5-HT_(2A)受体基因1438A/G多态性与海洛因依赖的关系

目的··:探讨5 -HT2A 受体基因多态性与海洛因依赖易感性的关系。方法··:用聚合酶链式反应 (PCR)技术结合限制性片段长度多态性 (RFLP)分析技术 ,检测了99名海洛因依赖者和80名正常对照者5 -HT2A 受体基因1438A/G多态性的基因型和等位基因频率。结果··:海洛因依赖者5 -HT2A 受体基因1438A/G多态性基因型A1/A2的频率较对照组高。结论··:5 -HT2A 受体基因1438A/G多态性可能与海洛因依赖的易感性有关     

中国汉族人群5-HT_（2A）受体基因1438A/G多态性与海洛因依赖的Meta分析

目的：探讨中国汉族人群5-羟色胺2A受体（Serotonin 2A receptor,5-HT2A受体）基因1438A/G多态性与海洛因依赖的关联性。方法：检索中国知网、万方、维普、Pub Med等中外数据库于建库至2014年3月公开发表的文献,收集有关中国汉族人群5-HT2A受体基因1438A/G（rs6311）多态性与海洛因依赖的病例对照研究,在评价纳入文献质量,提取有效数据后,使用Stata12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入9项关于5-HT2A受体基因1438A/G（rs6311）多态性与海洛因依赖的病例对照研究,其中病例组2654人,对照组2089人。Meta分析结果显示：中国汉族人群5-HT2A受体基因1438A/G多态性与海洛因依赖之间无显著相关性（A VS.G：OR=1.05,95%CI=0.89-1.25;AA＋AG VS.GG：OR=1.11,95%CI=0.84-1.47;AA VS.GG：OR=1.10,95%CI=0.57-1.57;AG VS.GG：OR=0.92,95%CI=0.71-1.18;AA VS.AG＋GG：OR=1.02,95%CI=0.66-1.58）。Meta回归对异质性来源分析发现异质性主要来源于出版年份,基于地域的亚组分析显示：5-HT2A受体基因1438A/G多态性对于南方和北方人群的海洛因依赖风险无明显相关（南方：OR=0.95,95%CI=0.68-1.33;北方：OR=0.82,95%CI=0.49-1.37）,敏感性分析显示Meta分析结果稳定,可信度较高。结论：中国汉族人群5-HT2A受体基因1438A/G多态性与海洛因依赖之间不存在关联性。     

5-羟色胺受体基因多态性与海洛因依赖的关系

目的獉獉:探讨5-HT1A受体基因(5-HTR1A)-1019C/G、5-HT1B受体基因(5-HTR1B)-681G/C、5-HT6受体基因(5-HTR6)-267C/T的多态性与海洛因依赖易感性的关系。方法獉獉:用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术,检测70例海洛因依赖者(轻度依赖者、重度依赖者)和108例健康对照者的3个基因位点的基因型。结果獉獉:海洛因轻度依赖组和重度依赖组、依赖组和对照组之间3个位点的基因型和等位基因频率均无显著性差异。结论獉獉:没有证据表明5-HTR1A-1019C/G、5-HTR1B-681G/C和5-HTR6-267C/T的多态性与海洛因依赖易感性有关。     

5-羟色胺转运体基因启动子区多态性与海洛因依赖的关联分析

目的:探讨云南省汉族海洛因依赖患者5-羟色胺转运体基因启动子区多态性(5-HTTLPR)和海洛因依赖的关联关系。方法:采用病例-对照研究设计,运用聚合酶链式反应检测云南省217例海洛因依赖者和102例正常对照的5-HTTLPR。探讨5-HTTLPR与海洛因依赖是否相关。结果:海洛因依赖和正常对照两组间基因型频率及等位基因频率分布无显著性差异。结论:5-HTTLPR的基因多态性与海洛因依赖无统计学关联,5-HTTLPR可能不是海洛因依赖的易感基因。     

GABA受体基因多态性与海洛因依赖的相关性研究进展

海洛因依赖受遗传基因和环境的相互作用。γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)是脑内主要抑制性神经递质。现有研究表明GABA受体参与海洛因依赖的发生与发展过程,故GABA受体基因值得作为海洛因依赖遗传易感相关的候选基因予以评价。本文综述近年来对GABA受体基因多态性与海洛因依赖相关性研究的进展情况。     

5-HT_(1A)受体激动剂类抗抑郁药的研究与开发

综述5-HT1A-受体激动剂抗抑郁作用的机制及其新产品的研究与开发。5-HT1A受体激动剂通过激动突触后膜 的5-HT1A受体,负反馈抑制海马5-HT能神经元上的自主受体而发挥抗抑郁作用,克服了传统抗抑郁药的滞后效应。     

