弥漫性冠状动脉病变的外科治疗

目的总结非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉内膜剥脱后行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（off—pump CABG）治疗弥漫性冠状动脉病变的早期临床结果和经验，以提高手术疗效。方法2003年5月～2006年11月，对83例弥漫性冠状动脉病变患者在非体外循环下做冠状动脉内膜剥脱后行off—pump CABG，其中男61例，女22例；年龄55-80岁（65±7岁）；加拿大心脏病协会（CCS）心绞痛分级：Ⅱ级7例，Ⅲ级20例，Ⅳ级56例。有心肌梗死史36例（43．4％）。冠状动脉造影显示：双支血管病变5例，3支病变78例，其中合并左主干病变16例。左心室射血分数25％～65％（51％±16％）。83例共行110支冠状动脉内膜剥脱，其中左前降支系统67支，回旋支、钝缘支9支，右冠状动脉系统34支。20例内膜剥脱后先用大隐静脉片行左前降支成形，再在补片上用乳内动脉行旁路血管移植；应用左乳内动脉83支，桡动脉2支，余均为大隐静脉，每例移植血管3．9±1．2支。结果无手术死亡。术中移植血管血流满意101支（92％），血流量为22±16ml／min。术后发生心肌梗死4例，梗死面积小，无血流动力学改变，未给予特殊治疗。83例患者皆痊愈出院。随访75例（90．4％），8例失访，随访时间8～50个月，无心绞痛发作。8例患者在手术后3～29个月复查冠状动脉造影显示：冠状动脉内膜剥脱后行off—pump CABG的移植血管均通畅。结论非体外循环下冠状动脉内膜剥脱后行off—pump CABG，安全可行，再血管化程度高，是治疗弥漫性冠状动脉病变的有效方法。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术瞬时测血流量技术的临床应用

目的　总结瞬时测血流量 (TTFM)技术在冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)中的应用经验 ,探讨异常血管桥瞬时血流量技术参数特点、发生原因及处理方法。方法　 2 0 0 1年 9月至 2 0 0 2年 5月 ,连续对5 0例不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植及 40例常规体外循环下旁路移植者进行血管桥血流量测定 ,随机 30例进行左侧乳内动脉 (LIMA)血流量测定。结果　 30例LIMA离断后TTFM参数 :平均血流 (42 9± 33 0 )ml min ,弹力指数 (PI)值 1 0 0± 0 6 4,波形曲线为收缩期、舒张期双向血流 ,收缩期为主 ,实际平均血流为(37 4± 2 8 8)ml min ,相关系数为 0 98。 90例冠状动脉旁路移植TTFM参数 :LIMA到左前降支 (LAD)平均流量 (2 9 9± 9 5 )ml min ,平均PI值 2 47± 0 88。大隐静脉或桡动脉到回旋支系统平均流量 (33 7±17 5 )ml min ,PI值 4 0± 1 9;到右冠状动脉系统 ,平均流量 (31 5± 19 2 )ml min ,PI值 2 6± 1 3 ;到前降支及回旋支系统为双向血流 ,血流以舒张期为主 ,收缩期可形成负值 ;到右冠状动脉系统 ,收缩及舒张期为双向灌注 ,较少出现负值。TTFM技术提示 ,2 87支血管桥中有质量问题血管桥 6支 ,均手术证实并加以矫正。 90例病人均无围术期心肌梗死及其它严重并发症 ,无死亡。随访 2～ 10个月 ,病人无心绞痛及心肌     

微创冠状动脉搭桥术(附23例报告)

目的　探索冠状动脉搭桥术的微创治疗方法。　方法 1999年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 8月 ,用Octo pus方法给 2 3位冠状动脉狭窄的患者行冠状动脉搭桥术。搭桥数 1根 1例 ,2根 3例 ,3根以 19例。移植部位 :前降支 2 3例 ,对角支 8例 ,回旋 15例 ,右冠 14例 ,后降支 8例。移植血管 :左乳内动脉 2 0根 ,大隐静脉 4 8根。　结果　无手术死亡 ,无中转体外循环 ,术后心绞痛消失 ,MRI提示桥血管通畅。　结论　非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术适用于多支血管病变 ,包括回旋支和后降支。桥血管通畅率与常规冠状动脉搭桥术相同。并发症少 ,费用低 ,是一种安全、经济的微创手术方法。     

