Changes in hemorrheology in urticaria.

Hemorrheology was studied in 41 cases of urticaria, and platelet aggregation function in 37 cases. The whole blood viscosity in low shearing stress, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen level and platelet aggregation were found to be markedly increased (P less than 0.05 - P less than 0.005). The cause of high blood viscosity is discussed. It is considered as the results of high plasma viscosity and increased RBC aggregation. The hemorrheological changes coincided with the hemodynamic changes seen in cutaneous microcirculation: slow granular blood stream, and aggregation of erythrocytes.

     

Cohort Mortality Study in Three Ceramic Factories in Jingdezhen in China

To investigate the health impacts of crystalline silica mixed dust and other potential occupational hazards on workers in ceramic factories, a cohort study of 4851 workers registered in the employment records in 3 ceramic factories in Jingdezhen city of China between 1972 and 1974 was identified. The cohort mortality was traced throughout 2003 with an accumulation of 128970.2 person-years, revealed 1542 deaths. Standardized mortality ratios （SMRs） were calculated for the main causes of death by using Chinese national mortality rates as reference. The mortality from all causes in three ceramic factories was 12.0‰ and the cumulative mortality was 31.8%. Malignant neoplasm, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, infectious diseases were the first four illnesses that threaten workers’ life, and they accounted for 73.2% of all deaths. The results of this study showed that the standardized mortality ratio for all subjects was 1.02, which is very close to that expected on the basis of the China national mortality rates. Statistically significant mortality excesses for respiratory disease （SMR=1.36）, pneumoconiosis （SMR=37.34）, infectious disease （SMR=5.70） and pul- monary tuberculosis （SMR=3.88） were observed. The mortality of 2938 dust-exposed workers was higher than that of 1913 non dust-exposed workers. Except for pneumoconiosis, the mortality from lung cancer, non-malignant respiratory diseases and pulmonary tuberculosis in dust-exposed workers were significantly increased as compared with that in non-exposed workers, and the relative risks （RRs） were 1.86 （1.16–2.99）, 2.50 （1.84–3.40）, 1.81 （1.34–2.45）. The exposure-response relationships between cumulative dust exposure level and mortality from all causes, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, respiratory diseases, and pulmonary tuberculosis were also identified. The findings indicated that silica mixed dust in ceramic factories has harmful impact on the workers’ health and life span in ceramic factory.     

Changes in Cardiovascular Activity During an Increase in Biliary Tract Pressure in Rabbits

(郑启昌)(叶建宇)(胡佑华)(官敏丽)(王迪浔)ＣｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎＣａｒｄｉｏｖａｓｃｕｌａｒＡｃｔｉｖｉｔｙＤｕｒｉｎｇａｎＩｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎＢｉｌｉａｒｙＴｒａｃｔＰｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｉｎＲａｂｂｉｔｓ￥ＺＨＥＮＧＱｉ－ｃｈａｎｇ；ＹＥＪｉａｎ－ｙｕ；ＨＵ...     

Intestinal Parasite Infections in Pupils in Haikou City

Objective To investigate the epidemic conditions of intestinal parasites in pupils in part areas of the suburb of Haikou City. Methods One-off boxes were used to collect the fresh feces of the pupils, modified Kato＇s thick smear and iodine staining were used to make slides respectively, and the slides with feces were detected for eggs and encyst under microscope. Results A total of 535 subjects were involved in this study, and the total detection rate was 58.88%. We observed ten species of parasites in this experiment, which were Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba hartmani, Blastocystis hominis, Anguillula stercoralis, Fasciolopsis buski and Distoma hepaticum. The detectable rates of them were 51.40%, 43.74%, 26.54%, 5.42%, 4.67%, 3.18%, 1.50%, 1.31%, 0.93% and 0.75%. The detection rates of feces from male and female pupils were 59.59% and 58.02% which were found no statistical difference （χ^2=0.13, p〉0.05）, but the rates were 51.28% and 69.51% in city and rural pupils with statistical difference （χ^2=17.84, p〈0.01）. The rates were 75.00%, 60.94%, 71.74%, 54.76%, 44.90%, 44.83% and 63.22% in pupils in pre-elementary, Grade One, Grade Two, Grade Three, Grade Four, Grade Five and Grade Six, respectively, with statistical difference（χ^2=25.88, p 〈 0.01）. Conclusion The infection rate of intestinal parasites is high in Haikou, the parasites are more seen in rural areas, and multi-autoeciousness is prevalent. It seems that the datable rates decreased with ages increasing.     

Progress in lymphatic filariasis control in China.

Lymphatic filariasis (bancroftian filariasis and malayan filariasis)is one of the major parasitic diseases in China.It is distributed in 15 provinces.     

