星形细胞瘤中肿瘤抑制基因p53的表达及PCNA、GFAP、Vimentin、S-100的研究

目的检测30例不同病理级别星形细胞瘤标本中p53基因的表达状垠及肿瘤其它生物学特性。方法采用常规HE染色及免疫组化技术检测30例标本中p53、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、波形蛋白（VIM）、S－100蛋白的表达。结果p53免疫组化染色阳性率随病理级别增高而增高，Ⅳ级染色阳性率83．3％，Ⅰ～Ⅱ级15．4％，且不同级别染色有差异，PCNA均呈阳性，Ⅳ级病理染色阳性强度大于Ⅰ级。GFAP、S-100随病理级别升高而阳性率降低，VIM却随病理级别升高而升高。结论检测p53突变产物，可判定星形细胞瘤恶性程度与预后，p53基因在星形细胞瘤发展、演化中有重要作用。PCNA可反映星形细胞瘤增殖活性及恶性程度。GFAP、VIM、S－100的测定也可了解其分化程度，三者结合可增加判断的准确性。     

脑星形细胞瘤癌基因表达

52例星形细胞瘤应用免疫组化方法,检测癌基因p~(53)、C-erbB-2及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达,结果发现①p53异常表达率为41.2%(24/52),C-erbB-2过度表达率为39%(20/52),PCNA(PI>0.05)增殖指数为77%(40/52),与对照组正常脑组织对比有显著差异(P<0.001).②p53,C-erbB-2,PCNA异常表达与病理级别有明显相关性.病理Ⅲ,Ⅳ级的阳性率分别为80%(16/20),40%(8/20),100%(20/20),(P0.05);C-erbB-2阳性组,PCNA指数;0.361±0.27,阴性组PCNA指数;0.399±0.39,两组间亦无差异(P>0.05).④11例胶质增生组织有1例(9%)显示p53表达,C-erbB-2,PCNA无表达.随访3年,病变复发,病理证实为星形细胞瘤Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,C-erbB-2,PCNA表达.结果提示:①星形细胞瘤p53、C-erbB-2及PCNA的异常表达可作为星形细胞瘤恶性程度及病人预后的指标,以p53过度表达尤为重要;②3种抗体的联合应用对星形细胞瘤发病机理研究及预测早癌发生有一定价值,p53异常表达主要是影响星形细胞瘤的分化,而C-erbB-2对肿瘤进展早期起一定作用.③胶质增生的胶质细胞具有恶性表型.     

GFAP、Vimentin、VEGF和p53的表达与星形细胞瘤预后的相关性研究

目的探讨胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和p53的表达与星形细胞瘤预后的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法,检测GFAP、Vimentin、VEGF和p53在星形细胞瘤的表达,将其结果与预后随访结果作综合性分析。结果Ⅰ-Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级星形细胞瘤患者之间,2年生存率及5年生存率之间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。随病理级别增高,GFAP阳性细胞数递减,而Vimentin阳性细胞数递增,Vimentin/GFAP比值亦呈上升趋势。在星形细胞瘤中VEGF和p53的阳性表达率分别为64.1%和47.2%,其表达与病理学分级呈正相关。结论GFAP、Vimentin、VEGF和p53是评价星形细胞瘤病人预后的重要指标。     

脑星形细胞瘤癌基因表达

52例星形细胞瘤应用免疫组化方法，检测癌基困P^53、C-erbB-2及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达，结果发现④p53异常表达率为41.2%(24／52),C-erbB-2过度表达率为39%(20／52)，PCNA(PI>0．05)增殖指数为77%(40／52)，与对照组正常脑组织对比有显差异(P<0.01)。②p53，C-erbB-2，PCNA异常表达与病理级别有明显相关性。病理Ⅲ，Ⅳ级的阳性率分别为80%(16/20)，40%(8／20)，100%(20／20)，(P<0.001)；Ⅱ级的阳性率为33．3％(8／24)，50％(12／24)，83．3%(20／24)，(P<0．01)：Ⅰ级的阳性率为0：③p53阳性组，PCNA指数(PI)；0.552±0.322，阴性组PCNA指数为024±0．308，两组间无差异(P>0．05)；C-erbB-2阳性组，PCNA指数：0．361±0.27，阴性组PCNA指数：0．399±0.39，两组间亦无差异(P>0．05)．④11例胶质增生组织有1例(9％)显示p53表达，C-erbB-2，PCNA无表达：随访3年，病变复发，病理证实为星形细胞瘤Ⅰ～Ⅱ级，C-erbB-2，PCNA表达。结果提示：①星形细胞瘤p53、C-erbB-2及PCNA的异常表达可作为星形细胞瘤恶性程度及病人预后的指标，以p53过度表达尤为重要；②3种抗体的联合应用对星形细胞瘤发病机理研究及预测早癌发生有一定价值，p53异常表达主要是影响星形细胞瘤的分化，而C-erbB-2对肿瘤进展早期起一定作用。③胶质增生的胶质细胞具有恶性表型。     

