缬沙坦对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏氧化应激的影响

目的观察缬沙坦干预治疗后糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激的变化,探讨缬沙坦保护肾脏的部分机制。方法以链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病大鼠模型,缬沙坦干预治疗10周,观察大鼠糖代谢、肾功能及肾皮质内丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果糖尿病大鼠糖化血红蛋白、血尿素氮、24h尿总蛋白、尿白蛋白定量(24h)、24h尿量、肾皮质MDA含量显著升高;肾皮质SOD活性显著降低。缬沙坦干预治疗组上述指标改善,差异有统计学意义。结论氧化应激参与了糖尿病肾病(DN)的发病过程,缬沙坦对DN的治疗作用部分是通过抗氧化实现的。     

黄连素对 2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用

目的:观察黄连素对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用。方法:采用STZ诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型,给予黄连素0.1g/kg·d治疗12周,检测各组血糖、胰岛素、血脂、肾皮质丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并观察尿白蛋白排泄量及肾组织病理改变。结果:与糖尿病组相比,黄连素治疗组血糖、胰岛素、TG、TC、LDL-c均下降,而HDL-c升高;肾皮质SOD活性明显升高,MDA含量显著下降;尿白蛋白排泄量明显减少,肾脏组织病理改变明显减轻。结论:黄连素可以明显改善2型糖尿病大鼠的肾脏损害,延缓糖尿病肾脏病变的发生和发展。     

氧化应激在糖尿病肾病中的意义及吡格列酮干预研究

目的观察糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织中氧化应激水平,探讨氧化应激在糖尿病肾病中的作用及吡格列酮干预效果。方法采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导糖尿病模型。24只大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、糖尿病组(DM组)、吡格列酮干预组(3mg·kg-1.d-1,DT组),每组8只。12周末,测定各组相关生化指标。运用比色法检测肾皮质中丙二醛(MDA)的含量、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-ZnSOD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。结果与NC组相比,DM组和DT组血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素氮、血肌酐、肾质量/体质量和尿蛋白定量(24h)值差异有统计学意义。DM组与NC组比较,肾皮质Cu-ZnSOD、CAT活性明显降低(P<0.01),MDA含量明显增加(P<0.01)。DT组与DM组比较,血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素氮、血肌酐值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),肾质量/体质量和尿蛋白定量(24h)明显降低(P<0.05);肾皮质CAT和Cu-ZnSOD活性增加(P<0.05),肾皮质MDA含量降低(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织中氧化应激水平升高,在糖尿病肾病发病机制中起重要作用。吡格列酮可能通过抗氧化作用改善糖尿病大鼠肾脏损害。     

牛膝多糖对糖尿病肾脏保护作用的研究

目的:观察牛膝多糖对实验性糖尿病(DM)大鼠肾脏的保护作用及对转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达的影响.方法:用链尿佐菌素(STZ)诱发、建立糖尿病大鼠模型,通过牛膝多糖干预治疗,观察糖代谢(血糖、胰岛素)、肾功能、血及肾组织的TGF-β1表达等指标的变化.结果:①牛膝多糖治疗组与糖尿病未治疗组比较明显降低DM大鼠血糖、尿素氮、尿总蛋白(24h)及微量白蛋白,升高胰岛素水平,抑制肾皮质TGF-β1表达.②肾脏TGF-β1表达量与尿总蛋白(24 h)、尿白蛋白(24 h)浓度呈显著正相关.结论:牛膝多糖具有减少尿微量白蛋白排出、血尿素氮浓度、减少肾脏TGF-β1表达的作用;牛膝多糖有防治糖尿病肾病(DN)的作用,其防治DN及保护肾功能的作用与其降低肾脏TGF-β1表达有关.     