5-HT1A受体C（-1019）G基因多态性与抑郁症相关性研究进展

大量研究证实,5-羟色胺(5-HT)系统功能的降低和神经传递的减少是导致抑郁症等精神疾病的发病机制之一。近年来研究发现,一种新的功能性5-HT1A受体C(-1019)G基因多态性通过影响5-HT的神经传递,在抑郁症、焦虑症、抑郁焦虑相关的人格障碍及其他相关精神疾病(如广场恐怖症、精神分裂症、物质应用障碍等)的发病机制中起着重要的作用。并与部分三环类抗抑郁药、5-羟色胺重摄取抑制剂等的效应应答个体差异有着密切的关系。本文仅就该方面的研究进展作一简要综述。     

5-羟色胺5-HT_(2C)受体激动剂抑制吗啡依赖小鼠纳洛酮诱导的戒断行为

目的观察5-羟色胺2C受体(5-HT2CR)激动剂WAY对吗啡依赖小鼠纳洛酮诱导戒断症状的防治作用,探讨5-HT2CR在吗啡成瘾导致的躯体依赖中的作用。方法采用Etho Vision动物行为分析系统观察5-HT2CR激动剂WAY对正常小鼠自发活动的影响;剂量递增法诱导小鼠吗啡依赖模型,观察WAY对吗啡依赖小鼠纳洛酮诱导戒断症状的影响。结果 WAY(0.5、0.75、1.0 mg·kg-1,i.p.)对小鼠自发活动没有明显影响。慢性吗啡诱导依赖小鼠运动距离、速度和跳跃等行为活动增加。WAY(0.5、0.75、1.0 mg·kg-1)和可乐定(0.2 mg·kg-1,i.p.)对吗啡依赖小鼠纳洛酮催促出现的打洞、跳跃、清理皮毛、站立、"湿狗"样抖动、摇头、清理脸部、抓挠戒断症状有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05)。结论药物激活5-HT2CR可明显的抑制吗啡依赖小鼠纳洛酮催促的戒断症状。5-HT2CR可能是潜在的治疗吗啡躯体依赖、渴求和复吸的靶点。     

5-HT_(1A)受体拮抗剂WAY-100635的合成

2-氨基吡啶和2-氯乙酰氯经酰胺化、与N'-(邻甲氧基苯基)哌嗪缩合、氢化铝锂还原得4-(邻甲氧基苯基)-1-[2-[(2-吡啶基)氨基]乙基]哌嗪,再与环己甲酰氯缩合得到5-HT1A受体拮抗剂WAY-100635,总收率35%。     

5-HTR2A-1438A/G、COMTVal158Met、MAOA-LPR、5-HTTVNTR、DATVNTR与男性海洛因依赖共患反社会性人格障碍的关联研究

目的:探讨5-HTR2A受体基因(5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2 Agene,5-HTR2A)-1438A/G多态性(5-HTR2A-1438A/G,rs6311)、儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶基因(catechol-O-methyltransferase gene,COMT)Val158Met多态性(COMTVal158Met,rs4680)、单胺氧化酶A基因(monoamine oxidase Agene,MAOA)启动子区可变数目串联重复序列(variable number of tandem repeats,VNTR)多态性(称为MAOA多型变异区段,MAOA-linked polymorphic region,MAOA-LPR))、多巴胺转运体基因(dopamine transporter gene,DAT)外显子15靠近3′端的可变数目串联重复序列多态性(DATVNTR)、5-HT转运体基因(5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene,5-HTT)内含子2内可变数目串联重复序列多态性(5-HTTVNTR)及以上各位点之间的交互作用与男性海洛因依赖共患反社会性人格障碍有无关联。方法:采用病历对照关联分析,应用聚合酶链式反应和连接酶检测反应(polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction,PCR-LDR)技术检测588例男性海洛因依赖者(其中共患反社会性人格障碍者311例,不共患反社会性人格障碍者277例)和194例健康男性5-HTR2A-1438A/G、COMTVal158Met、MAOA-LPR、DATVNTR、5-HTTVNTR多态性的基因型,对各位点的基因型频率、等位基因频率及各位点之间的交互作用进行疾病关联分析。结果:共患反社会性人格障碍的男性海洛因依赖者与健康男性间,共患与不共患反社会性人格障碍的男性海洛因依赖者间在5-HTTVNTR的基因型和等位基因频率上均有统计学差异,携带10次重复序列(10-repeats,10R)等位基因的个体共患海洛因依赖和反社会性人格障碍风险相对较大。经MDR分析,在男性海洛因依赖者中,HTTVNTR与DATVNTR的二因模型子对反社会性人格障碍的预测准确度最大,符号检验有统计学差异,校正后P值为0.067,接近显著性差异。携带5-HTTVNTR等位基因10R和/或携带DATVNTR等位基因9R的个体共患反社会性人格障碍的风险相对较大,而当个体的5-HTTVNTR基因型为纯合的12R/12R且DATVNTR基因型为纯合的10R/10R时,共患反社会性人格障碍的风险相对较小。结论:5-HTTVNTR、5-HTTVNTR与DATVNTR的交互作用与男性海洛因依赖共患反社会性人格障碍相关联。     

