VSD技术在老年严重软组织损伤治疗中的应用

骨科创伤致软组织缺损是临床常见的难以治愈的急慢性损伤之一.由于软组织缺损面积大、部位深,常伴有骨质外露,易合并感染,传统换药方法使创面很难愈合,尤其是对于老年人.对污染严重和部分复合组织缺损而暂时无法进行Ⅰ期皮瓣和植皮修复的患者,目前常采用负压封闭引流技术( VSD)治疗[1,2].我科2008年1月至2010年12月对30例软组织缺损患者应用VSD治疗,取得了满意疗效.     

急性脑卒中的早期康复治疗

脑卒中是我国常见病、多发病之一,患者得病后常遗留有神经功能缺损.为了减少患者的致残率,使患者最大程度地生活自理,我们观察了脑卒中患者的早期康复治疗对神经功能的影响.     

含单侧皮肤耳廓游离复合组织瓣联合鼻唇沟皮瓣修复老年单侧鼻翼全层缺损18例

常因受到外界创伤、感染以及各种皮肤肿瘤手术后而形成组织缺损,特别是老年患者,因身体功能衰退,免疫功能逐步下降,鼻部受到损伤因素作用后更易形成组织缺损.因此,修复各种损伤因素所致的老年患者鼻翼组织全层缺损一直是整形外科医师的重大挑战之一.耳廓游离复合组织瓣是修复鼻翼缺损非常好的结构体[1],鼻唇沟皮瓣皮肤与鼻翼皮肤色泽、质地非常接近,且血运良好,创面可以一期直接闭合[2～4],是修复鼻翼缺损良好的外被供区,将二者巧妙地结合,易达到较佳的临床效果.     

室间隔缺损介入治疗现状及展望

室间隔缺损是最常见的先天性心内畸形之一,既往外科修补是唯一治疗方法,近年经导管介入治疗室间隔缺损发展迅速,现从适应证、禁忌证、封堵器的选择、治疗效果及如何减少并发症等角度,提出应根据左室造影形态结合超声检查选择封堵器.对患者实施个体化的介入封堵治疗,说明室间隔介入封堵治疗安全有效,可作为具有适应证患者的首选治疗方法.     

膀胱肌瓣代输尿管术治疗全程输尿管缺损（附1例报告并文献复习）

目的 总结膀胱肌瓣代输尿管术治疗全程输尿管缺损的经验,为临床提供借鉴和指导.方法 报告1例医源性全程输尿管损伤患者行膀胱肌瓣代输尿管术治疗的临床资料,并结合文献进行分析.结果 术中切取膀胱肌瓣替代左输尿管缺损约25 cm,术中、术后无明显并发症发生.术后血肌酐、尿素氮及电解质较术前无明显变化;2个月时左肾造瘘管造影示膀胱肌瓣代输尿管通畅,吻合口无狭窄,膀胱容量约250 mL;6个月时肾动态显像检查示左肾功能改善,膀胱功能恢复.结论 对输尿管缺损患者应首选自身尿路组织替代,膀胱肌瓣代输尿管术是治疗全程输尿管缺损的方法之一,其能恢复尿路的连续性,改善患者的肾功能,值得临床推广应用.     

老年皮层下动脉硬化性脑病患者注意力缺损状况

目的 观察老年皮层下动脉硬化性脑病患者注意力缺损状况.方法 应用划销测验,检测95例老年皮层下动脉硬化性脑病患者注意力缺损状况,按认知障碍程度分成三组:认知正常组33例,轻度认知障碍组30例,痴呆组32例.检测结果与32例对照组比较分析.结果 划销测验四组相互比较均有明显差别(P＜0.05),皮层下动脉硬化性脑病患者均减低,并且按照认知障碍程度逐步减低.结论 注意力受损是皮层下动脉硬化性脑病患者的症状之一,可用于皮层下动脉硬化性脑病合并认知障碍的早期发现和监测.     

