吲哚美辛-泊洛沙姆188固体分散体的制备

目的制备吲哚美辛-泊洛沙姆188固体分散体,提高吲哚美辛的溶出度。方法以泊洛沙姆188为载体,采用溶剂-熔融法制备固体分散体。用差示热分析(DTA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察药物在载体中的存在状态,并进行体外溶出度研究。结果吲哚美辛以微晶或无定形分散在载体中,药物的溶出度随载体比例增加而增加。结论制备的固体分散体吲哚美辛的溶出度和溶出速率显著提高。     

白藜芦醇-泊洛沙姆188固体分散体的制备及其性能研究

目的:制备白藜芦醇-泊洛沙姆188固体分散体(RES-P188-SD),并对其体外溶出特性及抑菌性进行研究。方法:以P188为载体,采用溶剂法制备RES-P188-SD。以药物与载体质量比、熔融温度、筛孔目数为考察因素,以RES溶解度与收率为考察指标,设计L9(34)正交试验优选其制备工艺。以考察指标的综合评分进行结果分析,并进行验证试验。根据最优工艺制备RES-P188-SD后采用篮法测定其溶出度并计算累积溶出度,扫描电镜法分析物相表征,管碟法测定其抑菌性。结果:最优工艺为药物与载体质量比1∶10,熔融温度70℃,筛孔目数80目。按最优工艺所制样品的平均溶解度为0.51 mg/ml(RSD=1.96%,n=3),平均收率为91%(RSD=0.64%,n=3),15 min的平均累积溶出度即达83%(RSD=0.69%,n=3);其药物以非晶形式均匀分散在载体中;RES-P188-SD对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌均有抑制作用。结论:优选工艺稳定、可行。成功制得RES-P188-SD,可为提高RES的溶解度、溶出速率及抑菌性提供依据。     

盐酸小檗碱泊洛沙姆188固体分散体的制备

目的:制备盐酸小檗碱泊洛沙姆188固体分散体。方法:采用熔融法制备固体分散体,考察药物和载体的比例、熔融温度、冷却温度对溶出率的影响,比较固体分散体和物理混合物的溶出率的区别。结果:药物和载体比例达到1∶1时,载体的量足够使药物分散均匀;熔融温度对溶出率影响不大;冷却温度对溶出率影响较大,0℃时溶出率最快。与物理混合物相比,固体分散体将盐酸小檗碱的溶出率提高了近1倍。结论:盐酸小檗碱泊洛沙姆188固体分散体提高了盐酸小檗碱的体外溶出率。     

淫羊藿素-泊洛沙姆188固体分散体的制备及溶出度研究

目的:制备淫羊藿素-泊洛沙姆188固体分散体以提高淫羊藿素的溶出度。方法:以泊洛沙姆188为载体,采用熔融法制备固体分散体。通过体外溶出度比较,考察了载体泊洛沙姆188的用量(淫羊藿素-泊洛沙姆188质量之比为5∶1、3∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶3、1∶5、1∶7、1∶9、1∶11、1∶13、1∶15、1∶17、1∶19、1∶27、1∶31)、熔融温度(60、70、80℃)、冷却温度(-20、0、20℃)对固体分散体中淫羊藿溶出度的影响;同时比较了淫羊藿素原料药及其物理混合物、固体分散体的体外溶出度以证实固体分散体的形成。结果:所制固体分散体的淫羊藿素溶出度在一定程度上随载体比例增加而增加,当淫羊藿素与载体之比为1∶17~1∶27时淫羊藿素在120min时的溶出度均在90%以上;熔融温度、冷却温度经综合分析后分别确定为60、0℃;在溶出30 min时,固体分散体的溶出度是物理混合物的1.5倍。结论:制备的固体分散体显著提高了淫羊藿素的溶出度。     

