乳腺癌中凋亡与细胞增殖及Rb、bcl-2、c-myc蛋白表达的关系

目的：了解人乳腺癌中凋亡与细胞增殖的关系,以及与相关基因蛋白表达的关系及其预后意义。方法：用免疫组化ＬＳＡＢ法检测了９０例乳腺标本（包括１３例良性乳腺病变和７７例乳腺癌）中Ｒｂ、ｂｃｌ２和ｃｍｙｃ的蛋白表达;并计数了癌组织中的凋亡指数（ＡＩ,ＴＵＮＥＬ法）和有丝分裂指数（ＭＩ）。结果：ＡＩ与ＭＩ呈显著的正相关（ｒ＝０８１,Ｐ＜００１）;ＡＩ、ＭＩ和Ｒｂ蛋白表达与肿瘤大小和组织学分级有关,ＡＩ、ＭＩ低和ｂｃｌ２的高表达与５年生存率有关,ｃｍｙｃ的表达仅与组织学等级有关（Ｐ＜００５）;Ｒｂ表达与ＡＩ、ＭＩ均有关（Ｐ＜００１）,而ｂｃｌ２的表达仅与ＡＩ有关（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：乳腺癌中凋亡与细胞增殖和ｂｃｌ２表达有关,提示凋亡在具有不同生长潜能的亚群的克隆性选择中发挥重要作用。Ｒｂ与凋亡的关系提示细胞凋亡与细胞周期有关。     

乳腺癌和癌前病变中细胞凋亡及其与bcl-2、PCNA表达的关系

目的：探讨细胞凋乳腺癌变过程中的作用及其与细胞增殖以及ｂｃｌ－２、ＰＣＮＡ表达的关系。方法：利用ＴＵＮＥＬ法及免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法检测５４例乳腺癌及２７例非癌病变中细胞凋亡指数（ＡＩ）以及ｂｃｌ－２、ＰＣＮＡ的表达,同时计算核分裂指数（ＭＩ）。结果：“正常”乳腺上皮、增生性导管、原位主浸润性癌的Ａ少ＭＩ分别为：０．１０％±０．１２％、０．３１％±０．４３％、０．４１％±０．２１％、０．７４％±０．５６     

食管癌变过程中p53、c-myc、bcl-2表达及其与细胞凋亡的关系

目的：探讨食管癌变过程中肿瘤抑制基因ｐ５３和癌基因ｃ－ｍｙｃ、ｂｃｌ－２的变化及其与细胞凋亡的关系。方法：采用免疫组化法（ＡＢＣ）检测２７９例食管粘膜活检组织中ｐ５３、ｃ－ｍｙｃ、ｂｃｌ－２的表达以及细胞凋亡的变化。结果：从食管正常上皮到基底细胞增生、间变和癌，ｐ５３、ｃ－ｍｙｃ、ｂｃｌ－２免疫阳性表达率及细胞凋亡发生率和细胞凋亡指数（ＡＩ）均呈升高趋势，而且在同一阶段病变，ｐ５３和ｃ－ｍｙｃ阳性表达时凋亡指数高于其阴性表达，而ｂｃｌ－２阳性表达时凋亡指数低于其阴性表达。结论：在食管癌变过程中可能有多种肿瘤抑制基因和癌基因参与，细胞凋亡在食管癌变过程中可能有重要的生物学意义。     

大肠癌和腺瘤中的细胞凋亡及其调控基因表达

目的通过观察结、直肠腺癌和腺瘤中的细胞凋亡及其调控基因ｐ５３、ｂｃｌ－２的表达状态，探讨细胞凋亡及其调控基因在大肠上皮恶性转化进程的不同阶段中的作用。方法利用ＤＮＡ缺口末端标记技术和ｐ５３、ｂｃｌ－２蛋白免疫组化染色，原位观察３２例大肠绒毛状腺瘤和３３例大肠乳头状腺癌中的凋亡细胞和ｐ５３、ｂｃｌ－２蛋白阳性表达细胞的密度与分布，以１５例非肿瘤大肠粘膜做为对照。结果腺瘤和腺癌中的凋亡细胞密度均显著高于非肿瘤粘膜（Ｐ＜０．０１）；腺瘤高于腺癌（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ｐ５３和ｂｃｌ－２蛋白的表达率和表达强度，腺癌和腺瘤高于非肿瘤粘膜（Ｐ＜０．０１），腺癌的表达强度也高于腺瘤（Ｐ＜０．０５）。腺瘤中ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达阳性组的凋亡细胞密度显著低于ｂｃｌ－２阴性组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论细胞凋亡调控异常在大肠癌发病中可能起重要作用。ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在腺瘤和腺癌中均可抑制细胞凋亡，而突变型ｐ５３蛋白可能仅在腺癌中起抑制细胞凋亡的作用。     

