64层螺旋CT血管成像在肺动脉栓塞中的诊断价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像在诊断肺动脉栓塞中的价值。方法:回顾性分析19例临床确诊为肺动脉栓塞的64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像资料,并用最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重组(MPR)、容积再现(VR)等方法显示肺动脉。结果:19例患者中,其中左右肺动脉栓塞有8支,叶肺动脉栓塞27支,段及亚段肺动脉栓塞56支。偏心型41支,闭塞型38支,中央型8支,附壁环形型4支。结论:64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像可作为肺动脉栓塞诊断的首选方法。     

256层CT肺动脉成像在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨256层CT肺动脉成像对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析19例临床确诊为肺动脉栓塞患者的256层螺旋CT肺动脉成像资料,并应用后处理技术如MIP,MPR、VR、CTVE等方法显示肺动脉,总结肺动脉栓塞的CT征象。结果 19例患者中,左右肺动脉干栓塞36支,叶肺动脉栓塞104支,段肺动脉栓塞162支,亚段肺动脉栓塞44支。中央型82支,偏心型103支,闭塞型110支,环形附壁型51支。结论 256层CT肺动脉成像能够方便、直观、清楚的显示肺动脉栓子,对诊断肺动脉栓塞有重要的价值;MPR、MIP、VR是显示肺动脉栓子的重要后处理方法。     

MSCT肺血管成像对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT肺血管成像对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值.方法:对24例肺动脉栓塞病例行多层螺旋CT肺动脉成像检查,图像采用1.0mm层厚、0.7mm层间距和0.75mm层厚、0.5mm层间距进行重建,CTPA后处理采用容积再现(VRT)、最大密度投影(MIP)和多平面重建(MPR),对重建的图像进行对照分析、比较优缺点.结果:24例病例中,病变共累及76支肺动脉,其中,主肺动脉6支、肺叶动脉36支、肺段动脉27支、亚段动脉7支.肺动脉栓塞病变显示,1.0mm及0.75mm层厚重建无显著性差异意义.结论:多层螺旋CT肺动脉成像具有安全、快速、无创优点,对肺动脉栓塞诊断特异性强、敏感性高,可作为肺动脉栓塞的首选检查方法.     

256层螺旋CT血管成像对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值与临床应用

目的 探讨256层螺旋成像对肺动脉栓塞(PE)的诊断价值与临床应用.方法 分析80例临床拟诊肺动脉栓塞患者的256层螺旋CT肺A血管成像检查,实施后处理技术进行检查,比如贵患者的胸部进行最大密度投影(MIP)、对于造影结果 进行多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、再对结果 进行整理,实施容积再现(VR)与仿真内窥镜(VE).对患者CT检查资料进行有效分析,结果 通过检查的80例患者中,5确诊是肺动脉栓塞的患者有50例,检出栓子数295处,肺动脉处1例,左右肺动脉主干17处,肺叶肺动脉88处,肺段动脉200处,亚段肺动脉33处.结论 256层螺旋CT血管成像对肺动脉栓塞(PE)的诊断准确可靠,是无创性快速诊断肺动脉栓塞(PE)的首选方法 ,为临床提供可靠的信息.     

64排螺旋CT肺动脉成像对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT肺动脉成像对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析18例临床确诊为肺动脉栓塞的CT肺动脉成像资料,所有病例均行64排螺旋CT肺动脉成像,并用最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重建(MPR)、容积显示(VR)等方法不同角度显示肺动脉.结果 18例肺动脉栓塞中中央肺动脉(主肺动脉及左、右肺动脉)合并肺叶及肺段动脉栓塞2例,肺叶及肺段动脉栓塞13例,段及亚段肺动脉栓塞3例.检出的最大肺动脉血栓直径为29.4 mm,最小栓子直径为1.8 mm.结论 64排螺旋CT肺动脉成像是一种无创性成像方法,在肺动脉栓塞的诊断及治疗中发挥着重要作用.     

