1974例健康人和51例患者的血清脂类及脂蛋白胆固醇水平的研究

本文报告了1974例(新生儿～75岁)武汉地区健康者和51例心血管病和脑血管病者的血清脂类和脂蛋白胆固醇水平以及随年龄增长而出现的变化。结果表明,新生儿脐血各项测定指标均低于其它各年龄组,男女间无差异。男女性别血清总胆固醇(T-C),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,以及T-C/HDL-C和LDL-C/HDL-C比率则随年龄增长而增加(P<0.001)。血清HDL-C水平女性(61.9±16.9mg/dl)高于男性(58.8±17.4mg/dl)(P<0.001);T-C/HDL-C和LDL-C/HDL-C比率女性低于男性(P<0.001)。 脑血管病(CVD)患者与健康对照比较,血清HDL-C明显降低(P<0.001);T-C/HDL-C和LDL-C/HDL-C比率明显增高(P<0.001);高血压和冠心病(CHD)患者与健康对照比较无差异(P>0.05)。     

成年人代谢综合征及相关因素的分析

目的观察临沂市成年人代谢综合征（MS）的发生率及相关因素。方法采取多级抽样法抽取30岁以上的I临沂城镇居民1883人,分别检测空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（Fins）、血清总胆固醇（TCH）、甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、高密度胆固醇亚组分（HDL2-C、HDL3-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（VLDL-C）。结果BMI≥25kg／m^2组MS的发生率为20．9％;BMI（25kg／m^2组为5．6％,两组有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论超重与肥胖组的MS发生率明显高于正常体重组。超重与肥胖组血清FBG、Fins、TCH、TG、LDL-C、VLDL-C显著增高;BMI与TCH、TG、LDL-C、VLDL-C呈正相关。     

产次对孕妇血脂及妊娠并发症的影响

目的：探讨不同产次对孕妇血脂及妊娠并发症的影响。方法：收集2016年9月-2017年12月在河北省人民医院产检并分娩的孕妇共1 669例,按孕周及年龄分为4组：妊娠中期适龄组527例、妊娠中期高龄组261例、妊娠晚期适龄组636例、妊娠晚期高龄组245例,其中每组根据产次分为初产妇和经产妇,比较各组血脂水平、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）/总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）/TC、LDL-C/HDL-C比值以及妊娠结局。结果：①妊娠中期适龄组经产妇（与初产妇比较）三酰甘油（TG）、TC和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（VLDL-C）水平明显升高（P＜0.05）;妊娠中期高龄组经产妇（与初产妇比较）TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、VLDL-C和HDL-C/TC水平呈升高趋势,但仅HDL-C水平差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。②妊娠晚期适龄组经产妇（与初产妇比较）LDL-C、VLDL-C、LDL-C/TC和LDL-C/HDL-C水平显著降低,而HDL-C/TC升高（均P＜0.05）;妊娠晚期高龄组经产妇（与初产妇比较）TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、HDL-C/TC和LDL-C/HDL-C水平呈下降趋势,VLDL-C水平升高,但差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。③与初产妇相比,适龄组经产妇胎膜早破及胎儿窘迫的发病率下降,高龄组妊娠期高血压疾病（HDCP）和妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）、胎儿窘迫发生率下降（P＜0.05）;而适龄组经产妇早产儿和巨大儿发生率升高（P＜0.05）。④高龄组GDM和HDCP发生率高于适龄组（P＜0.05）。结论：产次对血脂有一定程度的影响,可导致妊娠并发症的发生。     

