微创经皮钢板接骨术联合锁定钢板治疗四肢骨折的远期随访研究

四肢骨折为常见骨折类型,以往多采取切开复位内固定术治疗,患者多可获得较好恢复,但术后易出现相关并发症。据报道[1],四肢骨折采取切开复位内固定术的并发症发生率为5%~10%,不利于患者骨折愈合及患肢功能恢复。近年来,骨折内固定原则发生改变,微创经皮钢板接骨术应运而生[2-3]。锁定钢板设计独特,钢板、螺钉之间成角稳定,其与微创经皮钢板接骨术联合是治疗四肢骨折的理想选择[4]。本研究以120例四肢骨折患者为例,对微创经皮钢板接骨术联合锁定钢板的治疗效果进行观察。     

外固定支架辅助下微创接骨板技术治疗胫腓骨干粉碎骨折25例

胫腓骨干骨折是长管状骨最常见的骨折,约占全身骨折的13.7%[1]。其致伤原因多为高能量损伤,大多为粉碎性骨折,且常合并软组织损伤。由于胫腓骨干解剖部位的特殊性,传统切开复位钢板内固定的血运破坏,以及外固定支架固定不确切性导致术后并发症多发[2,3],逐渐被微创接骨板技术方法取代,然而,后者对于闭合复位技巧和手术经验的要求限制了其临床推广,且术后骨折复位不良常见。     

新型点式接触锁定加压接骨板在治疗四肢长骨骨折中的临床应用

目的：研究应用新型点式接触锁定加压接骨板治疗四肢长骨骨干骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析我科2012年5月～2013年5月应用新型点式接触锁定加压接骨板治疗四肢长骨骨折46例49处,其中男性26例,女性20例;年龄17～88岁,平均51.5岁;股骨骨折16处,胫腓骨骨折14处,肱骨骨折11处,尺桡骨骨折8处。全部采用切开复位直视下置入接骨板,术后给予相应康复训练。结果所有病例均获随访,随访7～19个月,平均13.4个月。骨折愈合时间为术后2～5个月,平均3个月。伤口Ⅰ期愈合。无钢板松动、感染、骨不连、成角畸形等病例。结论新型点式接触锁定加压接骨板满足骨折愈合所需要两大条件：满意的血供和良好的固定,是治疗长骨骨干骨折的理想内固定材料。     

有限切开复位结合前外侧L形锁定加压接骨板内固定治疗胫骨远端干骺端骨折

目的探讨胫骨远端干骺端骨折应用有限切开复位结合前外侧L形锁定加压接骨板(locking compression plate,LCP)内固定治疗的临床疗效。方法 2011年6月~2013年1月共收治15例胫骨远端干骺端骨折患者。骨折按照国际内固定研究协会(AO/ASIF)分型:43A2型3例,43A3型10例,43B1型2例,均合并腓骨下端骨折;胫骨远端干骺端骨折线距踝关节面1.6~4.5cm,平均2.8cm;闭合性骨折8例,开放性骨折7例(GustiloⅠ型2例,Ⅱ型3例,ⅢA型2例)。GustiloⅢA型2例急诊行清创、腓骨内固定及外固定支架固定,余患者术前行跟骨骨牵引。运用有限切开复位结合前外侧L形LCP内固定治疗,术中酌情植骨,术后早期功能锻炼。结果所有患者术后获12~18个月(平均16个月)随访,术后2例切口表皮坏死,经换药处理后愈合,余切口均一期愈合。骨折于术后16~24周(平均20周)获骨性愈合。末次随访时根据美国骨科协会足踝外科分会(American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society,AOFAS)评分标准:评分为73~95分,平均89.5分,其中优10例,良3例,可2例,优良率86.7%。随访期间无感染、骨不连及内固定松动断裂等并发症发生。结论采用有限切开复位结合前外侧L形LCP内固定治疗胫骨远端干骺端骨折,术中利用微创置板技术,并酌情植骨,术后早期功能锻炼,可获得良好疗效。     