心肌桥患者~(99)Tc~m-MIBI运动负荷心肌血流灌注断层显像的特点

目的 总结和分析冠状动脉心肌桥患者99Tcm-MIBI运动负荷心肌血流灌注断层显像的特点.方法 回顾2003年至2009年经冠状动脉造影证实的冠状动脉心肌桥患者17例,分析其~(99)Tc~m-MIBI运动负荷心肌血流灌注断层显像放射性分布特点.结果 17例心肌桥患者中有12例患者出现异常心肌血流灌注断层影像.6例收缩期壁冠状动脉受压狭窄＜50%的患者中有2例患者出现异常心肌血流灌注断层影像,表现为可逆性缺损和反向再分布.4例收缩期壁冠状动脉受压狭窄50%～75%的患者中有3例患者出现异常心肌血流灌注断层影像,表现为可逆性缺损、部分可逆性缺损、固定缺损、反向再分布.7例收缩期壁冠状动脉受压狭窄75%～100%的患者心肌血流灌注断层影像异常率为100%,表现为可逆性缺损、部分可逆性缺损、固定缺损、反向再分布.结论 冠状动脉心肌桥患者可以导致心肌血流灌注断层显像异常.收缩期壁冠状动脉受压75%～100%心肌桥患者均出现异常心肌血流灌注断层显像.     

介入封堵房间隔、室间隔缺损前后血浆心钠素的变化

目的研究应用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损及室间隔缺损术前、后血浆心钠素的变化. 方法25例房间隔缺损患者,14例室间隔缺损患者,年龄3～56(27.4)岁,体重12～88(54.7)kg.建立血管轨道后,在超声及x线导引下在应用Amplatzer封堵器介入封堵房间隔缺损及室间隔缺损.在封堵前、后5min,24h,3个月分别行血浆内钠素的测定.并选用15例正常人作为对比.     

手术治疗60岁以上房间隔缺损患者的经验

<正> 房间隔缺损是先天性心脏病中常见疾病之一,老年房间隔缺损患者手术治疗有其特殊性。现将我院17例60岁以上房间隔缺损患者手术及围手术期处理的经验报道如下,旨在为临床提供一定的指导。 1 资料与方法 1.1 研究对象选择2000年4月～2007年12月在我院心胸外科手术治疗的60岁以上房间隔缺损患者17例,其中男6例,女11例,年龄60～65(62.8±2.1)岁。均于胸骨左缘     

外伤性颅骨缺损修补术后并发症的相关因素分析

2000年7月～2006年12月,我们共施行128例外伤性颅骨缺损修补术,34例术后发生并发症.结果 术后并发症的发生率,钛网组(11.5%)明显低于骨水泥组(45.9%)及自体颅骨组(28.2%),青壮年患者(16.3%)明显低于中老年患者(52.8%),缺损＜40 cm2者(15.3%)明显低于缺损＞40 cm2者(41.1%)(P均＜0.05).认为颅骨缺损修补术后并发症的发生率与修补材料、患者年龄、颅骨缺损大小有关.     

Long-term cost-effectiveness of transcatheter versus surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect in adults

Background

The most common congenital anomaly in adults is secundum atrial septal defect (ASD), which can be closed using a surgical or transcatheter approach. Despite the growing use of transcatheter ASD closure, few studies have examined the cost-effectiveness of this strategy. We sought to compare the long-term cost effectiveness of transcatheter and surgical closure of secundum ASD in adults.

Methods

A decision-analytic model was used with all clinical outcome parameter estimates obtained from the province-wide Québec Congenital Heart Disease Database. Costs were obtained from a single academic centre (Canadian dollars). A cost-effectiveness analysis using a discrete event Monte Carlo simulation model from the perspective of a single third party payer and multiple sensitivity analyses were performed. Patients were followed for a maximum of 5 years after ASD closure.

Results

Between l998 and 2005, we identified 718 adults (n = 335 transcatheter; n = 383 surgical) who underwent ASD closure in Quebec. The 5-year cost of surgical closure was $15,304 SD $4581 versus $11,060 SD $5169 for the transcatheter alternative. At 5 years, transcatheter closure was marginally more effective than surgery (4.683 SD 0.379 life-years versus 4.618 SD 0.638 life-years). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated that transcatheter ASD closure was a dominant strategy with an 80% probability of cost savings and equal or greater efficacy compared to surgical treatment.