Assessing hepatitis A virus epidemic stochastic process in eight cities in China in 1990

Aim:INThePeople'sRepublicofChinain1990,theage-specificseroprevalenceofhepatitisAwasinvestigatedineightlargecities.Methods:Astochasticmodel,thetwo-stateMarkovchain,wasappliedtohepatitisAvirusseroprevalencedatabyagegroup.Anage-specificriskrate,MarkovRiskRate(MRR),anditsweightedsum,TotalMrr,aredefinedandusedasnovelmeasureindicestoprioritizeagegroupsforallocatingvaccineortodecideinwhichcitiesvaccineshouldbeusedtopreventhepatitisA.Results:In1990,theMRR1-inXi'anJinan,Ha'erbinandHuehaote,a…     

Quality Assurance in Toxicology Studies in Developing Countries

As developing countries become more involved in the international chemical trade, they must adhere to certain requirements for importation of their chemicals into foreign countries. These developing countries will be required to provide basic safety information on their chemical products, including data developed from chemical and toxicologic testing. These data must be developed in accordance with the national requirements of the importing country. Many importing countries have adopted the OECD Test Guidelines and the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) as primary guidance to assure the quality of laboratory data. These procedures provide a basis for internationally acceptable data. Several countries have incorporated many of these provisions into their national laws or administrative procedures. These procedures describe the process of documenting the conduct of laboratory studies, including recording of data, reporting of study results, and storage of data gathered. This process is intended to assure the quality and integrity of the data so that, if required, the study can be reconstructed by an auditor or an inspector. Details of these procedures and their applicability to the international chemical trade are discussed. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.     

Indoor Air pollution in Four Cities in China

The study reports the investigation of indoor air pollution carried out in four cities in China (Chengde, Shanghai, Shenyang and Wuhan). The concentrations of RP, SO_2, CO and NO_2 were measured in kitchens and bedrooms, both in summer and in winter. The results showed that indoor air pollution, as measured by RP, SO_2, CO, was heavy when coal was used as domestic fuel. This was particularly severe in winter. For example, the concentrations of SO2 in homes with coal stoves were more than 10 times higher than those in homes with gas or LPG in Shanghai. The concentratins of pollutants in kitchens were higher than those in bedrooms. The source of pollutants was fuel combustion from kitchen. The highest concentrations in kitchen could reach 665 μg/m~3 (RP), 860 μg/m~3 (SO2) and 14.07 mg/m~3 (CO). The concentrations in bedrooms were up to 270 μg/m~3 502μg/m~3, and 13.67mg/m~3, respectively.     

The molecular biology in clinical endocrinology in China

ＴｈｅｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｂｉｏｌｏｇｙｉｎｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｅｎｄｏｃｒｉｎｏｌｏｇｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａＳｈｉＹｉｆａｎ史轶蘩Ａｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｆｉｅｌｄｏｆｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｂｉｏｌｏｇｙｉｎｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅｈａｓｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄｎｅｗｉｎｓｉｇ...     

Reactive oxygen species in paraventricular nucleus involved in cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in rats

INTRODUCTION Cardiacsympatheticafferentreflex(CSAR)isapositive feedback,sympatho excitatoryreflex,whichcontributestoanincreaseinsympatheticoutflow insomepathophysiologicalconditionssuchaschronic heartfailure(CHF)andarterialhypertension.Thepar aventricularnucleus(PVN)isanimportantintegrative centerinthecontrolofcardiovascularactivity.Ourpre viousstudiesrevealedthatAngⅡinthePVNenhanced theCSARinnormalratsandratswithCHF,andthisen hancementwasattenuatedbymicroinjectionoftheAngⅡAT1r…     

Clinical significance of changes in β-adrenoreceptors in peripheral lymphocytes in patients with essential hypertension

Objective To explore the relationship of β-adrenoreceptor density and function with the condition of patients with essential hypertension.Methods In the present study, 69 male patients with essential hypertension at different stages were compared with a group of age-matched normotensive controls. β-ad renoreceptor maximum bound volume (B(max)) in peripheral lymphocytes was mea sured by (3)H-dihydroalprenolol ((3)H-DHA) radio ligand binding. β- adrenoreceptor responsiveness was determined by Salbutamol (injection). Results In patients with essential hypertension at stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ, B(max) was si gnificantly higher (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively) and the chronot ropic doses of Salbutamol required to increase the heart rate by 30 beats/min (CD(30)) were significantly lower (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respect ively) than in age-matched normotensive control subjects. In patients with ess ential hypertension at stage Ⅲ, B(max) was significantly lower and CD(30)was significantly higher (both P<0.01) than those in the age-matched n ormotensive control subjects. B(max) was significantly higher and CD(30) was significantly lower (both P<0.001) in patients with essential hyper tensi on and with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) than that in patients with essent ial hypertension but without LVH. In patients with essential hypertension and heart failure, B(max) was significantly lower and CD(30) was significant ly higher (both P<0.001) than those in patients with essential hypertension without heart failure.Conclusions The changes of β-adrenoreceptor density and function were related to hypertens ion, hypertension complicated with ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure. They may be viewed as indexes of the condition in the patients with essential hy pertension.     