AO/ASIF接骨板的新进展

AO/ASIF组织 (内固定研究协会 )成立于 195 8年 ,是目前世界上骨折治疗的最具影响力的学派之一。尽管在过去的 4 0年中 ,AO/ASIF组织改进骨折的治疗方法和强调功能完全恢复的初衷没有改变 ,但在骨折治疗的理论和技术上以及内固定材料等方面发生了重大的变革。最重要的改变是从强调内固定的机械力学方面向强调生物力学方面的转变 ,更加注重对骨和软组织血供的保护[1] ,而对骨干骨折的解剖复位的要求则有所降低。AO/ASIF早期治疗长骨骨干骨折的理论和技术 ,强调内固定的机械力学特性。近 10年来 ,保护骨的生物学特性受到足够的重视 ,…     

锁定加压钢板治疗Pilon骨折的疗效探讨

对30例Pilon骨折患者采用腓骨外侧纵行切口,复位后重建钢板或1/3管形固定。胫骨则行切开复位、内固定,将加压钢板及螺钉锁定进行固定。随访10~24个月,平均骨愈合时间为17.1周。23例患者踝关节可正常活动,其余患者轻微活动受限。锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定在粉碎性Pilon骨折中有显著疗效。     

双钢板固定治疗下肢骨折21例

切开复位钢板内固定是治疗骨折常用的方法 ,但并发症较多[1] ,如ＡＯ钢板所引起的内固定去除后的再次骨折 ,以及普通钢板的拔钉、钢板断裂或弯曲等 ,因而 ,减少钢板固定后的应力遮挡、提高钢板的强度是钢板固定技术的发展方向。双普通钢板三维固定 ,取材方便 ,操作简单 ,疗效显著 ,尤其适合基层医院推广1990年以来 ,我们采用普通双钢板三维固定治疗下肢骨折 2 1例 ,效果良好。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　本组男 1 6例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 1 2 63岁 ,平均 37 4岁。股骨 8例 ,胫骨 1 3例。按照ＡＯ分类[2 ] :开放骨折 (ＩＯ) 6例 ,其中Ａ2 4例 ,Ｂ…     

股骨干骨折再次钢板内固定失败7例分析

在四肢长骨骨折内固定失败中 ,股骨干骨折占57 2 % [1] 。再次手术内固定一般可愈合[2 ] ,但偶尔也有失败。 1995年 7月 1998年 3月 ,我院共收治股骨干骨折钢板内固定失败后再次钢板内固定失败 7例 ,分析如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　本组男 6例 ,女 1例 ;年龄 2 4 58岁。连续内固定失败 2次 6例 ,3次 1例。骨折原因 :撞击伤 3例 ,坠落伤 2例 ,火器伤 1例 ,砸伤 1例。开放骨折 2例 ,闭合骨折 5例。1 2　首次开放复位内固定　普通 6孔钢板加钢丝捆扎 1例 ,开放骨折术后感染伴窦道形成 1例 ,散在铅弹存留、钢板对侧骨缺损未植骨 1例 ,钢板…     

切开复位联合可吸收接骨棒内固定治疗掌指骨斜形骨折的临床疗效观察

掌指骨骨折多发于青壮年,早期未得到有效处理,容易影响手的外观和功能,降低劳动能力甚至致残.临床上掌指骨骨折中,斜形骨折约占1/2,一般均需手术治疗,方法包括克氏针、髓内针、微型钢板、外固定架固定等[1-2],其中克氏针、外固定架固定时间长,功能锻炼时间较晚,且会造成软组织激惹,生活不便[3];髓内针固定需经关节面操作,会破坏关节面的平滑,且留存内固定无法取出[4];微型钢板会造成肌腱的磨损,二期取内固定会加重皮肤和肌腱的损伤.因此应尽可能采取合适方案治疗掌指骨斜形骨折,以促进骨折愈合,减少并发症的发生,保证手部功能.本文回顾性分析2016年1月—2019年12月南通大学附属海安医院手足外科对掌指骨斜形骨折患者采用切开复位联合可吸收接骨棒内固定治疗26例,临床疗效良好.     