常规与非体外循环下冠状动脉3支病变旁路移植血管通畅性对比分析

目的　评价非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)与体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CCABG)治疗冠状动脉三支病变术中旁路早期通畅性。方法　 6 0例 3支血管病变的病人分为OPCAB组和CCABG组 ,每组各 30例。行冠状动脉旁路移植术 ,OPCAB组胸骨正中切口 ,在非体外循环心脏不停跳下完成手术 ;CCABG组建立常规体外循环 ,心脏停跳下完成手术。术中应用即时血流测量技术对旁路血管进行流量测量。对比分析两组术前、术后的各项指标及各血管旁路流量、搏动指数和血流波形。结果　两组病人术前一般情况差异无统计学意义。OPCAB组与CCABG组移植旁路血管分别为 (3 6±0 6 )支与 (4 3± 0 9)支 (P <0 0 1) ;两组前降支及右冠状动脉旁路血流量、搏动指数差异无显著性。CCABG组回旋支序贯旁路和远端吻合口多 ,血流量较OPCAB组高。两组弥漫病变血管旁路血流量小。结论　OPCAB与CCABG治疗 3支病变 ,两组血管旁路早期通畅性差异无显著性。     

胸部小切口冠状动脉搭桥术

目的 评价胸部小切口冠状动脉搭桥术的临床疗效。方法 采用左胸部小切口取左乳内动脉,左心脏跳动下行冠状动脉搭桥术141例。其中前降支单支病变83例,多支病变58例。合并高危因素者58例,经行皮冠状动脉腔内成型术（PTCA）术后45例,冠状动脉搭桥术后10例。结果 全组均完成手术,其中左乳内动脉搭至前降支139例,第一对角支2例。无围手术期死亡。术后行2次冠状动脉搭桥术1例,PTCA21例。冠状动脉造影显示血管桥通畅率98．5％。结论 胸部小切口冠状动脉搭桥术主要适用于前降支的再血管化。该手术安全可靠,疗效优良,在合并高危因素或常规搭桥手术效果不满意者中应用更佳。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗重症冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病

目的探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗重症冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的可行性. 方法回顾分析2002年1月～12月37例重症冠心病的临床资料.均采用全麻,胸骨正中切口,游离左乳内动脉及大隐静脉.心脏稳定器局部固定心肌,显露目标冠状动脉,切开后置入冠状动脉内血液分流器.一般先做左乳内动脉与左冠状动脉前降支的吻合,其余血管桥先做桥血管与主动脉的近心端吻合,然后再做桥血管与冠状动脉的吻合. 结果全组病例均在非体外循环下完成手术,搭桥1～6支,(3.2±0.5)支.术后10 d死亡1例,其余36例未发生围术期心肌梗死,无呼吸功能不全、肾功能不全、脑血管意外等严重并发症. 结论在成熟的手术技术和严格的围手术期管理的条件下,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗重症冠心病可行.     

冠状动脉内膜剥脱联合旁路移植治疗弥漫性冠状动脉狭窄病变的近中期效果

目的探讨冠状动脉内膜剥脱术(CE)联合冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗弥漫性冠状动脉狭窄病变的近中期效果。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年1月在南京市第一医院心胸血管外科接受CE+CABG的248例弥漫性冠状动脉狭窄病变患者的临床资料。男性201例,女性47例;年龄(65.6±8.5)岁(范围:43~79岁)。体外循环手术156例,非体外循环手术92例。共对269根病变血管完成CE,包括前降支108根,右冠状动脉140根,钝缘支21根。共完成旁路移植872支,包括左胸廓内动脉248支,桡动脉48支,大隐静脉576支,每例患者移植(3.5±0.8)支(范围:2~6支)。CE后平均血流量为(26±8)ml/min(范围:13~59 ml/min),血流指数为3.1±0.8(范围:2.0~6.7)。采用t检验或χ²检验比较体外循环和非体外循环患者的手术结果及术后通畅率。结果全组围手术期病死率为1.2%(3/248),2例死于肾功能衰竭,1例死于术后顽固性低心排血量。9例发生围手术期心肌梗死。随访(41.8±21.4)个月(范围:1~68个月)。旁路血管术后1年通畅率为78.4%(182/232),3年通畅率为69.8%(162/232)。左冠状动脉系统通畅率明显高于右冠状动脉系统(1年:87.4%比73.1%,χ²=6.533,P=0.011;3年:78.2%比64.8%,χ²=4.588,P=0.032)。体外循环组和非体外循环组旁路血管通畅率无差异(1年:80.0%比76.9%,χ²=0.277,P=0.599;3年:71.5%比67.9%,χ²=0.300,P=0.584)。结论CE+CABG治疗弥漫性冠状动脉狭窄病变可以获得较满意的完全再血管化,有较好的早、中期效果和旁路血管通畅率。体外循环和非体外循环手术具有相似的早中期结果。     