Conclusion

Although definitive conclusions are limited given the observational nature of the primary data sources, transcatheter ASD closure appeared to be a cost-effective strategy associated with slightly improved clinical outcomes and reduced costs compared to surgical closure at 5-years follow-up.     

Percutaneous closure of a secundum atrial septal defect in elderly patients

Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common congenital defect that is initially diagnosed in adult and even in elderly patients. Modern transcatheter technology enables nonsurgical correction of this defect. Previously published studies describe clinical and hemodynamic aspects of ASDs in adults as well as the efficacy and safety of transcatheter ASD closure in this age group. The focus of attention in these studies was on elderly patients (>/= 60 years of age) who underwent transcatheter ASD closure. Elderly ASD patients frequently appeared with hemodynamic abnormalities (pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular failure, etc.) and concomitant pathology. There are limited published data available on the recommended management of ASD in elderly patients. Because of increasing longevity, this has become a persistent issue. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and outcome of percutaneous ASD closure in elderly patients (> 60 years of age).     

儿童房间隔缺损介入封堵术前后炎症反应的探讨

目的:探讨儿童房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵器植入前后炎症反应及ASD介入治疗的安全性。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法检测19例ASD患儿介入封堵术前后血浆白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)浓度,金标法测定C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度,同时对封堵器大小、介入时间、封堵器类型、性别等各项指标进行分组,比较术前、术后即刻、术后1d、术后1个月和3个月各时间点血浆IL-6、TNF-α和CRP浓度变化。结果:与术前比较,患儿血浆IL-6、TNF-α浓度均在术后即刻升高(均P<0.05),且均于术后3个月基本恢复至术前水平;而CRP浓度无明显变化。ASD封堵器直径≥10mm与<10mm、手术时间≥60min与<60min、两个不同公司生产的封堵器和性别之间分组比较,患儿各时间点血浆IL-6、TNF-α和CRP水平均差异无统计学意义。结论:儿童ASD介入封堵术后体内出现一过性炎症反应,具有自限性。儿童ASD介入封堵治疗安全、有效。     

Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect with a new self-expanding nitinol double disk device (Amplatzer device): experience in Nanjing

PURPOSE: Various devices have been developed for the transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD II) to avoid the morbidity, discomfort, and thoracotomy scar associated with surgical closure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Amplatzer septal occluder for transcatheter closure of ASD II. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Only patients who were clinically diagnosed with ASD II were selected. The anatomy of ASD had to meet certain echocardiographic criteria. Under the guidance of echocardiography and fluoroscopy, the implantation of the device was accomplished as recommended by the manufacturer. RESULTS: Thirty patients (median age 18.4 years) with an ASD II underwent transcatheter closure. Procedure time ranged from 30-200 minutes and fluoroscopy time from 10-50 minutes. The diameter of the ASD measured by echocardiography ranged from 13-25 mm, while both the stretched diameters of the ASDs and the sizes of the devices ranged from 18-34 mm. The successful placement rate was 100%. The residual shunt rate was 100% immediately after device implantation and 10% after 24 hours. After 3 months, 3.3% of the patients had a (trivial) residual shunt. The device did not affect the surrounding structures of ASD. No embolization of the device occurred. CONCLUSION: The Amplatzer device designed for the closure of ASD II can be implanted easily and also is retrievable. Due to a low ratio of residual shunt and few complications, this device is a good choice for transcatheter closure of ASD II. Long-term follow-up will be required for widespread clinical use.     

Role of "buttoned" double-disc device in the management of atrial septal defects.