320层CT动态容积扫描对烟雾病侧支循环的评价

目的 探讨320层CT动态容积扫描技术在烟雾病侧支循环诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集23例经临床、影像综合诊断为烟雾病患者的320层CT扫描图像,并结合病史、DSA检查等进行回顾性分析.结果 23例烟雾病患者320层CT动态容积扫描时表现为单侧或双侧颈内动脉颅内段及大脑前、中动脉狭窄或闭塞,颅底动脉环处见细小、杂乱、迂曲代偿血管网.烟雾病侧支循环途径包括willis环(6例)、眼动脉(4例)、颅底烟雾动脉(23例)、软脑膜吻合动脉(4例)、颈外动脉分支(9例)等.结论 320层CT动态容积扫描技术能显示烟雾病患者侧支循环情况,特别能良好显示来源于颈外动脉的侧支循环,具有肯定的临床应用价值.     

双源CT肺动脉成像在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨双源CT肺动脉成像对肺动脉栓塞(PE)的诊断价值.方法:对58例临床拟诊为PE的患者行双源CT肺动脉成像,总结PE的直接、间接征象及分型,并比较MPR、MIP、VR和CTVE对肺动脉栓子的显示效果.结果:直接征象:58例中45例诊断为PE,共发现栓子 658支(中心型170支,偏心型208支,附壁型74支,完...     

多层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用价值

目的 研究多层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的临床应用，着重研究亚段肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法 共34例，下肢深静脉血栓16例，近期大手术史11例，肺癌1例，不明原因6例。34例均使用GE Light Speed Plus多层螺旋CT(MSCT)行平扫及造影增强扫描，1次采集4层图像。结果 分析34例共1824支肺动脉分支，其中507支肺动脉分支显示了栓塞，占27．8％。在680支肺段动脉中，246支显示了栓塞，占36．2％；而亚段肺动脉1041支中，141支显示了栓塞，占13．5％。平扫肺动脉栓塞的间接征象为肺纹理稀少19例，肺动脉高压2例，胸水16例，胸膜下梗死灶共41个，梗死灶多发11例，单发12例，双肺6例。1例慢性栓塞栓子钙化，极为少见。造影增强后肺动脉栓塞的直接征象为不同程度的肺动脉分支充盈缺损。充盈缺损有4种表现形式：中心型57支，偏心型160支，附壁血栓131支，完全阻塞型159支。结论 多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影是诊断肺动脉栓塞的快速、有效、无创伤的诊断方法，尤其对亚段肺动脉栓塞是一种先进的方法，可以代替肺动脉造影，可与电子束CT媲美，可能成为诊断肺动脉栓塞的首选方法。     

螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的价值

目的:评价螺旋CT在诊断肺动脉栓塞中的作用。方法:16例肺动脉栓塞患者行螺旋CT肺动脉造影 (SCTA)检查,层厚3mm,扫描时间0.8s,对比剂注射速度3.5ml/s,总量100ml,扫描延迟时间15s。结果:16例 共644支,其中134支肺动脉及分支显示了栓塞,占20.8%。228支肺段肺动脉中,有56支显示肺动脉栓塞,占分 析肺动脉支的24.5%。204支亚段肺动脉中37支显示肺动脉栓塞,占分析肺动脉支15.4%。肺动脉栓塞的CT形 态:①直接征象为不同程度的肺动脉分支内充盈缺损。中心型充盈缺损17支,偏心型充盈缺损44支,附壁血栓型 34支,完全阻塞型39支。②间接征象胸膜下肺梗死灶,内乳动脉一侧增粗,肺纹理稀少,胸水,肺动脉高压。结论: 螺旋CT肺动脉造影是诊断肺动脉栓塞的快速、有效、无创伤的诊断方法。     

16排螺旋CT肺动脉造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用

目的 探讨16排螺旋CT肺动脉造影(16-SCTPA)在诊断肺动脉栓塞(PE)中的价值.方法 对临床拟诊PE的13例病人行CT平扫和增强扫描,并通过多平面薄层重建(MPP)、最大密度投影(MIP)等图像后处理技术进行肺动脉成像(CTPA),并分析其表现.结果 13例中,16-SCTPA共显示肺动脉栓塞58支,其中发生在肺动脉主干3支、叶动脉18支、段动脉22支、亚段及亚亚段肺动脉15支.11例有多支肺动脉栓塞,2例仪单支栓塞.58支中,中央型29支,偏心型17支,闭塞型12支.结论 16-SCTPA可清晰显示亚亚段以上的肺动脉及其腔内栓子的部位和形态;同时具有快速、无创、准确性高的特点,可作为诊断PE的首选方法.     

