Portal vein thrombosis following laparoscopic surgery in a patient with sickle cell disease

We report a case of portal vein thrombosis following prolonged laparoscopic intervention in a patient with Sickle cell disease. The operation combined a laparoscopic splenectomy, cholecystectomy, appendectomy. Presentation was insidious with vague abdominal pain and persistent postoperative pyrexia. The literature is reviewed, possible pathogeneses are discussed in the light of currently available data, and a strategy is suggested to recognize, avoid, and prevent this rare but potentially lethal complication.     

Portal vein thrombosis: an unusual complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Complications following laparoscopic cholecystectomy are encountered infrequently due to increasing proficiency in laparoscopic surgery. The occurrence of portal venous thrombosis following laparoscopic cholecystectomy has not been previously described and forms the basis of this report. METHODS: A healthy, 32-year-old, female on oral contraceptives underwent an uneventful laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallbladder disease. Sequential compression devices and mini-dose unfractionated heparin were used before the procedure. The patient was discharged home on the first postoperative day without complaints. She returned 1 week later with nausea, bloating, and diffuse abdominal pain. RESULTS: Ultrasonography of the abdomen revealed thrombosis of the portal vein not seen in the preoperative ultrasound and the superior mesenteric vein. Computer tomography of the abdomen and pelvis on the same day confirmed this finding and showed a wedge-shaped infarction of the right lobe of the liver. The patient was anticoagulated with intravenous heparin. An extensive coagulation workup revealed elevation of the Immunoglobulin G anticardiolipin antibody. A percutaneous transhepatic portal vein thrombectomy was performed. A postprocedure duplex ultrasound of the abdomen demonstrated recannalization of the portal venous system with no flow voids. Anticoagulation therapy was continued, and the patient was discharged home with resolution of her ileus. She was maintained on a therapeutic dose of warfarin. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates an unusual complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It may have resulted from the use of oral contraceptives, elevation of the Immunoglobulin G anticardiolipin antibody, unrecognized trauma, and was accentuated by the pneumoperitoneum generated for the performance of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Our case report provides insight and poses questions regarding necessary perioperative measures for thromboprophylaxis in young females on oral contraceptives undergoing elective laparoscopic abdominal surgery.     

Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication.

This report describes the second case of a superior mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis following an uneventful laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. The patient presented on postoperative day 10 with acute onset of abdominal pain and inability to tolerate oral food. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed superior mesenteric and portal venous thrombosis with questionable viability of the proximal small bowel. He was heparinized and taken for emergent exploratory laparotomy. At surgery and at a planned re-exploration the following day, the bowel was viable and no resection was needed. Despite continuation on anticoagulation therapy, he developed a pulmonary embolism. A hypercoagulable workup was normal. After continued anticoagulation therapy and supportive care, a duplex ultrasound 2 months after the event showed normal flow in both the superior mesenteric and portal veins. Possible mechanisms are discussed along with a review of the pertinent literature.     

Portal vein thrombosis following laparoscopic splenectomy for beta-thalassemia: a case study

Portal vein thrombosis is a rare but well-recognized complication of splenectomy. We present the case of a 31-year-old woman with transfusion-dependent b-thalassemia who underwent a laparoscopic splenectomy to reduce her transfusion requirements. Postoperatively, she developed portal vein thrombosis, diagnosed by abdominal CT scanning on postoperative day 4. After being treated with anticoagulation and antibiotic therapy, she obtained prompt resolution of her symptoms. This report summarizes the first reported incidence of portal vein thrombosis following laparoscopic splenectomy and presents the current theories regarding the etiology and treatment of postsplenectomy portal vein thrombosis.     

Major vascular surgery in a patient with sickle cell disease

We report a patient with homozygous sickle cell disease who underwent femoropopliteal bypass for claudication on walking 10m. Isotope studies showed a blood flow in his left femoral artery of only 0.808 ml. 100ml.min-1. The potential problems of sickle cell disease combined with peripheral vascular disease were probably reduced in this patient because he had an increased fetal haemoglobin level of 13%. Despite the femoral artery being clamped for 100 min, no sickling crisis occurred.     