HTR2A A-1438G/T102C polymorphisms predict negative symptoms performance upon aripiprazole treatment in schizophrenic patients

Rationale  Aripiprazole acts as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and D3 and serotonin 1A receptors and as an antagonist at serotonin 2A receptors (HTR2A). Since aripiprazole acts as an antagonist at HTR2A, genetic variants of HTR2A may be important in explaining variability in response to aripiprazole. Objectives  This study investigated whether the efficacy of aripiprazole can be predicted by functional HTR2A A-1438G/T102C polymorphisms (rs63311/rs6313) as modified by clinical factors in Han Chinese hospitalized patients with acutely exacerbated schizophrenia. Materials and methods  After hospitalization, the patients (n = 128) were given a 4-week course of aripiprazole. Patients were genotyped for HTR2A A-1438G/T102C polymorphisms via the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Clinical factors such as gender, age, duration of illness, education level, diagnostic subtype, and medication dosage were noted as well. The researchers measured psychopathology biweekly, using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). A mixed model regression approach (SAS Proc MIXED) was used to analyze the effects of genetic and clinical factors on PANSS performance after aripiprazole treatment. Results  We found that the GG/CC genotype group of HTR2A A-1438G/T102C polymorphisms predicts poor aripiprazole response specifically for negative symptoms. In addition, the clinical factors, including dosage of aripiprazole, age, duration of illness, and diagnostic subtype, were found to influence PANSS performance after aripiprazole treatment. Conclusions  The data suggest HTR2A A-1438G/T102C polymorphisms may predict negative symptoms performance upon aripiprazole treatment in schizophrenic patients as modified by clinical factors.     

5-HT1A和5-HT2A/2C受体在粉防己碱增强戊巴比妥钠睡眠中的介导作用

前期研究表明粉防己碱增强戊巴比妥钠诱导的催眠作用与5-HT系统相关。本研究采用戊巴比妥钠（45 mg/kg,i.p.）诱导的小鼠翻正反射消失和恢复实验方法,对粉防己碱与不同5-HT受体在增强戊巴比妥钠诱导睡眠中的相互作用进行了探讨。结果表明粉防己碱分别与选择性5-HT1A受体拈抗剂p-MPPI（1 mg/kg,i.p.）,选择性5-HT2A/2C受体拮抗剂ketanserin（1.5 mg/kg,i.p.）合用可以显著增强戊巴比妥钠诱导的催眠作用。选择性5-HT1A受体激动剂8-OH-DPAT（0.1 mg/kg,s.c.）或5-HT2A/2C受体激动剂DOI（0.2mg/kg,i.p.）能够显著减少戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠时间,而粉防己碱（60 mg/kg,i.g.）可以显著拮抗这种睡眠抑制作用。此结果提示,粉防己碱增强戊巴比妥钠诱导的催眠作用可能与5-HT1A受体和5-HT2A/2C受体有关。     

A Search for New 5-HT1A/5-HT2A Receptor Ligands. In Vitro and in vivo Studies of 1-[ω-(4-Aryl-1-piperazinyl)alkyl]indolin-2(1H)-ones

A series of 1-[ω-(4-aryl-1-piperazinyl)alkyl]indolin-2(1H)-one derivatives 2–14 was synthesized in order to obtain ligands with a dual 5-HT_1A/5-HT_2A activity. The majority of those compounds ( 2–5, 7, 10–13 ) exhibited a high 5-HT_1A (K_i = 2 – 44 nM) and/or 5-HT_2A affinity (K_i = 51 and 39 for 5 and 7 , respectively). Induction of lower lip retraction (LLR) and behavioral syndrome and inhibition of these efects evoked by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl-amino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) were used for determination the agonistic and antagonistic activity, respectively, at 5-HT_1A receptors. The 5-HT_2A antagonistic activity was assessed by the blocking effect on the head twitches induced by (±)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) in mice. Two of the tested compounds, 1-{3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]propyl}-6-fluoroindolin-2(1H)-one ( 5 ) and 1-{3-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]propyl}indolin-2(1H)-one ( 7 ), demonstrated a high 5-HT_1A/5-HT_2A affinity and an in vivo antagonistic activity towards both receptor subtypes.     