阿托伐他汀钙泊洛沙姆188固体分散体的制备及表征

目的:制备阿托伐他汀钙泊洛沙姆188(AC-P188)固体分散体,并对其进行表征。方法:以P188和聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)为载体材料,采用溶剂挥发法制备AC-P188固体分散体,以载药率、水中溶解度、体外累积释放度为指标,采用单因素试验筛选处方中P188、PEG6000用量;利用差示扫描量热(DSC)法、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)仪考察所制固体分散体中的晶型变化。结果:处方为0.5 g AC,4 g P188,4 g PEG6000;所制AC-P188固体分散体的载药率为89.97%,水中溶解度为1.57 mg/ml,体外累积释放度为92.69%;表征结果显示,AC可能以分子或无定形态均匀分散于载体中,AC与载体材料之间可能以氢键形式缔合。结论:成功制得AC-P188固体分散体,为提高阿托伐他汀钙的溶出和生物利用度提供了一定的理论基础。     

尼莫地平与泊洛沙姆固体分散体的制备及其体外溶出度

采用熔融法制备尼莫地平（１）与泊洛沙姆（２）固体分散体，并测定其体外溶出度，结果均高于１原药。１与２不同比例（１∶１、１∶２、１∶３、１∶５、１∶１０）的固体分散体４５ｍｉｎ时的溶出度分别是原药的６．８、７．３、７．６、８．５、９．８倍。ＤＳＣ测定结果表明，１－２固体分散体的ＤＳＣ曲线中１原药的熔点峰消失。     

泊洛沙姆固体分散体对穿心莲内酯溶出特性的影响

目的:考察泊洛沙姆固体分散体对难溶性药物穿心莲内酯体外溶出特性的影响。方法:以泊洛沙姆为载体材料,采用熔融法制备不同比例的穿心莲内酯-泊洛沙姆固体分散体,并考察其体外溶出特性。通过红外光谱和X射线衍射图谱研究药物在固体分散体的存在状态。结果:与穿心莲内酯空白药物相比,穿心莲内酯固体分散体在蒸馏水、pH1.2盐酸溶液与pH6.8磷酸盐缓冲液中溶出速率明显提高,载药固体分散体15min时累积释药量是穿心莲内酯空白药物的3.6倍;穿心莲内酯以微晶态高度分散于载体材料中。结论:以泊洛沙姆188为载体制备穿心莲内酯固体分散体,能有效提高难溶性药物的溶出速率。     

以泊洛沙姆188或聚乙二醇8000为载体制备槲皮素晶体分散体系的表征及体外溶出行为研究

目的 制备不同高分子材料的槲皮素（QUR）结晶固体分散体（QUR-CSD）,探讨高分子材料对QUR-CSD体外溶出行为的影响及其可能的分子机制。方法 分别以泊洛沙姆188（P188）或聚乙二醇8000（PEG8000）为载体,QUR为模型药物,采用旋转蒸发法制备2种QUR-CSD（CSD-P188-QUR、CSD-PEG-QUR）。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察样品的微观结构;粉末X-射线衍射法（PXRD）观察晶体学特性;差示扫描量热法（DSC）测定起始熔融温度（T_c,onset）;通过粉末溶出、本征溶出、片剂pH转换溶出实验考察体外溶出行为。结果 CSD表征结果显示,2种QUR-CSD中QUR均以结晶态存在,晶体粒径、晶畴尺寸和结晶度均较原料药有所减小,且以P188为载体的CSD对药物上述性质的影响更明显。3种不同的体外溶出实验结果均显示CSD-P188-QUR溶出行为最佳,其次是CSD-PEG-QUR,QUR最差。结论 2种高分子材料均可通过影响CSD中QUR的微观结构来改善其体外溶出行为,且以P188为载体的CSD对药物微观结构的影响更为显著。     