吡格列酮对STZ糖尿病大鼠肾组织氧化应激的影响

目的观察不同剂量盐酸吡格列酮对STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾组织氧化应激的影响。方法 STZ腹腔注射建立糖尿病大鼠模型。成模糖尿病大鼠随机分为模型组和不同剂量吡格列酮组,并设正常对照组,干预8周后检测肾皮质MDA含量,SOD活性,肾组织NADPH氧化酶亚单位p22phoxmRNA和p47phox mRNA表达。结果各吡格列酮组较模型组MDA含量,p22phox mRNA和p47phox mRNA表达明显降低,SOD活性明显升高(P<0.05)。结论吡格列酮可抑制STZ糖尿病大鼠肾脏NADPH氧化酶表达,降低肾脏氧化应激水平,并具有一定的剂量依赖性,该作用可能与其肾脏保护部分有关。     

羟苯磺酸钙对2型糖尿病模型大鼠肾脏氧化应激的影响

目的 :观察羟苯磺酸钙对2型糖尿病模型大鼠肾脏氧化应激的影响。方法 :将大鼠分为正常对照组、糖尿病组、羟苯磺酸钙组 ,比较各组大鼠肾组织中丙二醛 (MDA )含量、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -PX)活性 ,同时观察血糖、肾功能和肾脏形态的变化。结果 :与糖尿病组比较 ,羟苯磺酸钙组肾脏MDA含量明显下降 ,SOD、GSH -PX活性显著上升 ,肾功能和肾脏形态均明显改善。结论 :羟苯磺酸钙通过抑制氧化应激反应对2型糖尿病模型大鼠肾脏产生保护作用。     

α-硫辛酸对糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激及细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨氧化应激在糖尿病大鼠肾脏细胞凋亡中的作用以及α-硫辛酸的肾保护作用.方法 腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病模型,并将糖尿病大鼠分为糖尿病非干预组(DM组)、α-硫辛酸干预组(LA组),非糖尿病正常大鼠作对照(NC组),每组10只.12周时检测肾皮质中丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性;原位末端标记(TUNEL)法检测肾脏细胞凋亡,免疫组化法检测半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)的表达.结果 与NC组相比,DM组肾皮质MDA含量显著升高(P<0.01),SOD活性显著下降(P<0.01);肾脏凋亡细胞数及Caspase-3表达均显著增加(P<0.01).α-硫辛酸干预后可改善上述指标(P<0.01).结论 糖尿病可引起肾脏高水平的氧化应激和过度的细胞凋亡.α-硫辛酸通过抑制氧化应激和下调Caspase-3的表达来干预细胞凋亡发挥肾保护作用.     

交泰丸对2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢及肾脏保护作用的实验研究

目的:探讨交泰丸对于2型糖尿病大鼠(T2DM)糖脂代谢及肾脏保护作用。方法:采用尾静脉注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)同时喂养高脂饮食的方法建立大鼠T2DM模型,将大鼠随机分为模型组、交泰丸组、二甲双胍组、正常对照组,给予相应药物治疗8周,分别称取大鼠体质量以及肾湿重,检测空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、血脂(TC、TG、HDL-C、LDLC、NEFA)、血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、氧化应激相关指标(MDA、SOD、T-AOC)水平,肾脏组织TG含量,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),光镜下观察肾脏组织病理变化。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体质量、肾湿重、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、血脂(TC、TG、LDL-C、NEFA)、血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、肾脏组织TG含量、MDA水平均升高,HDL-C、SOD、T-AOC水平下降,肾脏组织结构紊乱,可见脂肪沉积;与模型组比较,各治疗组体质量、肾湿重、FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、血脂(TC、TG、LDL-C、NEFA)、肾脏组织TG含量降低,肾功能及氧化应激相关指标好转,肾脏组织病理学变化改善。结论:交泰丸能够有效改善2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢,并对早期肾脏损害有保护作用,推测其机制可能与改善氧化应激有关。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯治疗大鼠糖尿病肾病