3-(ω-Aminoalkyl)-5,5-dialkyl(or spirocycloalkyl-1′,5-)hydantoins as New 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A Receptor Ligands

A series of new 3-(ω-aminoalkyl)-5,5-disubstituted hydantoins, containing 1-phenylpiperazine, 1-(o-methoxyphenyl)piperazine or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline fragments, were synthesized by standard alkylation procedures and their 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_2A receptor affinities were determined. It has been shown that the investigated derivatives are recognized by 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_2A receptors due to the presence of a 1-arylpiperazine fragment; however, the terminal hydantoin moiety plays an important role in stabilization of the receptor-ligand complex. It has also been found that the two 1-phenylpiperazine derivatives 32 and 36 are new, selective 5-HT_2A receptor ligands (K_i = 34 and 37 nM, respectively), whereas the derivative of 1-(o-methoxyphenyl)piperazine ( 38 ) is a new, highly potent 5-HT_1A receptor ligand (K_i = 0.51 nM) with a moderate affinity for 5-HT_2A receptors (K_i = 213 nM).     

Differences in agonist-independent activity of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors revealed by heterologous expression

5-Hydroxytryptamine 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_2C receptors share many properties, including a common ability to stimulate phospholipase C. Traditionally, this activation was thought to be initiated only after agonist binding, in accordance with the ternary complex model of receptor function. Recently, though, the 5-HT_2C receptor was shown to deviate from this tenet by spontaneously isomerizing into the active receptor state, thereby activating G proteins in the absence of agonist. To determine if 5-HT_2A receptors share this property of constitutive activity, 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_2C receptor function was evaluated in transiently transfected NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. In 3T3 cells expressing 5-HT_2C receptors, agonist-independent phosphatidyl inositol hydrolysis was substantially elevated relative to mock-transfected cells. In contrast, expression of the 5-HT_2A receptor at the same density caused only a marginal increase in basal signaling. Control experiments in the current and previous papers establish that basal activity does not reflect contaminating serotonin. In addition, the magnitude of serotonin-induced signaling was the same in cells expressing either receptor, suggesting that the intrinsic ability of the two receptors to couple to G proteins is comparable. These data indicate that the 5-HT_2A receptor has a much lower intrinsic ability to spontaneously adopt or maintain the active receptor conformation than does the closely related 5-HT_2C receptor.

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Received: 25 August 1998 / Accepted: 30 October 1998     

Cerebral cortical 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors of morphine tolerant-dependent rats

The effect of chronic administration of morphine to rats on 5-HT₁ and 5-HT₂ receptors in the cerebral cortex was determined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted subcutaneously with 6 pellets of morphine (each containing 75 mg of morphine free base) during a 7 day period. Animals which served as controls were implanted with placebo pellets. The procedure for implantation of pellets produced a high degree of tolerance to and physical dependence on morphine in the rat. The tolerance to the analgesic and hyperthermic effects of morphine was demonstrated by decreased responses in the rats implanted with morphine pellet in comparison to the placebo-treated controls. The physical dependence was shown by the greater weight loss after removal of the pellet in the rats implanted with morphine pellets when compared to rats implanted with placebo pellets. The pellets were removed (withdrawn) and, after 6–8 h, the rats were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex was isolated. In another experiment the pellets were left in place (tolerant-dependent rats). The 5-HT₁ and 5-HT₂ receptors were characterized by using [^3H]5-HT and [^3H]spiroperidol as the ligands and unlabelled 5-HT and ketanserin, respectively, to determine non-specific binding. The [^3H]5-HT bound to 5-HT₁ receptors on membranes from the cerebral cortex of rats implanted with placebo pellets, at a single high affinity site, with a B_max of 102 ± 10 fmol/mg protein and a K_d of 6.02 ± 0.98 nM. Implantation of morphine pellets, followed by removal of the pellets resulted in a 50% increase in the B_max value of [^3H]5-HT but the K_d values did not change. In rats from which the pellets were not removed, the B_max and K_d values of [^3H]5-HT in placebo- and morphine-treated groups did not differ. [^3H]Spiroperidol bound to 5-HT₂ receptors on cortical membranes of rats implanted with placebo pellet at a single high affinity site with B_max and K_d values of 131 ± 5 fmol/mg protein and 0.22 ± 0.01 nM, respectively. The implantation of pellets of morphine followed by removal of the pellets did not alter the characteristics of 5-HT₂, receptors, however in rats with the pellets in place, the B_max for 5-HT₂ receptors in placebo- and morphine-treated groups did not differ but the K_d values were much smaller in morphine-treated rats compared to rats implanted with placebo pellets. It is concluded that the development of tolerance to, and physical dependence on, morphine by implantation of pellets results in up-regulation of 5-HT₂ receptors whereas in morphine-abstinent rats there is a selective up-regulation of 5-HT₁ receptors on the membranes in the cerebral cortex.     