Sixteen patients seen over a 9-month period ending in August 1990 were offered transcatheter closure of their ASD with a custom-made "buttoned" double-disc device. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and informed consent was obtained in each case. The device consists of an occluder, a counteroccluder, and a loading wire and is delivered to the ASD site via an 8F sheath. Parents of two children elected surgical closure. In five children the stretched diameter of the ASD was too large (greater than 20 mm) and transcatheter closure was not attempted. These seven children underwent elective surgical closure without incident. In one child the defect measured 5 mm and the Qp:Qs was 1.4:1 and therefore ASD closure was not recommended. In the remaining eight children transcatheter closure was attempted. In two of the children the occluder pulled through the ASD and was successfully retrieved and the children later underwent uneventful elective surgical closure. The device was implanted across the ASD in six children. In one child the device dislodged from the ASD site within minutes after implantation and the child was sent to emergency surgery, where the device was removed and the ASD was closed. In the remaining five patients, aged 7 months to 45 years (weight 3.6 to 50 kg), with a Qp:Qs range of 1.3 to 2.3 and a stretched diameter of 10 to 19 mm, the ASD closure was successful with 25 to 40 mm size devices. Repeat echo-Doppler studies 2 weeks and 3 months after the procedure in all patients and 6 months later in two children did not reveal any residual shunt. It is concluded that (1) the custom-made "buttoned" double-disc device can be implanted across the ASD safely and effectively via an 8F sheath, thus making transcatheter ASD closure feasible even in very young infants; (2) measurement of stretched diameter of the ASD in the catheterization laboratory is a useful guide for selection of an appropriate-sized device; and (3) additional clinical trials are warranted to confirm the efficacy and safety of the device.     

Iatrogenic cardiac arrhythmias following transcatheter or surgical closure of atrial septal defect in children

BACKGROUND: Invasive procedures involving the atria may promote the development of iatrogenic cardiac arrhythmias. AIM: To analyse the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias following transcatheter or cardiosurgical closure of the secundum type atrial septal defect (ASD). METHODS: The study group consisted of 91 patients, aged 2-18 years with haemodynamically significant ASD who underwent surgical (n=44) or transcatheter (Amplatzer occluder) (n=47) closure of ASD. Standard ECG and Holter ECG recordings, obtained before and after the procedure, were analysed. The follow-up duration ranged from 2.5 to 5.5 years. Cardiac arrhythmias were divided into benign or significant (requiring pharmacological therapy), early or late, and transient or permanent. RESULTS: Cardiac arrhythmias were detected in 16 (36%) patients who underwent surgery compared with 1 (2.1%) patient who underwent transcatheter ASD closure (p<0.05). In surgically treated patients, arrhythmias were benign in 9 patients, significant in 7 children, early in 15 subjects, late in one patient, transient in 13 children and permanent in 3 subjects. One patient, who underwent transcatheter ASD closure, developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia one day after the procedure, successfully terminated with verapamil. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter closure of ASD is associated with a lower risk of procedure-related arrhythmias than surgical treatment. However, longer follow-up in patients treated with transcatheter procedure is needed in order to draw definite conclusions.     

Left ventricular conditioning in the elderly patient to prevent congestive heart failure after transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect.

Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) is a safe and effective treatment. Over the past years, an increasing number of elderly patients (age > 60 years) have been admitted for transcatheter closure to prevent ongoing congestive heart failure from volume overload. However, recent data point to the risk of serious acute left ventricular dysfunction leading to pulmonary edema immediately after surgical or transcatheter ASD closure in some patients. In this study, we used a technique described before to recognize in advance patients at risk of left heart failure after ASD closure. Those patients at risk were then treated with preventive conditioning medication for 48-72 hr before definitive transcatheter ASD closure was performed. Fifty-nine patients aged over 60 years (range, 60-81.8 years; median, 68 years) were admitted to our institution for transcatheter closure of an atrial septal defect. All patients received evaluation of atrial pressures before and during temporary balloon occlusion of the ASD. Patients with left ventricular restriction due to increased mean atrial pressures (> 10 mm Hg) during ASD occlusion received anticongestive conditioning medication with i.v. dopamine, milrinone, and furosemide for 48-72 hr before definitive ASD closure with an Amplatzer septal occluder was performed. In 44 patients without any signs of left ventricular restriction, ASD closure was performed within the first session. Fifteen (25%) out of 59 patients showed left ventricular restriction. In the majority of patients with LV restriction, the mean left atrial pressures with occluded ASD were significantly decreased after 48-72 hr of conditioning medication. Definitive ASD closure was then performed in a second session. Only two patients received a fenestrated 32 mm Amplatzer occluder due to persistent increased atrial pressures > 10 mm Hg even after conditioning medication. There were no significant differences in shunt, device size, or defect size between the two groups. Balloon occlusion of atrial septal defects identifies patients with left ventricular restrictive physiology before ASD closure. Intravenous anticongestive conditioning medication seems to be highly effective in preventing congestive heart failure after interventional closure of an ASD in the elderly patient with a restrictive left ventricle.     