16层螺旋CT与核素肺灌注/通气显像对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值

目的　探讨 16层螺旋CT与核素肺灌注 /通气显像对急性肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法　回顾 3 2例临床确诊的肺动脉栓塞病人的影像资料 (螺旋CT平扫加增强扫描 ,核素肺灌注 /通气显像扫描 ) ,进行对比分析。结果　螺旋CT增强检查的病变检出率为 90 .6% ,段级肺动脉栓塞受累率为 43 .2 % ,核素肺灌注 /通气显像检查病变检出率为 84.4% ,肺段栓塞受累率为 3 6.8%。结论　螺旋CT增强检查是观察肺动脉栓塞直接征象的理想方法 ,与核素肺显像相结合 ,更能全面分析病情。     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CT pulmonary angiography,CTPA)对肺动脉栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析24例肺动脉栓塞患者的64层螺旋CT增强图像,将原始图像复制到EBW4.0工作站,对肺动脉主干及分支进行多平面重建(MPR),最大密度投影(MIP)及容积重建(VR)分析.结果 24例患者中,共检出了76处肺动脉及其分支的栓子.其中,左、右肺动脉主干14处(右主干10处、左主干4处),肺叶动脉24处,肺段动脉26处,亚肺段动脉12处.CT表现为肺动脉主干或分支内混合性、附壁性、中心性充盈缺损,可分为完全性或部分性.结论 64层CTPA具有准确、高效、无创等优点,可直观、立体地观察到肺动脉血栓的大小、分布、范围及类型,是临床诊断及观察疗效的首选方法,有望成为肺动脉栓塞检查的“金标准”.     

双能量CT肺灌注成像的定量参数诊断肺栓塞的临床应用价值

目的探讨双能量CT肺灌注成像(DEPI)的定量参数诊断肺栓塞的临床应用价值。方法选取40例疑似肺栓塞行双能量CT扫描并行CTPA及DEPI重建的患者影像资料,以肺段为评价单位,分析PE栓子的部位、栓塞程度以及肺灌注情况,测量感兴趣区的平均CT值及碘含量值与正常灌注区的比值,并进行统计学分析。结果40例患者分为非栓塞组13例,栓塞组24例,其他3例;栓塞组无栓塞肺段(201个)与非栓塞组肺段(200个)的平均CT值比值(t=-1.81,P>0.05)、碘含量比值(t=-1.541,P>0.05)差异无统计学意义;栓塞组栓塞肺段(204个)与无栓塞肺段(201个)的平均CT值比值(t=34.77,P<0.01)、碘含量比值(t=32.07,P<0.01)差异有统计学意义;栓塞组完全栓塞肺段(83个)与部分栓塞肺段(121个)的平均CT值比值(t=-17.54,P<0.01)、碘含量比值(t=-16.27,P<0.01)差异有统计学意义。ROC曲线分析显示DEPI定量参数对肺栓塞具有良好的诊断效能,平均CT值及碘含量值<40.65 HU、1.75 mg/ml临界值时,诊断PE的敏感度分别为96.0%、92.0%,特异度分别为88.6%、90.0%。结论DEPI定量参数能够作为诊断PE的有效指标,具有较高的敏感度和特异度,对PE治疗前后的评估提供更加全面、客观的依据。     

Helical CT as preferred imaging modality in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism]

PURPOSE: We investigated the role of Helical Computed Tomography (CT) as primary screening imaging modality in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolic disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT examinations, resulted positive for pulmonary embolism, performed in 134 patients (69 men and 65 women, ranging in age 23-83 years) from June 1998 to June 1999. CT was performed with a helical unit (thickness 3 mm, reconstruction interval 2 mm, pitch 1.5) after intravenous contrast agent (120 mL) rapid infusion (4 mL/s, 15s acquisition delay from bolus starting) and using a power injector. The spiral acquisition was performed from the apex of the pulmonary trunk to the diaphragm. Pulmonary embolism was considered as complete when a filling defect was present in a main pulmonary artery, as moderate when a filling defect was observed in an interlobar pulmonary artery and as very small when a filling defect was identified in a segmental pulmonary artery. RESULTS: Helical CT allowed us to identify the presence of a filling defect in the main pulmonary artery in 60.4% of cases (complete pulmonary embolism), in an interlobar pulmonary artery in 27.6% of cases (moderate pulmonary embolism) and in a segmental pulmonary artery in 11.9% of cases (very small pulmonary embolism). At helical CT study, pulmonary embolus was identified as complete filling defect (92.5% of cases), thromboembolic mass floating freely in the lumen (28.3%) and partial filling defect (19.4%). Pleural effusion and pulmonary infarction were associated in 46.2% and 20.1% respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary embolic disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The clinical diagnosis of pulmonary embolism remains an important challenge: among the different imaging modalities, contrast-enhanced helical CT can be used as primary screening imaging modality in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, allowing us to detect the presence of pulmonary embolus in the main, lobar and segmental artery, as demonstrated in our experience.     