长春西汀固体分散体的制备及体外溶出特性

目的:制备长春西汀固体分散体,提高其溶出速度和程度。方法:以泊洛沙姆188(F68)为载体,用溶剂-熔融法制备固体分散体;差热分析、X-射线粉末衍射分析以鉴别药物在载体中的存在状态;并考察载体的用量、溶出介质和转速对药物体外溶出特性的影响。结果:长春西汀的固体分散体中药物部分以分子状态分散,部分以微晶分散。固体分散体VIN-F68(1∶6,w/w)的溶出参数t50t、d与相应物理混合物、原料药粉末和市售片剂间差异存在显著性(P<0.01),溶出介质和转速的选择对药物的溶出有一定影响。结论:长春西汀的固体分散体能显著提高药物的溶出速度和程度。     

艾地苯醌固体分散体的制备及体外溶出度研究

目的:制备艾地苯醌固体分散体,并考察其体外溶出度。方法:以泊洛沙姆407(P407)为载体,单因素考察不同制备方法(熔融法和溶剂法)和不同药载比(1∶1、1∶3、1∶8)对药物溶出度的影响,并采用差式扫描量热(DSC)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)鉴别药物在固体分散体中的存在状态。结果:以溶剂法制备的药载比为1∶3的艾地苯醌固体分散体,其体外溶出度约为80%。艾地苯醌在固体分散中主要以无定型或分子状态存在。结论:成功制得体外溶出度较高的艾地苯醌固体分散体。     

Physicochemical investigation of the solid dispersion systems of etoricoxib with poloxamer 188

Solid dispersion systems of a poorly water-soluble drug, etoricoxib were prepared with poloxamer 188 in 1:0.5, 1:1.5 and 1:2.5 ratios and evaluated by FTIR, powder XRD and dissolution studies. Physical studies demonstrated a strong hydrogen bonding with significant decrease in the crystallinity and formation of amorphous etoricoxib in its binary systems. All binary systems of etoricoxib showed faster dissolution than pure drug alone (P?<?0.001). However, 1:2.5 proportion of etoricoxib: poloxamer 188 showed superior performance (DE₄₅: 71.27%?±?3.85) in enhancing solubility and dissolution rate of etoricoxib suggesting optimum ratio of the carrier.     

依托泊苷固体分散体的制备及体外研究

目的 制备依托泊苷固体分散体，改善依托泊苷的溶出度。方法 应用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVPK30）和聚乙二醇（PEG6000）为载体，以溶剂法制备固体分散体。采用正交实验设计考察制备固体分散体的最佳工艺条件，并对所得样品进行体外溶出度研究，以X线衍射、DSC-量热分析进行物相鉴定。结果 依托泊苷在载体PVPK30和PEG6000中结晶消失。药物的溶出速度随载体比例增加而增加。结论 采用PVPK30和PEG6000所制依托泊苷固体分散体能显著提高药物的体外溶出度，药物以无定形状态或分子态存在于载体中。     

Preparation and characterization of solid dispersions of Quercetin with PEG4000

Objective To enhance the solubility,quicken the speed of digesting and absorption,and increase the bioavailability of quercetin(3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone).Methods A series of Quercetin-PEG4000 solid dispersions were prepared by fusion method.The configuration and property of solid dispersion were characterized by solubility tests,dissolution tests,FTIR spectra,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and microphotograph.Results 1.According to solubility tests the the mass ratio of quercetin to PEG4000 affected strongly on the solubility of solid dispersions,on the whole,the relation of the solubility of solid dispersions to the mass ratio presented linear relationship.The preparation temperature had little effect on the solubility of solid dispersions.The surface-active agent,polysorbate80 increased strongly the solubility of solid dispersions.2.According to the dissolution tests,the mass ratio of quercetin to PEG4000 affected strongly on the dissolution of solid dispersions,the preparation temperature had little effect on the dissolution of solid dispersions.The surface-active agent,polysorbate80 increased strongly the dissolution of solid dispersions,and after addition polysorbate80,the dissolution of solid dispersions was two times of the dissolution of solid dispersions without polysorbate80.3.According to the DSC results,except that a little of quercetin molecular existed as crystalline state in the solid dispersion with the mass ratio was qu:PEG=1:2,quercetin existed as amorphous phase in other mass ratio solid dispersion.4.According to the FTIR spectra and microphotograph results,the relation of quercetin and PEG4000 was mainly physical mixing in quercetin-PEG4000 solid dispersion.Quercetin was just like solute in solution,and PEG4000 was just like solvent in solution.The force between quercetin and PEG4000 was mainly hydrogen bonding,so the biological activity of quercetin would not be influenced greatly after the formation solid dispersion.Conclusions These results suggest that quercetin existed mainly as amorphous phase in solid dispersion;the solubility and the dissolution in water were increased obviously after formation the solid dispersion.     