抗凋亡基因bcl-2在大肠癌中的表达及意义

本研究采用免疫组织化学ＳＡＢＣ法对７７例大肠癌ｂｃｌ－２进行了检测。结果表明，在７７例大肠癌中，ｂｃｌ－２阳性６７例（８７．０１％）；在作为对照的５７例癌周组织中，ｂｃｌ－２阳性占４７例（８２．４５％）；在４６例高分化的大肠癌中，比１５例低分化腺癌表达要强（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：ｂｃｌ－２在绝大部分大肠癌中都有表达，这表明其参与了大肠癌的凋亡调控，其表达与大肠癌的分化有关。     

人甲状腺髓样癌内凋亡细胞检测和bcl-2、p53及Ki-67的免疫组化研究

目的：检测甲状腺髓样癌内凋亡细胞、ｂｃｌ－２、ｐ５３和Ｋｉ－６７，探讨其与患者的预后关系。方法：在２１例甲状腺髓样癌内，用ＤＮＡ末端标记方法检测凋亡细胞和用免疫组织化学技术检测ｂｃｌ－２、ｐ５３及Ｋｉ－６７的表达。结果：在２１例甲状腺髓样癌标本中，凋亡细胞ｂｃｌ－２、ｐ５３和Ｋｉ－６７的检出率分别为８１％，１００％，６２％和７１％。ｂｃｌ－２阳性物质位于肿瘤细胞的胞浆内，少数病例则位于膜上。ｐ５３蛋白阳性主要位于胞核内，少数病例也同时见于胞浆内。Ｋｉ－６７抗原主要位于肿瘤细胞核内。本研究结果表明，ｂｃｌ－２和肿瘤细胞凋亡之间有密切关系（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ｂｃｌ－２阳性细胞检出率较高的病例，凋亡细胞检出率则较低；反之，凋亡细胞检出率则较高。ｐ５３和Ｋｉ－６７阳性细胞检出率和细胞凋亡无相关性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：ｂｃｌ－２具有抑制细胞凋亡的作用。上述各因素检测结果与患者存活率无统计学意义。ｂｃｌ－２肿瘤蛋白在甲状腺髓样癌中高表达，可作为该肿瘤的一个新的标记物，对预后的判断可能也有一定的意义     

食管癌变过程中p53,c—myc,bcl—2表达及其与细 …

探讨食管癌变过程中肿瘤抑制基因Ｐ５３５ 基因ｃ－ｍｙｃ，ｂｃｌ－２的变化及其与细胞凋亡的关系。方法：采用免疫组化法检测２７９例食管粘膜活检组织中ｐ５３－，ｃ－ｍｙｃ，ｂｃｌ－２的表达以及细胞凋亡的关系。结果：从食管正常上皮到基底细胞增生，间变和部，ｐ５３，ｃ－ｍｙｃ－ｂｃｌ－２免疫阳怀表达率及细胞凋亡发生率和细胞凋亡指数均呈升高趋势，而且在同一阶段病变，ｐ５３和ｃ－ｍｙｃ阳性地凋亡指数高于其阴性表     

胶质瘤bcd—2基因表达水平与其细胞增殖和凋亡关系的研究

目的 探讨胶质瘤细胞ｂｃｌ－２基因表达水平与肿瘤恶性程度、细胞增殖活性及凋亡程度的关系。方法 以６９例不同级别的人胶质瘤组织为研究对象,用原位杂交及免疫组化染色ＡＢＣ法分别检测ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ、ｂｃｌ－２蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原（细胞增殖活性标记物）的表达,并用３’末标记法做原位细胞凋亡检测。结果 ６４例（９２．８％）表达ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ,６０例（８７．０％）表达ｂｃｌ－２蛋白,两者的表达水平呈正     

抗凋亡基因bcl—2在大肠癌中的表达及意义

本研究采用免疫组织化学ＳＡＢＣ法对７７例大肠癌ｂｃｌ－２进行了检测。结果表明，在７７便大肠癌中，ｂｃｌ－２阳性６７例（８７．０１％）；在作为对照的５７例癌周组织中，ｂｃｌ－２阳性占４７例（８２．４５％）；在４６例高分化的大肠癌中，比１５例低分化腺癌表达要强（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：ｂｃｌ－２在绝大部分大肠癌中都有表达，这表明其参与了大肠癌的凋亡调控，其表达与大肠癌的分化有关。     