Endoxin-mediated myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats in vitro

Endoxin-mediated myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats in vitro@柯永胜$Department of Cardiology Yijishan Hospital,Wannan Medical College!Wuhu,China @汪和贵$Department of Cardiology Yijishan Hospital,Wannan Medical College!Wuhu,China @王德国     

Ferritin in astrocytomas

Authors studied ferritin in 119 astrocytoma cases by immunocytochemical PAP and immunogold silver staining(IGSS) methods. In 57% of the cases, ferritin was found in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. The highr thedifferentiation of the tumor cells, the less ferritin they contained. Contrary to the reaction of glial fibrillary acidic pro-tein (GFAP), the positive rate of ferritin in various types and grades of astrocytomas was inversely proportional     

Cadmium in Tobacco

The present study was conducted to determin the cadmium level in tobacco planted in five main tobacco-producing areas,a cadmium polluted area,and in cigarettes produced domestically(54 brands).The results indicate that average cadmium content in tobacco was 1.48(0.10-4.95mg/kg),which was similar to that of Indian tobacco(1.24mg/kg),but the cadmium of tobacco produced in the cadmium polluted area was quite high(8.60mg/kg).The average cigarette cadmium was 1.05μg/g(with filter tip)and 1.61μg/g(regular cigarette).Therefore special attention should be paid to the soil used in planting tobacco.     

Effect of Allicin in antagonizing mice’s bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo

Objective To explore anti-tumor effect and mechanism of Allicin in treating murine bladder tumor.Methods: To observe Allicin’s effect on MBT-2 tumor cells in vitro, 100 ⧎g/ml Allicin was added to the tumor cell culture, and the morphology of tumor cells was observed by phase contrast microscope 6 hrs later. The direct effects of Allicin on tumor cell growth in vitro in the MTT Assay was also evaluated. To determine anti-tumor effect of Allicin in vivo, C3H/He mice were randomly grouped prior to initiation of experiment. The mice received 1 × 10⁵ MBT-2 cells administered subcutaneously into the right posterior flank on the Day 0 the experiment started. Allicin was injected at the site near tumor transplantation on the Day 1. The mice were examined for tumor development and the tumors were measured in two dimensions with calipers twice a week. On Day 21 the tumors were resected and examined pathologically to see the immune response.Results: The observation of morphology of MBT-2 cells in vitro and MTT assay indicated that Allicin has apparent direct cytotoxicity to bladder cancer cells. In high dosage group, a marked delay was shown in the appearance and growth of tumors after subcutaneously injection when compared with the control group (P< 0.01). Histology studies suggested that there were more macrophages, lymphocytes and fibroblasts at the peri-tumor region than the control group.Conclusion: Allicin has a marked tumor inhibitory effect on bladder tumor. This effect could possibly be related to direct cytotoxicity and activation of immune response. It could as possibly prove to be an effective intravesical treatment agent for superficial bladder cancer. The project was sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Personnels, State Education Ministry (Grant No. 247)     

Major achievements in relation to dyslexia in Chinese characters

Objective To review the major achievements in dyslexia in Chinese characters, hoping to give some clues for future studies. Data sources Both Chinese and English language literature search using PUBMED, and original articles published in main Chinese and international journals. Study selection After reviewing the literature, 54 articles were selected that specifically addressed the stated purpose. Results The results of studies about the subtypes, cerebral basis, reading processing model, event-related potential （ERP） and saccadic features between English and Chinese dyslexia are different. Conclusions in the last ten years, great progress has been made in the study of dyslexia in Chinese characters. However, there are still many problems and shortcomings which need to be investigated.     

News in Brief

Mogen kidney-strengthening medicated wine developed and produced by Shanxi Ruifeng pharmaceutical industry ismade from 27 kinds of pure Chinese herbs.Medical institutions in Tianjing City have made clinical observations on morethan 100 objects with age from 32 to 79 years old.The experimental results has proved that the medicated wine iseffective in cold extremities caused by insufficiency of kidney essence,soreness and weakness of loins and knees,listlessness,impotence,premature ejaculation,infertility due to few sperms,losing teeth and hair,infertility due to     

Thromboembolism in Children

Thromboembotic events are being increasingly diag- nosed in children.The incidence of symptomatic throm- bolic events is 0.07%/10 000 children,5.3/10 000 hospital admissions of children and 2.4/1 000 admissions of newborns to intensive care units in west,but the inci- dence of thromboembotic events in children in China is an unknow now.