Improvements in cardiac form and function after transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects

OBJECTIVES: We set out to study the effect of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) on right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function assessed by myocardial performance index (MPI), as well as left atrial (LA) volumes. BACKGROUND: The hemodynamic response to the closure of ASD is well-documented in surgically treated patients. However, few studies have documented echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular function in patients undergoing transcatheter closure of ASDs. METHODS: Pre- and post-ASD device closure echocardiograms of 25 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. Measurements of RV and LV MPI and LA volumes were made. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients with an average age of 45.5 +/- 16.3 years underwent transcatheter closure of ASD. There was statistically significant improvement in RV MPI (0.35 to 0.28, p = 0.004), LV MPI (0.37 to 0.31, p = 0.04), and LA volume index (25.7 to 21.8 ml/m(2), p < 0.001) after closure of ASD. CONCLUSIONS: Device closure of ASDs leads to improvement of both RV and LV function as well as reduction in LA volume. These hemodynamic improvements provide insights into the symptomatic benefits gained in closure of ASDs using the transcatheter approach.     

国产封堵器闭合房间隔缺损过程中的短暂ST段抬高2例（英文）

目的国产房间隔封堵器闭合房间隔缺损的安全性和有效性已得到证实。我们报告在使用国产封堵器闭合房间隔缺损过程中出现的短暂ST段抬高现象2例。方法适合进行经皮封堵术的房间隔缺损患者35例,使用北京华医圣杰公司生产的房间隔封堵器进行封堵。术前经胸超声充分评估缺损的大小、位置、与周围结构的距离以及房间隔的软硬边缘等,选择封堵器要与缺损的伸展直径相匹配。手术过程在局部麻醉或者基础麻醉下进行,术中使用经胸超声引导。封堵器释放后有效闭合缺损、位置稳定且不影响周边结构视为手术成功。术后3,6,12月进行随访。结果在35例患者中有2例在封堵器释放过程中,出现短暂性ST段抬高超过2mV,伴有心绞痛发作。心电图改变和症状发作平均持续时间（4.2±2.2）min,2例心电图改变均发生于II,III和aVF导联,此过程伴有心率减慢和血压降低。静脉注射硝酸甘油后心电图和症状没有得到即刻改善,但封堵器沿鞘管被收回后心电图立即改善、症状逐渐消失。换用较小型号的封堵器闭合房间隔缺损后,没有引起任何血流动力学异常和短暂性心电图改变。随访3,6,12月没有发现心肌缺血和心绞痛发作。结论经导管闭合房间隔缺损过程中出现的短暂ST段抬高现象,可能与所选封堵器直径过大,刺激房间隔有关。     

Simultaneous percutaneous atrial septal defect closure and percutaneous coronary intervention.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility to perform both percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and atrial septal defect (ASD) transcatheter treatment during the same session. Transcatheter ASD closure is a well-established alternative to surgery and the treatment of choice for single vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) is accepted to be PCI. METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2005, 985 patients were referred to our center for ASD closure. One hundred thirty four patients (59 males, mean age 58 +/- 4 years, range 45-72 years) were included in a prospective protocol of ASD transcatheter closure and coronary angiography. RESULTS: In 7 patients we found a coronary artery disease. A combined single setting definitive percutaneous approach (ASD closure and PCI) was performed in 6 patients. The patient number 4 was judged unsuitable for PCI and then was referred for surgery. There was no acute intra-procedural complication in all patients; renal functions pre and post procedure showed no change despite the increase in the amount of contrast used. CONCLUSION: Our report showed the feasibility of both PCI and ASD transcatheter treatment during the same session.