肝细胞癌及癌旁肝组织中bcl—2和p53蛋白表达与？…

目的：探讨ｂｃｌ－２和ｐ５３蛋白的表达与端粒酶活性的相关性及其与ＨＣＣ发生的关系。方法：利用端粒酶原位标记法显示端粒酶活性,采用Ｓ－Ｐ法免疫组化技术的检测ｂｃｌ－２和ｐ５３蛋白。结果：端粒酶在ＨＣＣ中的阳性率（９１．７％）显著高于癌旁肝组织（５８．３％）（Ｐ〈０．０５）,端粒酶活性强度与ＨＣＣ分化程度无关（Ｐ〉０．０５）;癌组织中ｂｃｌ－２和ｐ５３蛋白的阳性率均高于癌旁组织（Ｐ〈０．０１）;ＨＣＣ     

大肠腺瘤及癌中细胞凋亡和bcl—2,bax基因的表达

探讨细胞凋亡及其调控基因ｂｃｌ－２和ｂａｘ与大肠癌发生发展之间的关系。方法：采用Ｆｅｕｌｇｅｎ染色，ＴｄＴ酶介导的生物素化ｄＵＴＰ缺口末端标记技术和免疫组织Ｓ－Ｐ法，分别检测大肠正常粘膜、腺瘤、癌及癌旁非腺瘤性不典型增生中细胞凋亡率和ｂｃｌ－２、ｂａｘ基因的表达。     

Correlations between apoptotic and proliferative indices in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma

Aims of the present paper was to study cell death by apoptosis and cell proliferation in normal cervical biopsies, cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN) and squamous cell carcinomas of cervix (CaCx). There were each seven cases of normal cervical biopsy, CIN1 and CIN2 along with 10 cases of CIN3 and 14 cases of CaCx. Percentage of apoptotic cells and bodies (i.e. apoptotic index, AI) and mitoses (i.e. mitotic index, MI) and turnover index (TI - AI + MI) were counted in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, haematoxylin and eosin stained slides. AgNOR stain was done and mean AgNOR dots per cell was also estimated. AI, MI and TI were correlated with histology grade of CIN and invasive carcinoma cervix. Mean AI, MI, TI and AgNOR count increased from lower to higher grades of CIN. AI, MI & TI raised significantly from CIN3 to carcinomas; AI, TI & AgNOR count raised significantly from CIN1 to combined CIM2 & 3; TI & AgNOR count were high in CIN1 to CIN2; AI & TI were significantly raised in normal to CIN1. In conclusion, TI is probably more important for cell kinetic analysis of CIN and carcinoma of cervix because it reflects the frequency of two important events i.e. mitosis and cell death. Sudden increase of AI, MI, TI count from CIN3 to CaCx may indicate the possibility of genetic alteration of cells of CIN3 which induces a frank malignant transformation from CIN3 to CaCx.     

前列腺病变组织中细胞凋亡与bcl-2、bax、PCNA表达

目的　研究前列腺良、恶性病变组织中细胞增殖与凋亡及其与相关蛋白表达意义。方法　采用原位细胞凋亡标记技术 (TUNEL)及免疫组织化学ABC法对 36例前列腺癌 (PCa)、2 0例前列腺增生 (BPH)和 11例正常前列腺 (NP)组织石蜡切片bcl 2、bax、PCNA蛋白及细胞凋亡检测。结果　前列腺癌细胞凋亡指数 (AI)高于BPH和NP(P <0 0 1) ,bcl 2蛋白阳性表达者AI低于阴性者 (P <0 0 1) ,bax蛋白阳性表达者AI高于阴性者 (P <0 0 5 ) ;前列腺癌和BPH的bcl 2和PCNA蛋白阳性表达率高于NP(P <0 0 5 ) ,并随着肿瘤分级增高而增高 ;NP、BPH和前列腺癌的bax蛋白阳性表达率差异无显著性。前列腺癌细胞增殖指数 (PI)明显高于BPH(P <0 0 1) ,BPH细胞PI较NP明显增高 ,但细胞AI却显著下降。结论　细胞增殖与细胞凋亡的增加在PCa的发生和发展中起到了重要作用。在BPH的形成过程中前列腺组织细胞增殖增加而细胞凋亡减少 ,其中bcl 2和bax在细胞凋亡调节中起重要作用。     

Expression of Bcl-2 and Survivin in uterine cervical carcinogenesis and correlation between the expression and infection of HPV_(16/18)