320层CT心电门控双期心脏功能扫描一站式检查的初步研究

目的 初步探讨应用320层CT心电门控双期心功能扫描模式(DPCFA)一站式评价心脏、冠状动脉、肺动脉形态及左、右心室功能的能力.方法 回顾性分析40例经临床确诊患者的320层CT DPCFA扫描数据,分别以肺动脉期重建并观察肺动脉分支,以主动脉期重建并观察冠状动脉.分别以两期数据进行MPR重组并分析左、右心室功能,结果与超声心动图相对照.5例因图像质量欠佳排除组外,35例图像质量达到2级以上,可用作诊断,扫描平均心率(71.2±11.2)次/min,全部患者扫描期间未出现心律失常.应用Pearson检验进行相关性分析,应用配对t检验分析二者测量左心室射血分数(LVEF)的一致性.结果 (1)35例最终入组患者中,诊断单发肺动脉栓塞l1例,冠心病支架术后7例,单发冠心病5例,先天性心脏病房间隔缺损3例,特发性肺动脉高压3例,左房黏液瘤l例,肺动脉栓塞合并冠心病5例,全部符合临床诊断.(2)CT与超声心动图对照,35例患者的左、右心室舒张末期最大径分别为(36.7±3.3)、(43.3±3.4)mm,左、右心室收缩末期最大径分别为(31.6 ±5.1)、(41.3±5.1)mm,LVEF为47.1±15.1.超声心动图测得左、右心室舒张末期最大径分别为(40.3±3.1)、(47.3±4.2)mm,左、右心室收缩末期最大径分别为(37.3±5.6)、(45.3±3.3)mm,LVEF为46.0±14.8.CT与超声测量结果有显著的相关性(r=0.886～0.988,P值均＜0.01),LVEF的测量结果差异无统计学意义(t=0.692,P＞0.05).(3)应用DPCFA技术,平均射线剂量(5.4 ±0.5)mSv.结论 320层CT心电门控双期心功能扫描模式,可以用于心血管疾病一站式影像检查,可为临床心血管疾病的诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗方案的确定提供丰富的影像学信息,对左、右心功能不全相关临床问题的处理具有指导作用.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the feasibility of evaluating cardiac structure, coronary artery,pulmonary artery and cardiac function in one single scan by 320-row CT ECG-gated double phase cardiac function scan mode. MethodsForty patients underwent the 320-detector row CT double phase cardiovascular angiography. The pulmonary phase and aortic phase were reconstructed in order to evaluate the pulmonary and coronary artery. MPR reconstructions of both pulmonary and aortic phase were used to analyze the function of the two ventricles. And the results of the cardiac function were compared with those of transthoracic echocardiography. Thirty-five cases could be analyzed and diagnosed, while the other 5 cases had to be given up because of the poor imaging quality. The mean heart rate was (71.2 ± 11.2) beat per min (bpm). No arrhythmia case included. Results ( 1 ) Pulmonary embolism were diagnosed in 11 cases,coronary artery disease (CAD) were found in 5 cases, while post-stent implantation were observed in 7 cases. Six cases of congenital heart disease were diagnosed with 3 ASD and 3 primary pulmonary hypertension. Another one was diagnosed with left atrial myxoma, and 5 cases were pulmonary embolism associated with CAD. All of above cases were verified by final clinical diagnosis. (2) The heart function parameters including LVEDd , RVEDd, LVESd, RVESd and LVEF were (36.7 ±3.3), (43.3 ± 3.4) mm,(31.6±5.1), (41.3 ±5.1) mm and (47.1 ±15.1) for CT, while those were (40.3 ±3.1), (47.3 ±4.2) mm,(37.3 ±5.6), (45.3 ±3.3) mm,and (46.0 ± 14.8) for ultrasound, respectively. The CT results were correlated with the ultrasound ( n = 35, r = 0.886-0.988, P ＜ 0.01 ). (3) The average radiation exposure was ( 5.4 ± 0.5 ) mSv. Conclusions 320-row CT ECG-gated double phase cardiac function scan mode is feasible for the "one-stop-shop" examination of the cardiovascular disease. This noninvasive method is recommended for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cardiovascular disease.     