PCNA和GFAP在脑星形胶质细胞瘤中表达的双重染色研究

目的研究人脑星形胶质细胞瘤中增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达及其与肿瘤分级的关系。方法采用免疫组化双重染色法对41例人脑星形胶质细胞瘤进行PCNA和GFAP两重标记检测。结果脑星形胶质细胞瘤中PCNA与GFAP表达率均为100％，PCNA表达水平与肿瘤分级呈正相关（r=-0．627，P〈0．01），GFAP表达水平与肿瘤分级呈负相关（r=-0．568，P〈0．01）；Ⅰ-Ⅱ级与Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤间PCNA和GFAP表达均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；GFAP表达和PCNA表达水平呈负相关（r=-0．332，P〈0．05）。结论PCNA与GFAP的表达有一定的相关性。PCNA与GFAP的双重表达与脑星形胶质细胞瘤的增殖活性和恶性程度有关。     

P53蛋白在脑胶质细胞瘤中的表达

用SP免疫组化方法检测79例脑胶质细胞瘤中P53蛋白的表达,总阳性率为21.52%.其中星形细胞瘤及室管膜瘤阳性率分别为26%及25%,且Ⅲ、Ⅳ级肿瘤阳性率及表达量均显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ级肿瘤.表明P53蛋白的表达与这两型肿瘤的恶性程度密切相关.但临床上恶性程度很高的髓母细胞瘤反而未见表达.     

Survivin、PTEN蛋白在脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及其相关性

目的 探讨Survivin、PTEN蛋白在脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及其相关性.方法 应用免疫组化SP法,检测65例脑星形细胞瘤患者的肿瘤标本中Survivin、PTEN蛋白的表达.结果 不同级别间的脑星形细胞瘤Survivin 蛋白的表达阳性率差异有统计学意义,Ⅱ级显著低于Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级(均P＜0.05);不同级别间PTEN蛋白表达的阳性率差异有统计学意义,Ⅱ级显著高于Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级(P＜0.05,P＜0.001);两者在脑星形细胞瘤中的表达呈负相关(r=-0.5367,P＝0.002).结论 Survivin、PTEN蛋白的表达与脑星形细胞瘤形成有关,抑癌基因PTEN的突变与Survivin基因的表达可能在星形细胞瘤的恶性进展中起协同作用.     

P16与P53蛋白在脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的:探讨P16与P53蛋白在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及与病理分级的关系。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测52例胶质瘤手术标本及2株人脑胶质瘤细胞系中P16与P53蛋白的表达状况,并分析其与该类肿瘤病理级别的关系。结果:随胶质瘤病理级别的升高P16蛋白的表达率逐渐降低,Ⅰ～Ⅳ级阳性率分别为75.0％、64.7％、42.8％和33.3％,低度恶性组(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)与高度恶性组(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)间有显著差异(P<0.05)。P53蛋白表达率随胶质瘤病理级别的升高有上升趋势。结论:P16及P53基因表达在胶质瘤恶性演变中有重要意义。     

PTEN／MMAC1基因表达与星形细胞瘤细胞增殖的相关性研究

目的研究人脑星形细胞瘤中PTEN/MMAC1基因编码蛋白的表达和星形细胞瘤增殖的关系,探讨PTEN/MMAC1基因突变在人脑星形细胞瘤增殖中的作用。方法应用PCR-SSCP、SP免疫组织化学法检测了52例星形细胞瘤中PTEN/MMAC1基因突变及表达情况,和肿瘤细胞核增殖抗原(PCNA)增殖程度;并用SPSS10.0统计软件分析PTEN/MMAC1基因表达与PCNA的关系。结果52例人脑星形细胞瘤中,PTEN/MMAC1蛋白表达缺失率约40.4%(21/52)。PTEN/MMAC1表达与肿瘤病理分级有显著关系,其中Ⅰ-Ⅱ级阳性率约80.0%,Ⅲ级约55.0%、Ⅳ级为33.3%,各级别组PTEN/MMAC1表达的差异有显著性(P<0.01);PTEN/MMAC1表达程度与星形细胞瘤的增殖呈显著负相关(r=-0.846,P<0.01)。结论PTEN/MMAC1表达与星形细胞瘤的恶性程度有关系,恶性程度越高,病人预后越差,该蛋白水平越低,肿瘤细胞的恶性增殖越明显。     