目的观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）对糖尿病大鼠肾脏损害的治疗作用及其对糖尿病大鼠肾氧化应激的影响和血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy)含量的改变。方法采用链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导大鼠糖尿病模型。糖尿病大鼠30只随机分为模型组、治疗组Ⅰ和治疗组Ⅱ，每组10只，同时选择正常大鼠10只作为正常对照组。大鼠糖尿病模型成型4周后，治疗组Ⅰ和治疗组Ⅱ分别给予EGCG溶液2.5 和5.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1，正常对照组和模型组大鼠腹腔注射等量的0.1 mol·L^-1柠檬酸缓冲液，12周时收集24 h尿液，并尾部静脉取血，处死全部大鼠。检测生化指标、抗氧化指标及血浆Hcy含量变化。结果糖尿病大鼠12周时肾质量指数显著增加，肾脏的抗氧化能力显著降低且氧化应激增强，血浆Hcy的含量升高。经EGCG治疗后糖尿病大鼠肾质量指数降低，抗氧化能力和肾脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性提高，丙二醛(MDA)显著降低，血浆Hcy 的含量降低。结论EGCG可显著提高糖尿病大鼠肾脏的抗氧化能力和降低氧化应激，并降低血浆Hcy的含量，对糖尿病大鼠肾脏具有保护作用。     

槲皮素对糖尿病大鼠氧化应激及TGF-β1/CTGF的影响

目的:探讨槲皮素(QE)对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠氧化应激及转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)/结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)信号通路的影响。方法:腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导糖尿病模型,模型成功后随机分为3组:糖尿病肾病组(DN组),槲皮素治疗组(QE组,100 mg·kg-1·d-1),卡托普利阳性对照组(CAP组,10 mg·kg-1·d-1)。另设正常对照组(NS组)。治疗12周,观察治疗期间及治疗后大鼠一般状况、血糖、24 h尿白蛋白、肾脏指数、肌酐、尿素氮,测定血清中总抗氧能力(T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)的水平;免疫组化方法观察肾皮质中CTGF的表达水平;RT-PCR方法检测肾皮质中TGF-β1mRNA的相对含量;透射电镜观察肾脏超微结构的变化。结果:造模3组均出现糖尿病及肾脏损害,与DN组相比,槲皮素组大鼠血糖、尿白蛋白、肌酐和尿素氮水平明显降低(P<0.01);T-AOC,T-SOD,GSH活性显著提高、MDA水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);肾皮质CTGF的表达明显减少(P<0.01);肾皮质中TGF-β1mRNA的相对含量明显降低(P<0.01);电镜显示:与DN相比,槲皮素组大鼠系膜细胞增生程度减轻,基底膜厚度均匀,足突融合减轻。结论:槲皮素可提高DN大鼠的抗氧化水平、抑制肾皮质TGF-β1/CTGF的表达,对DN具有防治作用。     

葛根素对糖尿病大鼠肾脏非酶糖基化和氧化应激的抑制作用

目的 研究葛根素对糖尿病大鼠氧化应激反应和非酶糖基化的抑制作用。方法糖尿病大鼠用葛根素治疗后，评价葛根素对糖尿病大鼠的非酶糖基化终末期产物、氧化应激及。肾脏结构的影响。结果与对照组比较，糖尿病大鼠糖化血清蛋白(GSP)、糖基化终末期产物-肽链(AGE-P)、。肾小球AGEs含量及肾小球截面积明显上升，同时丙二醛(MDA)显升高，而葛根素治疗组可明显降低糖尿病大鼠GSP、AGE-P、MDA含量，明显降低。肾小球内AGE含量及肾小球截面积。结论葛根素能抑制糖尿病大鼠肾脏非酶糖基化和氧化应激。     

糖尿病并发症相关性氧化应激的实验研究

目的链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导大鼠1型糖尿病模型的基础上,探讨糖尿病氧化应激指标的变化。方法采用一次性腹腔注射STZ的方法,监测不同时点大鼠的空腹血糖、体质量及血浆中的丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等指标,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果大鼠注射STZ 72h后血糖值达到成模标准,并逐渐出现糖尿病表现,观察7周,始终满足成模标准,未见转复。DM组大鼠肾脏及肝脏肥大指数较CON组显著增加。氧化应激相关指标测定表明,较对照组相比,实验组大鼠血浆中脂质过氧化产物MDA水平显著升高,而SOD水平显著下降。结论本实验Ⅰ型糖尿病模型大鼠造模成功且模型稳定,氧化应激指标改变。     