产次对孕妇血脂及妊娠并发症的影响

目的:探讨不同产次对孕妇血脂及妊娠并发症的影响。方法:收集2016年9月—2017年12月在河北省人民医院产检并分娩的孕妇共1 669例,按孕周及年龄分为4组:妊娠中期适龄组527例、妊娠中期高龄组261例、妊娠晚期适龄组636例、妊娠晚期高龄组245例,其中每组根据产次分为初产妇和经产妇,比较各组血脂水平、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)/总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)/TC、LDL-C/HDL-C比值以及妊娠结局。结果:(1)妊娠中期适龄组经产妇(与初产妇比较)三酰甘油(TG)、TC和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)水平明显升高(P0.05);妊娠中期高龄组经产妇(与初产妇比较)TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、VLDL-C和HDL-C/TC水平呈升高趋势,但仅HDL-C水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)妊娠晚期适龄组经产妇(与初产妇比较)LDL-C、VLDL-C、LDL-C/TC和LDL-C/HDL-C水平显著降低,而HDL-C/TC升高(均P0.05);妊娠晚期高龄组经产妇(与初产妇比较)TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、HDL-C/TC和LDL-C/HDL-C水平呈下降趋势,VLDL-C水平升高,但差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)与初产妇相比,适龄组经产妇胎膜早破及胎儿窘迫的发病率下降,高龄组妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)和妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、胎儿窘迫发生率下降(P0.05);而适龄组经产妇早产儿和巨大儿发生率升高(P0.05)。(4)高龄组GDM和HDCP发生率高于适龄组(P0.05)。结论:产次对血脂有一定程度的影响,可导致妊娠并发症的发生。     

1310例体检人群血清脂蛋白胆固醇与年龄、性别及血糖水平的相关性研究

目的探讨成人血清脂蛋白胆固醇与年龄、性别及空腹血糖水平的关系。方法选择1310名体检健康人作为研究对象,根据年龄分为6组,测定其血清脂蛋白胆固醇及空腹血糖,比较各年龄组及性别间脂蛋白胆固醇变化和差异,并行相关分析。结果极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)有随年龄增长而升高的趋势(r=0.19及0.25,均P=0.000),但60岁后男性VLDL-C有所下降。60岁前各年龄段男性VLDL-C结果均显著高于女性(P=0.000),60岁后男女间无差别(P>0.05)。50岁前男性LDL-C水平均高于女性(P<0.05),50岁以后男女间无差别(P>0.05)。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)随年龄增长变化不明显(P>0.05),但女性各年龄段HDL-C结果均显著高于男性(P=0.000)。相关分析显示随空腹血糖水平升高VLDL-C升高趋势不明显(r=0.08,P=0.004),但LDL-C有所升高(r=0.13,P=0.000)且HDL-C明显降低(r=-0.18,P=0.000)。结论随年龄增长健康人群有发生脂蛋白代谢紊乱的倾向,且男性趋势更明显;空腹血糖增高和脂代谢紊乱有一定的相关性。     

鲨烯对MSG肥胖大鼠脂肪代谢及脏器指数的影响

目的探讨口服鲨烯对MSG-肥胖大鼠的脂肪代谢以及脏器指数的影响。方法建立MSG肥胖大鼠模型20只,注射0.9%NaCl溶液的雄性新生大鼠10只(空白组)。断奶时将MSG大鼠随机平均分成试验组和对照组,分别饲喂含有鲨烯(1 000 mg/kg)的饲料和基础饲料。每2周称量体重一次。测定22周龄时大鼠体重和体脂肪含量,分析脏器体重指数、血脂含量、血清指数。结果与对照组相比,试验组大鼠体重和体脂肪显著降低(P0.05),血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯含量显著降低(P0.05),LDL-C和HDL-C降低,血清Leptin和睾酮含量显著上升(P0.05),心脏、肾脏、睾丸体重指数增加。结论鲨烯能够有效的拮抗MSG引起的肥胖,增加体内脏器重量,促进生殖系统的发育。     

健康人性格类型与血清脂蛋白组分胆固醇相关性的研究

本文报告对1548名健康人性格类型与血清脂蛋白组分胆固醇的关系进行观察,结果表明A型性格者HDL-C、HDL_2-C、HDL_3-C、HDL_2-C/HDL_3-C均明显低于非A型性格者,而LDL-C/HDL-C则相反。性格类型对LDL-C和VLDL-C无明显影响。不同性别、年龄、职业人群观察结果相似。研究结果说明,A型性格易患冠心病的结论是可信的,性格类型影响血清脂蛋白组分胆固醇水平而发生致病作用可能是原因之一。     

辛伐他汀与多烯康治疗高脂血症的疗效观察

目的 比较辛伐他汀与多烯康治疗高脂血症的疗效。方法将58例高脂血症患按血清胆固醇(TC)与甘油三酯(TG)升高情况,分为两组,辛伐他汀组20例,多烯康组38例。结果经三个月的治疗,总有效率：辛伐他汀组TC下降32％、TG下降5％、LDL-C下降42%、HDL-C升高13％;多烯康组TC下降3％、TG下降37％、LDL-C下降1％、HDL-C升高16％。结论辛伐他汀降低TC、LDL-C和升高HDL-C作用显;多烯康降低TG、升高HDL-C作用显。两药在疗程中均无严重副作用,可在临床推广。     

