重症哮喘36例临床分析

目的 总结重症哮喘的治疗方法,以提高该病的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析36例重症哮喘患者的临床资料.结果 哮喘完全缓解25例(69.4%).明显好转8例(22.2%),死亡3例(8.3%),其中死于上消化道出血者1例,肺部感染1例,1例拒绝机械通气的病人2d内死于呼吸衰竭.结论 规范的激素治疗及扩张支气管药物的应用是治疗重症支气管哮喘成功的关键;必要时采用机械通气纠正低氧血症,能提高该病的治愈率.     

机械通气治疗重症哮喘126例临床疗效观察

目的观察机械通气治疗重症哮喘的临床疗效。方法对2008年3月-2010年9月在我院行机械通气治疗的126例重症哮喘患者的治疗情况及效果进行固顾性分析。结果重症哮喘患者机械通气时间1d-6d，平均（2．9±0．7）d。有121例患者好转出院，5例患者因多器官功能衰竭而死亡。脱机后24h与上机前比较，患者的呼吸、心率、血气分析等指标均得到显著改善。结论机械通气治疗重症哮喘可显著改善患者动脉血氧情况，提高预后效果。     

呼吸衰竭患者行气管插管的护理体会

目的：总结呼吸衰竭患者行气管插管的护理体会。方法：对24例机械通气患者采取有效的气道湿化方法，选择适时的吸痰时机，加强基础护理，控制并发症等护理措施。结果：20例3-6d病情基本控制，机械通气时间为5～16d（平均8．5d），无并发症发生；2例因呼吸机依赖后进行气管切开，机械通气20d后脱机；2例死于全身多脏器功能衰竭。结论：采取有效的呼吸道管理、加强基础护理、积极抗感染治疗，可预防并发症的发生，促进患者早13康复。     

有创与无创序贯机械通气治疗重症慢性阻塞性肺疾病

对24例慢性阻塞性肺疾病重症呼吸衰竭患者进行有创机械通气治疗,随机分为序贯治疗组和对照组（各12例）。达到肺部感染控制窗后,序贯组立即拔出气管插管,改用口鼻面罩行双水平气道正压无创通气（BiPAP）治疗至脱机;对照组继续行常规有创机械通气,以目前临床常用压力支持通气（PSV）模式脱机。观察两组患者机械通气总时间、有创通气时间、监护时间、住院时间、呼吸机相关肺炎发生情况等。序贯治疗组较对照组机械通气总时间[（7．8±2．5）d与（12．0±2．2）d]、有创通气时间[（4．9±2．2）d与（12．0±2．2）d]、住院时间[（8．5±2．5）d与（13．0±2．6）d]明显缩短（P〈0．05）,呼吸机相关肺炎的发生率亦低于对照组（0／12与3／12）。说明在肺部感染控制窗指导下序贯性通气治疗方法可以明显缩短机械通气时间、重症监护和总住院时间,降低呼吸机相关肺炎发生率,改善患者预后。     

重症哮喘23例临床分析

目的 总结救治重症哮喘的初步体会和经验。方法：通过23例重症哮喘的救治分析，确认综合措施的重要性和必要性。结果：23例患者均痊愈，7例作机械通气者，6例于24小时内脱机拔管，1例并发纵膈气肿于2周后症状改善脱机拔管。结论：综合措施可提高抢救成功率。     

双水平气道正压通气改善急性重症哮喘患者疗效指标观察

目的观察双水平气道正压（BiPAP）通气方法,改善急性重症哮喘患者的各种疗效指标。方法对近期住院的42例急性重症哮喘患者给予内科常规综合治疗,同时进行BiPAP呼吸机面／鼻罩正压通气治疗,采用状态S／T（自主呼吸与被动呼吸）,设置呼吸频率（20～25）次／min,吸气压力10—12cmH2O,呼气压力为3-5cmH2O,氧浓度35％～45％,2次／d,4h／次,连续3d。治疗前后评估相关疗效指标。结果42例急性重症哮喘患者治疗后无死亡病例,同时心率、呼吸频度、哮喘症状评分和pH、PaO2、PaCO2等血气指标均明显优于治疗前（P均〈0．05）。结论急性重症哮喘患者在行内科常规综合治疗基础上,给予无创双水平气道正压通气疗效较佳。     

老年重症支气管哮喘28例临床分析

目的：探讨老年人重症支气管哮喘症状、体征、并发症、肺功能等的临床特点。方法：通过对2005年1月-2009年3月入住我院的28例老年重症支气管哮喘患者的住院资料作回顾性分析。结果：老年哮喘患者的呼吸困难、紫绀、哮鸣音、湿罗音更为明显,以上呼吸道感染为诱因者多。26例治愈,治愈率92．86％;2例死亡,死亡率7．14％。结论：采用以机械通气和药物的综合治疗,是老年人重症支气管哮喘安全有效的治疗方法。     

32例重症支气管哮喘的治疗体会

目的探讨重症支气管哮喘的临床表现及治疗方案。方法回顾性分析32例重症哮喘患者的临床资料，其中24例行氧疗、大剂量皮质激素、抗生素等综合治疗；8例危重者行机械通气。结果24例经综合治疗后哮喘症状全部缓解，8例机械通气者，6例成功脱机拔管，1例放弃治疗，1例死亡。结论大剂量激素配合其它药物治疗可使哮喘症状得到有效缓解，机械通气是抢救危重哮喘的有效手段。     

机械通气治疗重症支气管哮喘16例临床分析

目的　探讨重症支气管哮喘的有效治疗方案。方法　对 16例重症哮喘机械通气治疗作回顾性分析。结果　 16例重症哮喘经 1～ 3天机械通气后 ,全部安全脱机、痊愈出院。结论　在药物治疗重症哮喘不能缓解的情况下 ,应当重视呼吸机的早期应用。     

重症心脏瓣膜置换术后营养支持治疗

目的探讨重症心脏瓣膜置换术患者机械通气和营养支持治疗的临床特点及治疗效果。方法回顾性分析48例患者经机械通气和营养支持治疗的临床资料。全组采用胃肠外营养（PN）＋胃肠内营养（EN）支持3～10d,第1～3天PN＋EN支持,第4天后完全EN支持,期间监测术前1天、术后第1、3、7天血浆总白蛋白（TP）、血浆白蛋白（ALB）、前白蛋白（PA）;CD3＋、CD4＋、CD8＋,计算CD4＋／CD。＋及血糖变化。结果术后第7天CD3＋、CD4＋、CD8＋,CD4＋／CD8＋明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;TP、ALB、PA明显增高（P〈0．05）。合并高血糖6例,消化道出血3例,肺感染2例。36例1次脱机成功,2次脱机成功8例,3次脱机成功4例,无一例依赖呼吸机。结论机械通气和营养支持治疗重症心脏瓣膜置换术临床效果较好,但应注意营养供给方式的选择。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.