急诊冠状动脉搭桥术

目的探讨急诊冠状动脉搭桥(CABG)术的手术指征及外科处理要点,提高手术成功率.方法1999年1月至2001年5月18例急诊CABG病人中男15例,女3例.年龄40.0～71.5岁,平均(61.7±8.5)岁.术前急性心肌梗死(AMI)8例[7例直接行冠状动脉造影(冠造)及经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA);1例溶栓失败,急诊行冠状动脉造影及PTCA],冠造均提示三支血管病变,急性心肌梗死到急诊CABG手术时间平均(9.4±6.3)?h;不稳定心绞痛不能控制7例;冠状动脉造影术及PTCA时右冠状动脉撕裂、急性心包压塞及室颤各1例.术前放置主动脉气囊反搏泵(IABP)13例.17例在体外循环下行急诊CABG术,平均体外循环时间(78.5±25.2)?min,平均阻断时间(65.3±23.6)?min;平均每例搭桥(3.4±1.1)支;1例小切口行不停跳搭桥.采用左内乳动脉桥14例、右内乳动脉桥1例、桡动脉桥6例.结果1例术中死亡,1例术后死于低心输出量综合征.余16例随访2～25个月,无死亡;亦无明显心绞痛及心肌缺血表现.结论急诊CABG是挽救不能控制的急性心肌缺血的有效方法之一,及时正确的抢救方法是保证手术成功的关键.     

全动脉化冠状动脉搭桥的临床应用

目的 介绍全动脉移植物行冠状动脉搭桥的早期效果和临床经验。方法 采用全动脉移植物87例冠心病患者实施冠状动脉搭桥。其中男性患者82例，女性5例；单支冠状动脉病变14例，2支病变19例，3支病变54例。62例患者术前有心肌梗死，7例合并室壁瘤，1例合并主动脉瓣关闭不全。71例患者在体外循环下行冠状动脉搭桥术，16例在非体外循环下行冠状动脉搭桥术。同时行室壁瘤切除术7例，行主动脉瓣替换1例，行冠状动脉内膜剥脱2例。应用左乳内动脉84例次，右乳内动脉46例次，胃 网膜右动脉37例次，左桡动脉51例次。单个远端吻合14例，2个19例，3个50例，4个4例。结果 围手术期死亡2例（病死率2．3％），1例为围手术期心肌梗死低心排，1例为顽固性心律失常。3例术后发生胸骨裂开切口感染，再次清创处理后痊愈。本组患者随访1．0－30．0个月（平均13．2个月），1例患者因突发脑血管意外在术后40d死亡，其余患者术后均恢复良好，无心绞痛症状再发。B超检查乳内动脉移植血管均通畅。结论 全动脉化冠状动脉搭桥具有良好的临床应用效果，尤其适合于年轻的冠心病患者。     

非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的技术改进──先吻合桥血管近端的“顺行序贯式”吻合术

目的探讨先吻合桥血管近端的“顺行序贳式”吻合技术住非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术（off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCABG）中应用的临床意义和价值。方法56例患者行OPCABG术中采用先吻合桥血管近端的“顺行序贯式”吻合术：先行带蒂左乳内动脉与左前降支吻合;若使用游离桥血管则先与升主动脉吻合,再与左前降支吻合。然后用大隐静脉或桡动脉进行“序贯式”吻合搭桥。结果与左前降支吻合的桥血管：带蒂左乳内动脉49支,游离左乳内动脉1支,桡动脉4支,大隐静脉2支。采用大隐静脉进行“序贯式”吻合：4个吻合口（包括近端吻合口）32例,3个吻合口15例。桡动脉进行“序贯式”吻合：4个吻合口2例,3个吻合口7冽。大隐静脉-右冠状动脉单桥5支。总搭桥207支,平均3．7支／例。术后心绞痛症状全部缓解,无围术期急性心肌梗塞。54例随访2～70个月,无新发心绞痛,无死亡病例。结论应用先吻合桥血管近端的“顺行序贯式”吻合技术,可使OPCABG更简便、安全、有效,更有益于多支病变患者,尤其是急危重症的冠心病患者。     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting provides complete revascularization with reduced myocardial injury,transfusion requirements,and length of stay: a prospective randomized comparison of two hundred unselected patients undergoing off-pump versus conventional coronary artery bypass grafting