星形细胞瘤中肿瘤抑制基因p53的表达及PCNA,GFA …

目的 检测３０例不同病理级别星形细胞瘤标本中ｐ５３基因的表达状况及肿瘤其它生物学特性。方法 采用常规ＨＥ染色及免疫组化技术检测３０例标本中ｐ５３，增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）胶质纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）波形蛋白（ＶＩＭ），Ｓ１００蛋白的表达。结果 ｐ５３免疫组化染色阳性率随病理级别增高而增高，Ⅳ级染色阳性率８３．３％，Ⅰ～Ⅱ级１５．４％，且不同级别染色有差异；ＰＣＮＡ均呈阳性，Ⅳ级病理染色阳性强度大     

Mechanisms of the suppression of the nociceptive reflex of the opening of the mouth during stimulation of the structures of the limbic brain

The comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory influence of tetanic stimulation of hypothalamus, amygdala and limbic cortex on EMG-response of m. digastricus evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp nociceptive afferents was studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. It was found that inhibition of the EMG-component of the jaw-opening reflex is most pronounced in case of stimulation of medial and lateral region of the hypothalamus, the inhibitory effect of central and medial nuclei of the amygdala is less pronounced and the effect of the limbic cortex is the weakest. It was shown that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of tetanic stimulation of the hypothalamus is not related to the concomitant increase of the blood pressure. After stabilization of the blood pressure the suppressive effect of the hypothalamus remains without changes, that points out to a direct, primary, not baro-afferent mechanism of the inhibition of the activity of nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Noradrenaline, injected intravenously, induced a large increase of the blood pressure accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the pain reflex. Angiotensin causes the same degree of blood pressure elevation without changes in the amplitude of the EMG-response of the pain reflex. Hypothalamic and noradrenergic mechanisms for control of pain sensitivity are discussed.     

药物治疗与合并认知行为治疗对强迫症疗效的比较

目的探讨认知行为心理治疗(CBT)在强迫症(OCD)患者各亚型治疗中的有效性和规律性。方法本研究为临床对照研究。符合入组标准的强迫症患者按患者自愿原则分为两组,治疗观察3、6、12个月。疗效评定分别运用Yale-Brown强迫量表,自拟的自评好转程度量表和临床疗效评定。结果认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗组31例,临床有效率70.9%,其中治愈率1.8%。单纯药物治疗组24例,临床有效率33.3%。Yale-Brown强迫量表和自评量表得分在6个月和12个月两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中强迫症亚型(怕脏型、反复检查型和反复担心型)的疗效比较,怕脏型在治疗3个月末两组间自评量表评分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复担心型在治疗6个月末两组间Yale-Brown强迫量表总分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复检查型两组间无统计学差异。结论认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗强迫症的疗效明显优于单纯药物治疗。强迫症的亚型在治疗中的有效性次序为:反复担心型>怕脏型>反复检查型。     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Summary Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves.Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue, whose activity was revealed after-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres.Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa.The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S₁–S₄. S₁, S₂ and usually S₃ fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S₂, S₃ and sometimes S₁ fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S₃, usually S₂ and occasionally S₁ fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S₄ fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors.There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

A contribution to the study of the architecture of the autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract of the rat

Summary The distribution of aminergic and non-aminergic nerve fibres to the different constituents of the wall of the digestive tract in various regions is described. Aminergic fibres synapse with all nervous perikarya. Densely interlacing networks of nerve fibres are found in both layers of the tunica muscularis and in the lamina muscularis mucosae. A finely meshed plexus is observed in relation to the wall of the blood vessels in the wall of the gut. There are many fibres connecting the muscular and the vascular plexus. No nerve fibres have been observed in direct relation to the epithelium.The functional implications of these findings are discussed.