Protective effect of sun ginseng against diabetic renal damage

The effect of sun ginseng (SG, heat-processed Panax ginseng C. A. MEYER at 120 degrees C) on diabetic renal damage was investigated using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The diabetic rats showed loss of body weight gain, and increases in food and water intake and urine volume, while the oral administration of SG at a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight/d for 15 d attenuated water intake and urine excretion induced by diabetes. In addition, the diabetic rats given SG at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight showed significant decreases in serum glucose, serum glycosylated protein and urinary protein levels, suggesting that SG improves the abnormal conditions that lead to oxidative stress. Furthermore, SG significantly reduced advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels elevated in the kidneys of diabetic rats. This implies that SG would alleviate the oxidative stress under diabetes through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. SG also reduced the overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the kidney induced by hyperglycemia via deactivation the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. Furthermore, treatment with SG decreased the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, carboxymethyllysine and receptors for AGE which increase under diabetes. These findings indicate that oxidative stress is increased in the diabetic rat kidney and that SG can prevent renal damage associated with diabetes by attenuating the oxidative stress.     

替米沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏肾素受体表达的影响

目的：研究替米沙坦对链脲佐菌素糖尿病大鼠肾脏肾素受体表达的影响。方法：18只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组（N组）、糖尿病组（DM组）、替米沙坦组（T组）。大鼠左下腹腔注射链脲佐菌素60mg·kg-1建立糖尿病模型。测定第4，8周尿蛋白。8周后心脏取血检测血糖、血肌酐、血钠、血钾；取肾脏行PAS染色观察病理改变；免疫组化检测肾脏肾素受体表达水平；RT—PCR检测肾脏肾素受体mRNA表达水平；western blot检测肾素受体表达情况。结果：4周和8周时DM组大鼠24h尿蛋白较N组显著升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），T组24h尿蛋白与DM组相比明显降低（P〈0．01）；DM组8周时肾小球损伤指数明显高于N组（P〈0．05），T组则明显低于DM组（P〈0．05）；免疫组化、RT—PCR以及Westernblot检测显示T组肾素受体表达较DM组显著降低（P〈0．05），而N组和DM组肾素受体表达没有明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：替米沙坦可能部分通过抑制肾素受体的表达减轻早期糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤。     

The comparison of vitamin C and vitamin E on the protein oxidation of diabetic rats

1 We measured the plasma glucose and the glycosylated haemoglobin at the time of sacrifice in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mellitus (DM) rats. 2 In diabetic rats, plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin was increased as compared with normal rats, and vitamin E inhibited the increase of glycosylated haemoglobin level but vitamin C had no effect. 3 The peroxidized proteins and lipids from the diabetic organs such as liver or kidney were measured to assess the oxidative damage. The 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazine (DNPH) incorporation method was used to measure the peroxidized protein. In diabetic rats, DNPH incorporation was increased as compared with normal rats and vitamin E also inhibited the increase of DNPH incorporation but vitamin C had no effect. It suggests that the protein oxidation occurred on the liver in diabetic rats and the oxidative stress is general in the diabetic condition. 4 We measured the systolic arterial pressure and mean arterial pressure in normal rats, nephrectomy (NEPH)-rats, diabetic rats (DM), and NEPH-diabetic rats (NEPH-DM). Blood pressure was significantly increased in DM and NEPH-DM as compared with normal rats. 5 In conclusion, plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and the oxidation of proteins or lipid were increased in diabetic rats. Vitamin E decreased the plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and the oxidation of proteins and lipid, but vitamin C had no effects.     