决明子、红曲、银杏叶和丹参复合物对大鼠血脂水平的影响

目的了解决明子提取物、银杏叶提取物、丹参提取物和红曲对高血脂症模型大鼠血脂水平的影响。方法建立SD大鼠高脂血症模型,低、中、高剂量组分别以0.267 g/kgbw、0.533 g/kgbw、1.600 g/kgbw剂量的决明子、银杏叶、丹参提取物和红曲的复合物连续灌胃30 d,设置空白对照组和模型对照组,灌胃前后检测各组大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平。结果建模1周后,模型对照组大鼠血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平均高于空白对照组(P0.05)。灌胃前,模型对照组与各剂量组大鼠血清TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C水平差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。灌胃后,模型对照组与各剂量组大鼠血清HDL-C、LDL-C水平差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);高剂量组大鼠TC、TG水平低于模型对照组(P0.05);中、低剂量组与模型对照组TC、TG水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论以决明子提取物、红曲、银杏叶提取物和丹参提取物为主要原料的复合物1.600 g/kgbw剂量可降低高脂血症大鼠血清TC、TG水平。     

乙醇对大鼠血脂影响及银杏黄酮的保护效应

目的研究不同水平慢性乙醇暴露对大鼠血脂水平的动态影响及银杏黄酮对高剂量乙醇所致血脂紊乱的调节效应。方法雄性SD大鼠分别给予乙醇0．8，1．6，2．4g／kg，高乙醇组预先给予银杏黄酮48或96mg／kg，另设正常对照组和黄酮对照组。试验第30，60，90d取尾血测定血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C、LDL-C）水平。结果大鼠摄入低剂量乙醇，TG、TC及LDC-C无明显变化，但HDL-C水平逐渐升高；中剂量乙醇也可升高HDL-C水平，但增幅逐渐下降，且TG、TC水平不断升高；高剂量乙醇暴露后HDL-C呈下降趋势，TG、TC、LDL-C明显升高。对高乙醇组进行银杏黄酮干预，尤其是在高水平时。抑制了HDL-C的下降及TG、TC、LDL-C水平的升高。结论低剂量乙醇摄入增加了血清HDL-C水平，中剂量乙醇摄入后HDL-C的保护效应逐渐丧失，高剂量乙醇则不断加重血脂的异常程度。银杏黄酮对高剂量乙醇所致的血脂紊乱有良好的调节作用。     

Effects of dietary crude palm oil, fish oil and their association on cholesterol and lipoprotein constants in rats which could be beneficial in humans.

The aim was first to examine the differential effects of crude and refined palm oil (CPO and RPO) on the lipid and lipoprotein constants of plasma in rats and to compare the effect of crude palm oil to that of fish oil. Secondarily, it was to know whether one can take advantage from the association of CPO with FO. Twenty-four-day-old weaning rats were divided into five experimental groups, each receiving a purified diet containing 10% oil as either a single oil or an equal amount of two oils. After a feeding period of 36 days, the main results were as follows. As compared to the rats fed the RPO diet, those fed the CPO diet had lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and apoB and higher HDL-C/LDL-C and apoA1/apoB ratios. Those fed the FO diet had only lower VLDL-C and triglycerides and higher HDL-C and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio. Whereas FO associated with RPO in the same diet had the same effect as FO alone, FO associated with CPO tends to reinforce the effect of CPO. This is particularly true for the effects on apoB and apoA1 which were found to be synergistically depressed and enhanced, respectively. Given the role played by these biological constants as predictors of CVD in humans, and in spite of the fact that these predictors are not relevant in rats, these results would suggest the potential interest of CPO or the association of CPO with FO in human nutrition.     