Multislice CT Virtual Intravascular Endoscopy for Assessing Pulmonary Embolisms: a Pictorial Review

Multislice CT has been widely used in clinical practice for diagnosing cardiovascular disease due to its reduced invasiveness and its high spatial and temporal resolution. As a reliable alternative to conventional pulmonary angiography, multislice CT angiography has been recognized as the first line technique for detecting and diagnosing pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism located in the main pulmonary artery, as well as being located in the segmental branches, can be accurately detected with multislice CT imaging, and especially with the use of 16- and 64-slice CT scanners. Visualization of pulmonary embolisms has traditionally been limited to 2D, multiplanar reformation and the 3D external surface visualizations. In this pictorial review, we present our experience of using 3D virtual intravascular endoscopy to characterize and evaluate the intraluminal appearance of pulmonary embolisms in a group of patients who were suspected of having pulmonary embolism and who were undergoing multislice CT angiography. We expect that the research findings from this study will provide insight into the extent of disease and the luminal changes to the pulmonary arteries that are due to the presence of thrombus, and so monitoring of the progress of disease and predicting the treatment outcome can well be achieved.     

64层螺旋CT肺血管造影在肺栓塞诊疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT在肺栓塞诊断及治疗中的指导作用。方法 63例患者均行64层螺旋CT肺血管造影(CTPA),并进行多种形式的图像重建结合轴位图像分析。结果 64层螺旋CTPA对63例患者肺动脉各级管腔内的栓子均明确显示,共累及肺动脉303支;图像分析结果伞部显示肺栓塞的直接征象为:主肺动脉和(或)左右肺叶、段、亚段血管腔内充盈缺损和血管阻塞;部分显示肺栓塞的间接征象为:马赛克征、右心房及右心室肥厚及扩张、肺动脉扩张、胸腔积液、肺不张及实变(肺梗死)等。62例患者经溶栓治疗后复查CTPA,其中,栓子完全消失者47例,栓子明显缩小者11例,溶栓治疗效果差者3例,考虑为慢性肺栓塞。结论 64层螺旋CTPA是临床最有效的诊断肺栓塞及溶栓后疗效评价的无创性方法之一。     

64层螺旋CT肺血管造影在肺栓塞诊疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT在肺栓塞诊断及治疗中的指导作用.方法 63例患者均行64层螺旋CT肺血管造影(CTPA),并进行多种形式的图像重建结合轴位图像分析.结果 64层螺旋CTPA对63例患者肺动脉各级管腔内的栓子均明确显示,共累及肺动脉303支;图像分析结果伞部显示肺栓塞的直接征象为:主肺动脉和(或)左右肺叶、段、亚段血管腔内充盈缺损和血管阻塞;部分显示肺栓塞的间接征象为:马赛克征、右心房及右心室肥厚及扩张、肺动脉扩张、胸腔积液、肺不张及实变(肺梗死)等.62例患者经溶栓治疗后复查CTPA,其中,栓子完全消失者47例,栓子明显缩小者11例,溶栓治疗效果差者3例,考虑为慢性肺栓塞.结论 64层螺旋CTPA是临床最有效的诊断肺栓塞及溶栓后疗效评价的无创性方法之一.     

16层CT血管造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨16层CT肺动脉造影对肺动脉栓塞(PE)的诊断价值.方法 对24例PE患者行16层CT血管造影检查,采用多平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)多种图像后处理技术,并结合轴位图像进行综合分析.结果 24例均能显示肺动脉栓塞的部位、范围、局部管腔狭窄程度,19例急性肺动脉栓塞的直接征象为“截断征”、“双轨征”;5例慢性肺动脉栓塞主要表现为肺动脉管腔内偏心性、附壁性的充盈缺损.结论 16层CT血管造影是诊断肺动脉栓塞及其溶栓疗效评价和随访最有效的无创性检查方法之一.