Renal protection of in vivo administration of tempol in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of tempol on renal function and the underlying mechanism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into the model group (without tempol) and tempol group (1 mM tempol in drinking water for 6 weeks). Nondiabetic rats were served as the Control group. The mRNA expression of canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and type IV collagen (Col IV) were examined. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in renal tissues were measured to assess redox status in kidneys. We found that tempol significantly reduced 24-h urine output and urine albuminuria excretion in the diabetic rats. Compared with the model group, the concentration of MDA was significantly lower in the tempol group. In addition, diabetes decreased activities of SOD and GSH-Px and these responses were prevented by tempol treatment. Moreover, in diabetic rats, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and Col IV were upregulated. TRPC6 mRNA expression level was down-regulated in diabetic kidneys. However, all of these diabetic effects were significantly suppressed by tempol treatment. These results suggest that chronic treatment of diabetic rats with tempol can protect kidneys, possibly by reducing expression of TGF-β1, Col IV, and upregulating TRPC6 expression level.     

Therapeutic potential of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3) against streptozotocin-induced diabetic renal damage in rats

The inhibitors of advanced glycation endproduct and oxidative stress, as well as N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists have received considerable interest because of their close association with renoprotective effects. The therapeutic potential of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3) (20(S)-Rg(3)), isolated from Panax ginseng, against streptozotocin-induced diabetic renal damage, was investigated in this study. The diabetic rats received 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight/day of 20(S)-Rg(3) orally via gavage for fifteen consecutive days. The physiological abnormalities such as increases in water intake and urine volume of diabetic rats were significantly decreased by the 20 mg/kg body weight of 20(S)-Rg(3) administration. The elevated serum glucose, glycosylated protein, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels in diabetic rats were also significantly reduced by the 20(S)-Rg(3) administrations. Moreover, the renal dysfunction of diabetic rats was significantly ameliorated by the 20(S)-Rg(3) administrations in a dose-dependent manner. These beneficial effects on diabetic renal damage were related to the inhibitory effect of 20(S)-Rg(3) against NMDA receptor-mediated nitrosative stress.     

褪黑素对实验性糖尿病肾脏氧化应激的影响

［摘要］目的观察褪黑素对糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激和过氧亚硝基阴离子（ONOO–）特异性标志物硝基酪氨酸（NT）表达的影响。方法实验动物分为糖尿病肾病组（DN组）、糖尿病褪黑素处理组（DM组）、正常对照组（NC组），8周后比较各组体重、血糖、血胆固醇、三酰甘油及肾脏丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH Px）含量，免疫组化观察各组大鼠肾组织中NT的表达。结果和DN组比较，DM组大鼠血胆固醇、三酰甘油及肾脏MDA水平显著降低（P＜0.05），抗氧化酶SOD、GSH Px活性升高（P＜0.05），NT表达明显降低。结论褪黑素可显著提高糖尿病大鼠肾脏的抗氧化能力和降低氧化应激，对糖尿病大鼠肾脏具有保护作用。     

Anti-hyperglycemic and antigenotoxic potential of Ulva rigida ethanolic extract in the experimental diabetes mellitus

An increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and insufficient antioxidant activity is known in diabetes mellitus (DM). Antioxidant compounds in the human foods or supplementary diets can be used to counteract several diseases. The analysis of micronuclei (MN) is a cytogenetic technique used to show chromosomal damage caused by clastogenic affects. The present study was designed to evaluate: (i) the effects of diabetes mellitus on bone marrow MN frequency, (ii) the effect of oral administration of Ulva rigida ethanolic extract (URE) on MN frequency produced by DM, and (iii) some hematological values in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Daily fluid and food consumptions, weekly body weights, blood glucose concentrations and serum insulin levels were also examined in the study groups during the two different administration periods. The blood glucose concentration and MN frequency have been significantly increased in diabetic rats compared with the normal rats (p < 0.0001). Especially, URE-30d group treatment in diabetic rats was significantly decreased blood glucose concentrations and MN frequency. This is the first report on the anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidative and genotoxic/antigenotoxic capacity of U. rigida in vivo. Our results suggest that URE shows strong anti-hyperglycemic and antigenotoxic effect on the genotoxicity produced by DM in rats.