槲皮素对大鼠体内胆固醇分布的影响

目的研究槲皮素对大鼠体内胆固醇分布的影响。方法将50只雄性Wistar大鼠以AIN-93G基础饲料适应喂养1w后,根据体重和血低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平分为5组,即对照组和0.1%、0.2%、0.4%和0.8%槲皮素组。在第5w末,测定血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triacylglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)浓度,并取心、肝、肾、小肠及睾丸组织,测定其中胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、游离胆固醇(free cholesterol,FCH)及胆固醇酯(cholesterolester,CE)浓度。结果补充槲皮素后,血LDL-C浓度升高,其中0.4%槲皮素组与对照组比较有统计学意义,各组血TC、TG及HDL-C浓度差异无统计学差异;心、肝、肾和小肠中TC、FCH及CE含量有所下降,但睾丸表现为上升趋势。结论槲皮素具有影响胆固醇在体内组织中分布的作用。[营养学报,2013,35(2):172-175]     

Factorial experiment to determine influence of fish protein and fish oil on serum and liver lipids in rabbits.

Rabbits were fed purified diets consisting of casein (CA), fish protein (FP), and soy protein (SP) combined with MaxEpa oil (ME) or corn oil (CN) to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid sources on serum total, lipoprotein, and hepatic lipid levels. Dietary proteins and lipids exerted significant (p < 0.05) separate effects on serum total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.005), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) (p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.001), whereas only dietary proteins significantly affected low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.001) and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (p < 0.05). Hence, FP induced serum TC (233 mg/dl), VLDL-C (22 mg/dl), and LDL-C (151 mg/dl) intermediary to hypercholesterolemic CA (TC, 319 mg/dl; VLDL-C, 57 mg/dl; LDL-C, 204 mg/dl) and cholesterol-lowering SP (TC, 129 mg/dl; VLDL-C 19 mg/dl; LDL-C, 84 mg/dl). The twofold rise in HDL-C on feeding FP (35 mg/dl), compared with CA (20 mg/dl) and SP (16 mg/dl), resulted in a drop in LDL-C/HDL-C to a level similar to that of SP groups. The cholesterol-lowering action of ME (188 mg/dl), in contrast to CN (266 mg/dl), was reflected mainly in VLDL (ME, 15 mg/dl; CN, 50 mg/dl) but also in HDL (ME, 16 mg/dl; CN, 31 mg/dl) fractions. Compared with CN, the significant (p < 0.05) ME-induced rise in serum and VLDL triglycerides was accompanied by a significant (p < 0.001) drop in lipoprotein lipase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of vitamin C depletion on serum cholesterol and lipoprotein levels in ODS (od/od) rats unable to synthesize ascorbic acid

The effect of ascorbic acid deficiency on serum and liver cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride levels, serum lipoprotein levels and serum lipoprotein cholesterol levels were examined in male rats with a hereditary defect in ascorbic acid synthesis (ODS rats). Male homozygotes (od/od) and male rats of their parent strain (+/+) were each divided into four treatment groups and were fed vitamin C-deficient or vitamin C-replete diets containing either 0 or 0.5% cholesterol. During the 3-wk feeding-period the ODS (od/od) rats fed the vitamin C-deficient diet gradually decreased food intake, resulting in a lower body weight than that of od/od rats given ascorbic acid. The serum cholesterol level was significantly higher in the vitamin C-deficient od/od rats fed the cholesterol diet, and it tended to be higher in those fed the control (0% cholesterol) diet, whereas the liver lipid levels remained unchanged relative to those in od/od rats fed the vitamin C-replete diet. The serum very low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were lower in od/od rats fed the vitamin C-deficient diet without cholesterol, but intermediate density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were markedly higher in the vitamin C-deficient od/od rats than in od/od rats given ascorbic acid, regardless of dietary cholesterol level. The ratio of HDL2 cholesterol to HDL3 cholesterol was also higher in the vitamin C-deficient od/od rats. The parent strain of the od/od rats (+/+) showed no change due to vitamin C deficiency. These results suggest that vitamin C deficiency delays low density lipoprotein metabolism and produces hypercholesterolemia in male od/od rats.     