Portal/splenic vein thrombosis following splenectomy in gastric cancer surgery

Although splenectomy is often performed along with en bloc node dissection in gastric cancer surgery, portal/splenic vein thrombosis (PSVT) has been rarely reported. We recently encountered a case of PSVT after a splenectomy was performed during gastric cancer surgery. A 53-year-old woman underwent total gastrectomy, splenectomy, and en bloc regional lymph node dissection for gastric cancer. An uneventful postoperative course ended with abrupt development of a fever and general fatigue. Laboratory tests showed elevated levels of liver transaminases and fibrinogen degenerative products. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed splenic vein thrombosis and partial liver infarction. Immediate anticoagulant treatment resulted in clinical improvement and partial thrombolysis in 2 months. PSVT after splenectomy in haematological disorders has been recognized as a possibly lethal complication. However, it has been underappreciated in cases of splenectomy for gastric cancer. The present case demonstrates the importance of considering PSVT as a possible complication of splenectomy in gastric cancer surgery.     

腹腔镜手术804例的体会

目的 :总结腹腔镜诊治腹部疾病的经验。方法 :回顾分析 80 4例腹部疾病患者行腹腔镜手术治疗的临床资料。结果 :783例腹腔镜手术获得成功 ,2 1例 2 6 1%中转手术。 1例术后出现胆漏后治愈 ,治愈率 10 0 %。结论 :腹腔镜腹部手术安全、可靠 ,并发症发生率低。     

手助腹腔镜外科技术在腹部外科中的应用(附113例报告)

目的:探讨手助腹腔镜外科(hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery,HALS)技术在复杂外科手术中的应用价值。方法:2002年2月至2006年12月应用HALS技术治疗113例患者,对临床相关指标,如手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症等进行观察和分析。结果:113例患者中,110例获得成功,术后并发症发生率为5.45%,无死亡病例。结论:HALS技术可提高复杂腹腔镜手术的效率和安全性,并在一定程度上保留了微创手术创伤小、康复快的优势。     

腹腔镜术后下肢静脉血栓形成分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜术后下肢静脉血栓发生的原因和预防措施。方法：回顾分析2000年5月至2006年5月2 000余例各种腹腔镜术后出现的26例下肢静脉血栓患者的临床资料。结果：手术时间20-200min,15例下肢浅静脉血栓治疗5-7d后症状消失,复查彩色多普勒血栓消失,随访3-12个月无复发。11例髂—股及股深静脉、血栓,经抗凝治疗14-21d症状消失,随访12个月无复发。结论：腹腔镜术后下肢静脉血栓的发生与患者高危因素、CO2气腹、体位等密切相关,在围手术期应积极采取措施予以预防。     

腹腔镜手术治疗肝脓肿的应用体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜肝脓肿置管引流术及腹腔镜肝脓肿切开引流术的适应证、手术方法和临床应用.方法:回顾分析2000年1月至2010年6月为63例肝脓肿患者施行腹腔镜手术的临床资料,其中34例行腹腔镜肝脓肿置管引流术,29例行腹腔镜肝脓肿切开引流术.结果:63例均在腹腔镜下完成,无一例中转开腹.腹腔镜肝脓肿置管引流术手术时间平...     

腹腔镜联合手术的应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜联合手术的临床应用价值。方法：回顾分析32例腹腔镜联合手术的临床资料。结果：32例均获成功,无并发症发生及中转开腹,术后3～7d痊愈出院。结论：腹腔镜联合手术能安全有效的处理多种腹部疾病,可在同一专科或多专科中联合应用,但需严格掌握手术适应证。     

腹腔镜手术在小儿外科的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜技术在小儿外科的临床应用。方法:对2003年12月至2004年9月间的139例小儿腹腔镜手术进行回顾性分析。结果:139例中1例中转开放手术,余均顺利完成。结论:腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、康复快、住院时间短等优点,小儿腹部外科的大部分疾病可以使用腹腔镜手术治疗。     

妇科腹腔镜手术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床分析

目的:探讨妇科腹腔镜手术后患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的机制与高危因素,总结临床诊治及预防措施。方法:选择2009年3月至2011年12月38例妇科盆腔手术术后发生下肢深静脉血栓的患者作为研究对象,同时选择同期未发生下肢深静脉血栓的200例患者作为对照,回顾分析其临床资料,总结形成下肢深静脉血栓的机制与高危因素,以及诊断、治疗、预防措施。结果:患者均采用血管多普勒超声进行诊断,确诊后立即行抗凝治疗,35例患者血栓全部溶解,3例患者血栓部分溶解。经过2~4周的治疗,患者临床症状明显改善,均未出现肺栓塞症状,病情好转后出院。其中高龄、伴内科合并症、CO2气腹患者术后下肢深静脉血栓发生率相对较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访3个月,无病情恶化、复发。结论:加强妇科腹腔镜手术后患者下肢深静脉血栓的预防,科学合理应用抗凝、溶栓等措施,对于术前合并高血压、高血脂、糖尿病等血液高凝状态的患者,术后严密监测,可有效降低下肢深静脉血栓的发生率,减轻患者痛苦,有效提高生存质量。     