依托泊苷固体分散体的溶出与大鼠在体肠吸收研究

目的:制备依托泊苷(VP-16)固体分散体,对其在大鼠小肠各部位的吸收进行研究,以期提高口服生物利用度.方法:采用溶剂-熔融法制备VP-16-硬脂酸聚氧烃酯(S-40)或泊洛沙姆188(F68)固体分散体,按中华人民共和国药典2005年版溶出度第二法测定VP-16固体分散体的溶出,以差示扫描量热法(DSC)法和X-射线衍射法鉴定VP-16在体系中的状态,运用大鼠在体肠循环模型,采用HPLC法测定药物浓度,考察药物的吸收.结果:固体分散体中VP-16的溶出比原料药和物理混合物均有显著提高,随着载体质量比增加而增大.DSC图谱显示VP-16的特征峰消失,X-射线衍射图谱显示VP-16的结晶衍射峰消失,药物以无定形或分子状态分散在固体分散体中.VP-16在小肠上半段吸收较好,当载体对药物质量比≥3时,固体分散体在空肠段吸收有显著增加,且VP-16/S-40固体分散体的吸收比VP-16/F68固体分散体的吸收好.结论:S-40和F68两种表面活性剂均能显著提高VP-16的溶出度,并对VP-16在大鼠小肠的吸收有明显促进作用,S-40的吸收促进作用显著大于F68.     

Enhancement of dissolution rate of rofecoxib using solid dispersions with urea

The aim of this study was to enhance the dissolution rate of rofecoxib using solid dispersions (SDs) with urea. In preliminary studies, the solubility behavior of rofecoxib in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐4000, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30, mannitol, and urea in water was obtained at 37°C to choose an effective carrier for preparing its SDs. A systematic increase in the solubility behavior of rofecoxib was observed with increasing concentrations of these carriers in water except mannitol. The Gibbs free energy (ΔG) values were negative indicating the spontaneous nature of rofecoxib solubilization, and it decreased with increases in concentration, demonstrating that the reaction became more favorable as the concentration of these carriers increased. Since, urea exhibited higher solubilizing power than the other carriers, SDs of rofecoxib with urea were prepared at 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, and 1:10 (rofecoxib:urea) ratios by the fusion method. Evaluation of the properties of the SDs was performed using dissolution studies, fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dissolution rate of rofecoxib was enhanced rapid by its SDs with urea and increased with increasing concentrations of urea in SDs. The mean dissolution time (MDT) of rofecoxib decreased after preparation of SDs and physical mixtures with urea. FTIR spectroscopic studies showed the stability of rofecoxib and the absence of a well‐defined rofecoxib‐urea interaction. DSC and XRD studies confirmed the amorphous state of rofecoxib in SDs of rofecoxib with urea. SEM pictures showed the formation of effective SDs of rofecoxib with urea since well‐defined changes in the surface nature of rofecoxib, SDs, and physical mixture were observed. Drug Dev Res 63:181–189, (2004). © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