OBJECTIVE: Retrospective comparisons of selected patients undergoing off-pump versus conventional on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting have yielded inconsistent results and raised concerns about completeness of revascularization in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Two hundred unselected patients referred for elective primary coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly assigned to undergo off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with an Octopus tissue stabilizer (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, Minn) or conventional coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass by a single surgeon. Revascularization intent determined before random assignment was compared with the revascularization performed. All management followed strict, unbiased, criteria-driven protocols. Patients and nonoperative care providers were blinded to surgical group. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar. The number of grafts performed per patient (mean +/- SD 3.39 +/- 1.04 for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, 3.40 +/- 1.08 for conventional coronary artery bypass grafting) and the index of completeness of revascularization (number of grafts performed/number of grafts intended, 1.00 +/- 0.18 for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, 1.01 +/- 0.09 for conventional coronary artery bypass grafting) were similar. Likewise, the index of completeness of revascularization was similar between groups for the lateral wall. Combined hospital and 30-day mortalities and stroke rates were similar. Postoperative myocardial serum enzyme measures were significantly lower after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, suggesting less myocardial injury. Adjusted postoperative thromboelastogram indices, fibrinogen, international normalized ratio, and platelet levels all showed significantly less coagulopathy after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting received fewer units of blood, were more likely to avoid transfusion altogether, and had a higher hematocrit at discharge. Cardiopulmonary bypass was an independent predictor of transfusion (odds ratio 2.42, P =.0073) by multivariate analysis. More patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were extubated in the operating room and within 4 hours. Postoperative length of stay (in days) was shorter for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (5.1 +/- 6.5 for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, 6.1 +/- 8.2 for conventional coronary artery bypass grafting, P =.005 by Wilcoxon test). One patient (in the conventional coronary artery bypass grafting group) required angioplasty for graft closure within 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: When compared with conventional coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting achieved similar completeness of revascularization, similar in-hospital and 30-day outcomes, shorter length of stay, reduced transfusion requirement, and less myocardial injury.     

Off-pump redo coronary artery bypass grafting

BACKGROUND: Conventional redo coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with significant morbidity. The danger of reoperation is mainly in reopening the sternum and in the manipulation of the heart and the old grafts. Therefore, off-pump redo coronary artery bypass grafting with a patient-specific approach in selected cases seems an ideal technique. METHODS: Between October 1995 to September 1999, 50 patients with mean age of 61.8+/-8 years underwent reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass. Isolated left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to left anterior descending artery (LAD) anastomosis was carried out in 25 cases through left anterior minithoracotomy. In 1 patient LIMA was grafted on a previous vein graft to LAD, which was critically stenosed proximally but distal anastomosis was patent. In another case LIMA was grafted to Ramus intermedius branch. Midsternotomy approach was used to carry out LAD and right coronary artery grafting in 21 cases. In 2 patients a posterolateral thoracotomy approach was used to bypass obtuse marginal branches without cardiopulmonary bypass; in these cases proximal anastomosis was performed on the descending aorta. RESULTS: Mortality rate was 4% (2 deaths). Two patients sustained perioperative myocardial infarction. No patient was reexplored for hemorrhage and 38 patients did not require homologous blood transfusion. Sixteen patients underwent check angiogram and all of them were found to have patent redo grafts. Cardiac recovery room stay was 22+/-7 hours and hospital stay 5+/-2 days. CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients, reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting can be performed without cardiopulmonary bypass with a low perioperative morbidity and mortality and satisfactory graft patency.     