A 5-HT1A agonist and a 5-HT2c antagonist reduce social interaction deficit induced by multiple ethanol withdrawals in rats

Rationale. Repeated withdrawals from chronic forced ethanol exposure sensitize animals to withdrawal-induced deficits in social interaction behavior. The deficits in social interaction behavior following withdrawal from continuous ethanol exposure can be reduced following acute treatments with 5-HT_2C antagonists or 5-HT_1A agonists. Objectives. The present study investigated whether prior treatment with these serotonergic agents during early withdrawals in rats subjected to repeated withdrawals from ethanol exposure would ameliorate the social interaction deficits observed following the final withdrawal. Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to three cycles of 5 days forced ethanol (7%, w/v), with 2 days of control diet after the first and second cycles. Drugs were administered IP 4 h after removal of ethanol on the first and second cycles but not the third in one group and 4.5 h after removal of ethanol on the third cycle in another. The social interaction test was performed 5 h after removal of ethanol on the third cycle. Drugs tested included SB-242084, a 5-HT_2C antagonist; buspirone, a 5-HT_1A partial agonist; WAY-100635, a 5-HT_1A antagonist; ketanserin, a 5-HT_2A antagonist; ritanserin, a mixed 5-HT_2A/2C antagonist; and Ro-601075, a 5-HT_2C agonist. Results. Both SB-242084 and buspirone reduced ethanol withdrawal-induced deficits in social interaction when given either acutely 30 min before the test or at 4 h after withdrawal from the first and second cycles. WAY-100635 and ketanserin were completely ineffective regardless of mode of treatment. In contrast, the 5-HT_2C agonist, Ro-601075, accentuated the withdrawal-induced deficit in social interaction behavior in rats exposed to either 4.5 or 7% ethanol diet. Conclusions. These results support the utility of 5-HT_1A agonists and 5-HT_2C antagonists in reducing anxiety-like behavior induced by ethanol withdrawal and reducing the adaptive changes associated with repeated withdrawals. Electronic Publication     

Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of CNS Agents,Part 25: 4,6-Di(heteroaryl)-2-(N-methylpiperazino)pyrimidines as New,Potent 5-HT2A Receptor Ligands: A Verification of the Topographic Model

A series of new 4,6-di(heteroaryl)pyrimidines containing an N-methylpiperazino group ( 6 – 13 ) or an ethylenediamine chain ( 15 – 20 ) in position 2 were synthesized and their 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_2A receptor affinities were determined. It was shown that the substituent effects on the 5-HT_2A affinity are additive and could be described quantitatively. In a behavioral model it was also demonstrated that 6 – 11 are 5-HT_2A receptor antagonists. The molecular modelling results suggested that the distances between the basic nitrogen atom and the two aromatic centers (d₁ = 5.2?8.4 Å, d₂ = 5.7?8.5 Å, and d₃ = 4.6?7.3 Å) define the molecular topography of the 5-HT_2A receptor antagonists under study.     

5-HT_(2A)受体对延髓面神经后核内侧区呼吸节律的调控作用

目的探讨5-HT2A受体在延髓面神经后核内侧区(the medial region of nucleus retrofac-ialis,mNRF)对呼吸节律调控的作用。方法仿Suzue方法制作新生大鼠含有舌下神经根及mNRF的离体延髓脑片标本,以吸附电极记录舌下神经根呼吸节律性放电活动(the respiratory rhythmicdischarge activity,RRDA)并作为呼吸活动的指标,采用全细胞膜片钳记录模式在mNRF同步记录呼吸神经元。分别观察1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane(DOI)、ketanserine对mNRF呼吸起步神经元及RRDA的影响。结果DOI可显著使呼吸周期缩短、放电峰值增加,ketanserine使呼吸周期延长、放电峰值降低;DOI可使Cd2+非敏感性呼吸起步神经元发放幅度、时间、spike的频率显著增加,ketanserine则使其显著减少;voltage steps(电压阶跃)和ramps(斜坡电压法)表明ketanserine可抑制Cd2+非敏感性呼吸起步神经元的短暂性和持久性的钠电流。结论5-HT2A受体...