Perioperative management in children with sickle cell disease undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with laparoscopic surgery in children with sickle cell disease. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed to analyze the indication for surgery, perioperative management, surgical technique, complications, duration of hospitalization, and outcome. One pediatric surgeon performed all procedures. RESULTS: Thirteen children underwent laparoscopic surgery for the following indications: symptomatic cholelithiasis/cholecystitis in 9; recurrent splenic sequestration in 3; and hypersplenism/symptomatic cholelithiasis in 1. The 7 boys and 6 girls had a median age of 7.8 years. Patients undergoing splenectomy only were younger than those undergoing cholecystectomy (median age, 3.6 years versus 11.5 years, respectively). Four children underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and sphincterotomy because of common bile duct dilatation and stones. Twelve patients received packed red blood cell transfusions prior to surgery. The median operative time was 150 minutes, and the median hospitalization was 3 days. Four patients suffered postoperative complications (2 with acute chest syndrome, 1 with recurrent abdominal pain, and 1 with priapism). The patient with abdominal pain was found to have a retained stone in the common bile duct, which was retrieved via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and sphincterotomy. All complications resolved with medical management. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery is safe in children with sickle cell disease. Meticulous attention to perioperative management, transfusion guidelines, and pulmonary care may decrease the incidence of acute chest syndrome.     

Portal and mesenteric vein thrombosis after portal vein embolization in a patient with protein S deficiency

Portal vein embolization can be performed safely, and so far no major complications have been reported. We report an extremely rare complication of portal vein embolization, a case of portal and mesenteric thrombosis in a 65-year-old patient with protein S deficiency. Right portal vein embolization was carried out prior to extended right hepatectomy for advanced gallbladder carcinoma involving the hepatic hilus. Computed tomography 14 days after embolization revealed massive thrombosis of the portal and the superior mesenteric veins. A protein S deficiency was found by means of an extensive workup for hypercoagulable state. Portal vein embolization may have triggered a cascade of events that was expressed as portal and mesenteric vein thrombosis resulting from deficiency of protein S. It may be better to determine the concentrations of such coagulation regulators prior to portal vein embolization.     

腹腔镜技术在腹部外科中的应用(附19例报告)

目的:总结分析腹腔镜技术在腹部外科疾病中的诊断和治疗效果。方法:回顾分析2003年8月至2005年8月应用腹腔镜技术对19例腹部外科疾病患者行诊断和治疗的临床资料。结果:6例腹部外伤患者行腹腔镜下止血治疗后痊愈出院,6例慢性阑尾炎行腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)治愈出院,2例肝纤维样肿块随访,肝右前叶下段肝细胞肝癌、肝右前叶下段表面囊肿、小肠外生性息肉样病变各1例,均获得满意治疗,随访无并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜技术在腹部外科疾病的诊断和治疗方面占有很大的优势,应用前景广阔。     

腹腔镜技术在腹部外科的临床应用

目的 :探讨腹腔镜在腹部外科手术中的应用价值。方法 :回顾分析腹腔镜胆囊切除、阑尾切除、肠粘连松解、肝囊肿开窗、溃疡穿孔修补、肾囊肿去顶、精索静脉结扎以及腹部联合手术等病例的临床资料。结果 :30 2例手术中因阑尾异位中转开腹 2例 ,出现气胸、皮下气肿各 1例 ,戳口感染 2例 ,全组均痊愈出院。结论 :腹腔镜探查有助于提高诊断率 ,降低阴性剖腹探查率 ,具有明显优越性 ,手术适应证随技术进步和设备改善被逐步拓宽     

Parvovirus glomerulonephritis in a patient with sickle cell disease

 A child with sickle cell disease developed glomerulonephritis 10 days following an aplastic crisis induced by human parvovirus B 19 infection. An initial kidney biopsy showed focal proliferative glomerulonephritis, and 1 year later was compatible with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Renal tissue, tested by polymerase chain reaction, was positive for parvovirus, while the patient’s blood was negative. For the first time a direct relationship has been demonstrated between parvovirus infection and glomerulonephritis. Received: 2 September 1997 / Revised: 13 July 1998 / Accepted: 16 July 1998