川崎病冠状动脉病变及搭桥手术

目的 探讨川崎病后严重冠状动脉病变及搭桥手术（ＣＡＢＧ）后的近期及远期效果。方法随访发现,６例川崎病后严重冠状动脉病变的病儿均有左冠状动脉前降支（ＬＡＤ）病变,右冠状动脉（ＲＣＡ）病变５例,左冠状动脉回旋支（ＬＣＸ）病变３例,左冠状动脉主干（ＬＭＴ）病变２例,心肌梗死３例。共行１５支ＣＡＢＧ;单支２例,３支３例,４支１例;左胸廓内动脉（ＬＩＴＡ）至ＬＡＤ６例;右胸廓内动脉（ＲＩＴＡ）至ＬＡＤ１例。     

Minimally invasive coronary artery revascularization: off-pump bypass grafting and the hybrid procedure

Background. Coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump-CAB; OPCAB) as a minimally invasive procedure has been used increasingly to treat coronary artery disease. The procedure makes multivessel revascularization possible, with new instruments and techniques, and hybrid therapy (combination of angioplasty and OPCAB) can be a new method of treating coronary disease. We present our experience using OPCAB and our strategy for coronary revascularization.

Methods. Of 216 patients treated with OPCAB, the lesion was single in 100 and multivessel in 116. Preoperative risks that could increase the mortality and morbidity rates were present in 127 patients, excluding 55 who were 75 years old or older.

Results. There were four hospital deaths, three of which were noncardiac, and five operative morbidities: transient cerebral ischemia in 3, perioperative myocardial infarction in 1, and congestive heart failure in 1. A postoperative angiogram was done in 157 patients (220 grafts), and with heart stabilization the patency rate without stenosis improved to 93.6%. For 116 patients with multivessel disease, technically complete revascularization was done in 84%, either with multivessel revascularization in 61 patients or the hybrid procedure in 37 patients. Among 20 patients with left main trunk lesion, five had the hybrid procedure. Angina recurred in 3, including 1 who died suddenly of infarction. The angiogram at recurrence showed restenosis of left main lesion and occlusion of the graft to the left anterior descending artery. Postoperative follow-up for 2 years showed 12 patients with recurrent angina and five late deaths from noncardiac-related events.

Conclusions. The heart stabilizer and new techniques for coronary revascularization with a beating heart have improved the anastomotic quality of grafts. The hybrid procedures were effective in selected patients but were considered contraindicated in patients with left main trunk lesion. OPCAB was safe, effective, and suitable especially in patients with high risks for coronary artery bypass grafting.     

Multiple minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting for the complete revascularization of the left ventricle.

BACKGROUND: Single-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting of the left internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending coronary artery using a minithoracotomy has been shown to produce excellent results with a very low mortality rate. However, this procedure cannot be used in patients with double- or triple-vessel disease. Our goal was to develop a minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass for total revascularization of the left ventricle using multiple arterial grafts. METHODS: Limited lateral thoracotomy was performed in the fourth or fifth intercostal spaces, exposing the left anterior descending coronary artery and left circumflex coronary artery. Two or three arterial grafts were harvested. Revascularization of the left anterior descending coronary artery and the left circumflex coronary artery were performed in 20 patients without cardiopulmonary bypass through the limited lateral thoracotomy using complex performed arterial grafts. In 4 patients, triple- and quadruple-vessel grafting was performed. RESULTS: The mean coronary cross-clamp time was 14.5+/-4.0 minutes for the left anterior descending coronary artery and 16.8+/-5.1 minutes for the left circumflex coronary artery. No early deaths or postoperative complications occurred. There were no late deaths or angina during the mean follow-up of 7.0 months (range, 2 to 22 months). Postoperative coronary angiography demonstrated widely patent grafts in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive approach through a limited thoracotomy in multiple coronary artery bypass graftings are technically feasible and may be an alternative approach in the complete revascularization of the left ventricle. Mechanical immobilization of the coronary artery enhances early graft patency and is an essential part of this procedure.     

Coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass: MIDCAB and OPCAB

Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting via left anterior small thoracotomy (MIDCAB) and coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass (OPCAGB) are accepted technique as less invasive than conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We reported our experience with these procedures. From 1996 to December 1999, 176 patients underwent MIDCAB or OPCAB with the internal thoracic artery. The left internal thoracic arteries were used for grafting of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in 131 patients, LAD and diagonal branches sequentially in 8 patients, using free radial artery conduits for grafting of the right coronary artery (RAC) or left circumflex (LCx) in 7 patients, using radial artery conduits as Y-graft from LAD for grafting of the RAC or LCx in 24 patients, and bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting was performed in 4 patients. One patient (0.6%) died in the hospital. One patient (0.6%) had perioperative myocardial infarction. No patient had cerebrovascular accident and sever wood infection. One-hundred-seventy-four patients (98.8%) had resolution of their angina symptom.     

Two cases of minimally invasive reoperative coronary artery bypass

Reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are still associated with higher mortality than primary CABG. This is due in part to the potential for cardiac and patent graft injury during their dissection and the reopening of the sternum. Therefore, in two patients with recurrent angina attributable to occulusion of the old vein graft to the LAD, we performed reoperative CABG by the minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) procedures. The left internal thoracic artery was anastomosed to the LAD through small anterolateral thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass. Both patients recovered fast and underwent postoperative angiogram, showing the new grafts widely patent. About two weeks later, both discharged in the conditiions of nearly normal activities. The reoperative MIDCAB grafting might be expected to be as safe and promissing as the primary one.     

Left anterior descending coronary artery: long-term angiographic results of CABG with endarterectomy

AIM: The procedure of coronary bypass grafting (CABG) with coronary endarterectomy (CE) is controversial. However, in the setting of severely calcified coronary arteries CE may enable complete revascularization. Complete revascularization, especially of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), is important for long-term outcome. In this study we assessed long-term LAD graft patency and anterior wall function after CABG with CE of the LAD. METHODS: Between 1984 and 1992, 283 patients underwent CABG with CE of the LAD. In 50 patients (47 men), aged 59+/-7.6 (40-77), clinical reassessment and surveillance angiography were performed. In all patients complete revascularization had been achieved with 3.5+/-1 (1-5) grafts/patient with 1-3 CE/patient. The LAD was grafted either with a saphenous vein segment (N=38) or with left intern thoracic artery (N=12). A graft obstructed less than 50% in diameter was defined as patent. RESULTS: At follow-up 39 patients (78%) were in CCS class I/II and had improved significantly (P<0.000). Control angiography after 7.6+/-2.5 (3.5-11.7) years after CABG revealed a patent LAD graft in 30/50 patients (60%). Actuarial graft patency was 100%, 96%, and 56% after 2, 5, and 10 years and was lower in patients with diabetes (P=0.001). Deterioration of anterior wall motion was observed in 17 patients (34%) and was more frequent if anterior wall motion was preoperatively normal (P=0.002), irrespective of LAD graft patency. CONCLUSION: Clinical status and long-term graft patency of grafts on endarterectomized LAD is considerable. However, patients with preoperatively normal anterior wall function are at increased risk for myocardial damage in the long-term.     

1110例冠状动脉搭桥术的早期结果

目的　回顾性总结１９９６ 年１ 月以来１１１０ 例冠状动脉搭桥术（ＣＡＢＧ） 的近期疗效,介绍冠心病搭桥术的体会和经验。　方法　体外循环下行ＣＡＢＧ１０４８ 例,非体外循环ＣＡＢＧ６０ 例。心肌保护均采用冷血含钾停跳液,体外循环时间１１５ ±３５ 分钟,主动脉阻断时间７２ ±２４ 分钟,单支搭桥１１０ 例,２ 支搭桥１４５ 例,３ 支搭桥４１５ 例（３７－３ ％） ,４ 支搭桥或４ 支以上４３９ 例（３９－５％） 。搭桥材料：左乳内动脉７５１ 例,大隐静脉８７７ 例,桡动脉１０１ 例,全动脉化７２ 例。合并手术：室壁瘤切除１１２ 例,室壁瘤折叠１４ 例,左室成形５ 例,瓣膜手术４８ 例,室间隔穿孔修补术５ 例。　结果　住院死亡９ 例,死亡率０－８１％ 。其余患者痊愈出院,心绞痛基本缓解。术后并发症：低心排１１ 例,主动脉球囊反搏７例,围术期心肌梗塞２ 例,脑部并发症３ 例,二次开胸止血４ 例。　结论　选择好靶血管和充分血管化是冠状动脉搭桥术的关键。另外要重视围术期处理。