女性 (P <0 0 1) ,而应对资源女性高于男性 (P <0 0 5 )。≥ 5 0岁年龄段紧张程度较 <3 0岁年龄段得分高 ,而应对资源 <3 0岁年龄段均高于其他年龄段 (P <0 0 5 )。工作能力差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,且随年龄增高呈下降趋势 (P <0 0 5 ) ,40～岁年龄段开始下降。 ( 2 )工作能力分级为好者 ,职业任务总均分及紧张反应得分显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而应对资源得分显著升高 (P <0 0 5 )。 ( 3 )工作能力与职业紧张、紧张反应总均分呈明显负相关 (P <0 0 1) ,而与应对资源呈正相关 (P <0 0 1) ;职业任务与紧张反应总均分呈正相关 ,二者与应对资源总均分呈负相关 (P <0 0 1)。 ( 4 )职业任务各子项与紧张反应各子项 (除工作环境子项与业务紧张反应外 )呈正相关 ;任务不适、任务模糊、任务冲突与应对资源各子项呈明显负相关 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。紧张反应各子项之间互为正相关 ,并与应对资源 (除人际关系与休闲外 )呈明显负     

A comparison of ethnic groups in the treatment of bulimia nervosa

This exploratory study investigated whether White and ethnic minority bulimic participants differ on key features of eating psychopathology and treatment outcome. Data from a randomized controlled multi-site study comparing the efficacy of either cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or interpersonal therapy (IPT) for 219 women with bulimia nervosa were analyzed. A significant baseline ethnic difference for body mass index (BMI) (p<.001) was found as well as an ethnicity by center interaction for a prior history of depression (p<.05). In addition, there was a significant ethnic difference for the Weight Concerns subscale of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). However, once BMI was controlled, this difference did not retain significance. At post-treatment, while all ethnic groups responded with higher abstinence rates to CBT than IPT, an ethnicity by treatment effect was found for the reduction of objective binge eating episodes. Black participants, compared to other groups, showed greater reductions in binge eating episodes when treated with IPT than CBT. Other findings related to secondary outcome measures, though limited by small sample size, are discussed as providing directions for future research.     

Long working hours, occupational health and the changing nature of work organization

BACKGROUND: The impact of long working hours on health has been of major concern since the late 19th Century. Working hours are again increasing in the US. METHODS: An overview of historical, sociological, and health-related research presented at an international conference on long working hours is discussed as an introduction to a special section in this issue. RESULTS: Research indicates that long working hours are polarizing along class lines with professionals working regular though longer hours and less well-educated workers having fewer though more irregular hours. Extended and irregular hours are associated with acute reactions such as stress and fatigue, adverse health behavior such as smoking, and chronic outcomes such as cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Improved methodologies are needed to track exposure to long working hours and irregular shifts longitudinally. Research should focus on the adverse impact that sleep-deprived and stressed workers may have on the health of the public they serve. A variety of protective efforts should be undertaken and evaluated.     

商丘市医务人员工作场所暴力与工作能力的相关分析

目的探讨医务人员遭受工作场所暴力和工作能力之间的关系,为预防工作场所暴力的发生、提高工作能力提供依据。方法采用工作场所暴力量表(WVS)和工作能力指数量表(WAI)对河南省商丘市507名医务人员遭受工作场所暴力的情况和工作能力进行了调查,并用自制表格调查所有研究对象的一般情况。结果30~44岁年龄组医务人员工作场所暴力得分高于45岁及45岁以上年龄组,护士组工作场所暴力得分高于医生和医技人员组(P<0·05);文化程度为初中及以下者工作能力得分比其他文化程度者低(P<0·05);遭受工作场所暴力与工作能力呈负相关,相关系数为-0·250(P<0·01);多因素分析表明,在控制了其它因素后,遭受工作场所暴力是工作能力下降的危险因素,其OR值为8·44。结论遭受工作场所暴力对医务人员的工作能力有影响,应采取措施预防和控制工作场所暴力的发生。