Mechanism study of chitosan on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats

It has been reported that plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations decrease when animals are fed with chitosan, but the mechanism is unclear. Four wk old male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were fed a commercial rat diet (cholesterol-free diet, negative control, NC), cholesterol-enriched diet containing 5% of chitosan (CH) or cholesterol-enriched diet containing 5% of cellulose (CE) and 5% of lard for 12 weeks. We would investigated the effects of chitosan on plasma and liver cholesterol levels, liver weight, bile acids concentrations of fecal and hepatic LDL receptor mRNA expression. The results showed that chitosan could decrease levels of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma (p<0.05), and TC, total triglyceride (TG) in liver (p<0.05), and increase fecal bile acids excretion (p<0.05), but the levels of TG and HDL-C in plasma was unchanged (p>0.05). In addition, the result of RT-PCR test showed that saturated fat and cholesterol fed could significantly induce the reduction of LDL receptor mRNA levels, while chitosan could increase hepatic LDL receptor mRNA levels. This study suggested that chitosan improve lipid metabolism by regulating TC and LDL-C by upregulating of hepatic LDL receptor mRNA expression, increasing the excretion of fecal bile acids.     

玉米油和猪油对大鼠血脂血糖代谢和脑脂褐质影响的比较研究

采用幼年ＳＤ雄性大鼠３０只，体重１５０±２０ｇ，随机分成三组，每组１０只：（１）基础饲料组：普通大鼠饲料；（２）猪油组：基础饲料中加入１０％猪油和１．５％胆固醇；（３）玉米油组：在基础饲料中加入１０％玉米油和１．５％胆固醇，饲养９周，比较玉米油和猪油对大鼠血脂血糖和脑脂褐质的不同影响。结果表明，玉米油组ＴＣ和ＬＤＬ－Ｃ水平较猪油组低，虽然两组均高于基础饲料组。玉米油组的ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比猪油升高不显著，但ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ（％）增加，同时ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值下降。基础饲料组，猪油组和玉米油组的大鼠平均血清ＴＧ分别为１.２８，１.２１和１.４５（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），各组之间的差别不显著。高脂饲料组动物的空腹血糖（ＳＧ）较基础饲料组高，但差别无统计学意义。三组不同饲料大鼠的脑脂褐质（ＬＰＦ）含量测定结果显示:基础饲料组大鼠的ＬＰＦ平均值１２.９Ｕ／ｇ蛋白质，而玉米油组和猪油组均明显升高，分别为２８.３和２８.８Ｕ／ｇ蛋白质。在以血脂各项指标为自常量，大脑ＬＰＦ含量为因变量的相关分析中发现，ＬＰＦ与ＴＣ和ＬＤＬ－Ｃ呈正相关，相关系数分别为０.６９１和０.５４７，Ｐ＜０.０１．     

甲鱼蛋粉混合物对高脂模型大鼠血脂的影响

目的　研究甲鱼蛋粉混合物 (红花油、维生素E、大蒜粉、甲鱼蛋粉 )对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用。方法　将 5 0只健康雄性SD大鼠按体重和血清胆固醇水平随机分成 5组 ,分别接受正常饲料、高脂饲料、高脂饲料加甲鱼蛋粉混合物 (低、中、高剂量分别为 0 5、1 5、5 0g kgBW )灌喂处理 ,7周结束 ,测定血清胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)。结果　与高脂饲料组相比 ,甲鱼蛋粉混合物能降低高脂血症大鼠TC、TG和LDL C ,其中高剂量组具有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　研究结果表明甲鱼蛋粉混合物具有降低高脂血症大鼠血脂的作用。     

甲鱼蛋粉调节大鼠血清胆固醇的基础研究

目的　研究甲鱼蛋粉对高胆固醇血症大鼠血清胆固醇的调节作用。方法　将 5 0只健康雄性SD大鼠按体重和血清胆固醇水平随机分成 5组 ,每组 10只 ,分别接受正常饲料、高脂饲料、高脂饲料加甲鱼蛋粉灌胃 (低、中、高剂量分别为 0 75、1 5 0、3 0 0 kgBW)处理 ,实验周期为 2 4周 ,实验期末 ,收集大鼠粪便 ,股动脉取血 ,酶法测定血清胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)的含量 ,气相色谱法检测粪便胆固醇、粪甾醇、粪甾烯 ,循环酶法测定总胆汁酸的含量。结果　与高脂饲料组相比 ,中剂量和高剂量的甲鱼蛋粉均能显著降低 (P <0 0 5 )高胆固醇血症大鼠血清TC ,且剂量为 1 5 0g kgBW时能显著降低血清LDL水平 ;两剂量组均显著增加粪便胆固醇、粪甾醇和粪甾烯以及胆汁酸的排出。结论　甲鱼蛋粉是通过增加粪便固醇类以及胆汁酸的排出来达到降低模型大鼠血清胆固醇的作用