新型点式接触动力加压接骨板固定对板下骨质及力学性能影响的实验研究

目的　探讨新型点式接触动力加压接骨板固定对板下骨质及力学性能的影响。方法　采用性成熟山羊 6只 ,双侧完整胫骨分别采用点式接触动力加压接骨板 (pointcontact dynamiccompressionplate,PC DCP)和动力加压钢板 (dynamiccompressionplate,DCP)固定。固定后 1 2周和 2 4周分批处死动物 ,每批 3只 ,取下双侧胫骨先后进行CT扫描 ,测量局部皮质骨厚度和抗扭力学性能测试。结果　固定后 1 2周 ,PC DCP组板下皮质骨厚度和骨抗扭力学强度均明显大于DCP组 (P <0 .0 5 )。固定后 2 4周 ,DCP组和PC DCP组骨皮质均变薄 ,骨髓腔扩大 ,两组间骨皮质厚度和抗扭力学性能间差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　点式接触动力加压接骨板可避免固定后较早期局部骨质疏松的发生 ,但在后期具有与传统接骨板相似的应力遮挡作用     

Imaging of biodegradable osteosynthesis materials by ultrasound

OBJECTIVE: Biodegradable osteosynthesis materials are not radio-opaque and therefore not visible on conventional X-rays. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of ultrasound for imaging biodegradable materials to detect and monitor the degradation process. METHODS: Forty-six patients had two different polylactide osteosynthesis fracture plate materials used for the fixation of midfacial fractures. A 7.5 MHz ultrasound transducer with a 4.2 x 0.9 cm footprint was used by two examiners at approximately 4-month intervals over 36 months to monitor changes of the latero-orbital and infra-orbital rims. RESULTS: Intrinsically amorphous 50 : 50 poly(D,L)lactide reached the maximum of thickness (about 300% of the initial thickness) between 14 and 18 months post-implantation and was totally resorbed in clinical and ultrasound examinations 30 months post-implantation. In 85 : 15 poly(L,D)lactide plates, the maximum of thickness (about 300% of the initial thickness) was reached between 22 and 26 months post-implantation and resorption was still in progress 36 months post-implantation. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound examinations are suitable for detecting and monitoring the degradation process of biodegradable osteosynthesis plates in the peri-orbital region.     

Complications of osteosynthesis in the x-ray picture

Internal and external fixation devices are widely used in traumatology and orthopedic surgery. Early radiographic detection of complications due to bone surgery is based on a thorough knowledge of the different types of implants and their biomechanical properties. The development of early and late complications is demonstrated.     

Percutaneous osteosynthesis of pelvic fractures with CT control

Pelvis fractures, most often multiple, are frequently unstable. Orthopedic treatment is hardly bearable (traction in bed sometimes up to 45 days), the open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is heavy. Percutaneous fluoroscopy guided fixation lacks precision in depth. Percutaneous screw fixation with CT scan control answers these drawbacks and represents a quick solution, with few hazard when performed by a trained team and allows a very early resumption of standing.     

Percutaneous osteosynthesis in the pelvis in cancer patients

Purpose

Screw fixation (osteosynthesis) can be performed percutaneously by interventional radiologists. We report our experience in cancer patients.

Material/methods

We retrospectively reviewed all cases of percutaneous osteosynthesis (PO) of the pelvic ring and proximal femur performed in our hospital. PO were performed for fracture palliation or for osteolytic metastases consolidation. Screws were inserted under CT- or cone-beam CT- guidance and general anaesthesia. Patients were followed-up with pelvic-CT and medical consultation at 1 month, then every 3 months. For fractures, the goal was pain palliation and for osteolytic metastases, pathologic fracture prevention.

Results

Between February 2010 and August 2014, 64 cancer patients were treated with PO. Twenty-one patients had PO alone for 33 painful fractures (13 bone-insufficiency, 20 pathologic fractures). The pain was significantly improved at 1 month (VAS score?=?20/100 vs. 80/100). In addition, 43 cancer patients were preventively consolidated using PO plus cementoplasty for 45 impending pathologic fractures (10 iliac crests, 35 proximal femurs). For the iliac crests, no fracture occurred (median-FU?=?75 days). For the proximal femurs, 2 pathological fractures occurred (fracture rate?=?5.7 %, median-FU?=?205 days).

Conclusion

PO is a new tool in the therapeutic arsenal of interventional radiologists for bone pain management.

Key Points

? Screw fixation (osteosynthesis) can be performed percutaneously by interventional radiologists. ? CT- or CBCT-guidance results in high technical success rates for screw placement. ? This minimally invasive technique avoids extensive surgical exposure in bone cancer patients. ? Osteosynthesis provides pain relief for bone-insufficiency fractures and for pathologic fractures. ? Osteosynthesis plus cementoplasty provide prophylactic consolidation of impending pathological fractures.