泊洛沙姆188修饰的蜂毒素脂质体在大鼠体内的药动学

目的:考察泊洛沙姆188(poloxamer188)修饰的蜂毒素脂质体在大鼠体内的药动学。方法:大鼠尾静脉分别注射蜂毒素溶液(MLT-I)、2%及5%Poloxamer188修饰的蜂毒素脂质体(MLT-LIPO-2%和MLT-LIPO-5%),采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法测定大鼠体内的蜂毒素。结果:采用Kinetica4.4统计软件,经统计矩拟合后,与MLT-I相比,MLT-LIPO-2%和MLT-LIPO-5%在大鼠体内的药动学行为发生显著变化,清除率(CL)分别为溶液组的48.3%及33.2%;血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)分别为溶液组的2.01倍及2.82倍;平均滞留时间(MRT)分别为溶液组的1.80倍及2.18倍。结论:经poloxamer188修饰后的脂质体显著延长了药物在大鼠体内的驻留时间,提高了药物的生物利用度,且与膜修饰剂的用量有一定的正相关性。     

非洛地平固体分散体的制备和体外溶出度考察

目的应用固体分散技术,提高非洛地平的体外溶出度。方法以PVPK30、Lutrol F68、Tween80(与吸附剂,如PVPP)为载体,分别采用溶剂法、熔融法、溶剂蒸发-沉积等技术制备非洛地平固体分散体,考察不同载体对固体分散体溶出度的影响。并着重考察以Tween 80为增溶剂,不同种类吸附剂为载体对固体分散体外观、溶出度的影响。应用差示热分析和X射线衍射鉴别药物在载体中的存在状态。结果采用不同载体和方法制备的非洛地平固体分散体均能明显促进药物的溶出,溶出速度依次为Tween 80>Lutrol F68>PVPk30。其中m(药物)∶m(Tween 80)∶m(PVPP)=1∶4∶5时,溶出速度最快,1 h累积释放率达90%以上。差示热分析固体分散体中药物吸热峰前移或消失,X射线衍射固体分散体中药物的结晶衍射峰消失,推测药物在载体中以无定形或分子形式存在。结论制备非洛地平固体分散体可以提高其体外溶出度,尤其是含有表面活性剂的固体分散体可进一步提高药物的溶出。     

Effect of poloxamer 188 on lymphatic uptake of carvedilol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for bioavailability enhancement

The present work aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of poloxamer 188, a surfactant, on lymphatic uptake of carvedilol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for oral bioavailability enhancement. Microemulsion technique was employed to prepare the SLN formulations having varying concentrations of poloxamer 188, which were subsequently subjected to various in vitro and in vivo evaluations to study their release pattern. On increasing the percentage concentration of poloxamer 188, the bioavailability decreased from 4.91- to 2.84-fold after intraduodenal administration in the male Wister rat. It could be attributed to the increase in particle size as well as reduction in hydrophobicity of SLNs. As indicated by pharmacokinetic data, the AUC_(0–t) of all three (SLN) formulations (6.27?±?0.24 μgh/mL with FZ-1, 4.13?± 0.11 μgh/mL with FZ-2, and 3.63?±?0.10 μgh/mL with FZ-3) were significantly higher (p?<?0.05) than that of carvedilol suspension (1.27?±?0.23 μgh/mL). These findings augur well with the possibility of enhancement of the oral bioavailability of drug, via the lymphatic system bypassing hepatic first pass metabolism.     

他克莫司固体分散体的制备及体外溶出度测定

目的:制备他克莫司固体分散体,提高他克莫司的体外溶出度。方法:以体外溶出度为指标,从泊洛沙姆188(Poloxamer188)、聚维酮K30(PVP K30)、羟丙甲纤维素(HPMCE3)、聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)中筛选最优载体及其比例。并采用差示热量扫描(DSC)、红外光谱(FTIR)、电子扫描电镜(SEM)等进行物相表征。结果:4种不同载体制成的固体分散体均能增加他克莫司体外溶出度,通过比较优选出HPMCE3为最佳载体。物相鉴定表明,他克莫司大部分以无定型状态分散于HPMCE3中。结论:制备他克莫司-HPMCE3固体分散体可以明显提高其体外溶出度,且制备方法简单可行。