Carcinomaofthecervixisthesecondleading causeofdeathamongwomenworldwide.Each year,anestimated500000casesarenewlydiag nosed[1].Manystudiesshowedinfectionofhu manpapillomavirus(HPV)wasoneofthemost importantetiologicfactorsforcervicalcarcinoma[24].Morethan95%ofallcervicalcarcinomas havebeenfoundtobeassociatedwithHPV(ma inlytypes16and18)[5].Thestudiesinmolec ularoncologyrecentlyshowedthatitresultedin occurrenceanddevelopmentofcervicalcarcinomasthatcarcinogenicfactorsmadeproto oncogene activatean…     

Apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis in oral tissues. Possible relevance to tumour progression

Experimental animal models have demonstrated that angiogenesis is essential for tumour progression, whilst sustained tumour growth requires a positive balance between tumour cell proliferation and cell death (apoptosis). The aim of this study was to determine the relative contribution of apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis to disease progression in the oral mucosa. Histological sections of 47 archival specimens were examined; these included four groups of oral tissues: normal mucosa (n=12), moderate dysplasia (n=11) severe dysplasia (n=6), and squamous cell carcinoma (n=18). Apoptotic cells were visualized by in-situ end-labelling of DNA, proliferative cells by staining with Ki-67 antibody, and blood vessels with von Willebrand factor (vWF) antibody. One-way analysis of variance showed that indices of apoptosis (AI), proliferation (PI), and angiogenesis (vascularity) increased significantly with disease progression from normal oral mucosa, through dysplasia, to carcinoma (p<0.0001 for every index). The increase from normal mucosa to moderate dysplasia was significant for PI and vascularity, but not for AI. In contrast, the increase from dysplasia to carcinoma was significant for AI and vascularity, but not for PI. These data suggest that disease progression in the oral mucosa is accompanied by angiogenesis and increases in both epithelial proliferation and apoptosis. Net epithelial growth results from proliferation starting earlier and proceeding at a higher rate than apoptosis.     

Senescence and apoptosis in carcinogenesis of cervical squamous carcinoma.

Senescence and apoptosis are two key mechanisms that protect against cancer development. Many cell cycle regulators, such as p14(ARF), p15(INK4b) and p16(INK4a), are important in G1 cell cycle arrest and oncogene-induced senescence. The bcl-2 protein is one of the key components that control apoptosis, while the p53 protein plays key roles in both mechanisms. The genes of these key regulator proteins are often mutated or deleted in various malignancies. It is unknown how senescence and apoptosis are regulated in one of the most common tumors of the female genital tract, cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this study the, expression of senescence, apoptosis and proliferation markers in normal cervical epithelium, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and SCC are characterized via immunohistochemical staining for p14(ARF), p15(INK4b), p16(INK4a), bcl-2, p53 and Ki-67 in tissue microarray blocks containing 20 samples each of normal cervix, moderate-to-severe cervical dysplasia (CIN II-III) and invasive SCC. Samples are derived from 60 total cases of cervical biopsies and cervical conizations. Results showed that the proliferation marker, Ki-67, is markedly increased, and the senescence markers, p15(INK4b), p16(INK4a) and p14(ARF) are overexpressed in both dysplasia and carcinoma. P53 immunostain is negative in all normal cervical tissue, and positive in dysplasia and carcinoma. Although the expression of bcl-2 is increased in dysplasia, this marker is negative in approximately half of SCC cases. These results suggest that some senescence pathways are activated and are still maintained in cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. However proliferation is increased and carcinogenesis is not thwarted, leading to eventual development of cervical cancer. Other mechanisms, such as those that account for the apparent overexpression of p53 and paradoxical loss of bcl-2 expression in some SCC cases, as well as additional senescence and apoptotic pathways, may play key roles carcinogenesis of cervical SCC.     

Morphogenesis of nonpolypoid colorectal adenomas and early carcinomas assessed by cell proliferation and apoptosis

Nonpolypoid neoplasms, as well as ordinary polypoid tumours, are occasionally found in the colorectum. To clarify whether cell kinetic status affects the macroscopic morphology of colorectal neoplasms, we investigated proliferative indices (PI), apoptotic indices (AI), and the expression of apoptosis-related gene products. We examined 110 colorectal neoplasms comprised of 36 polypoid, 38 flat elevated and 36 depressed tumours. According to WHO’s criteria these tumours consisted of 61 adenomas with low grade dysplasia (LGD), 30 adenomas with high grade dysplasia (HGD) and 19 carcinomas with submucosal invasion. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining. Proliferating cells and apoptosis-related gene products were assessed by immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2, and Bax antigens. AI were closely associated with macroscopic morphology in adenomas but not in carcinomas. PI were relatively constant among the three macroscopic types in adenomas and carcinomas. Median AI values of polypoid, flat elevated and depressed tumours were 1.8%, 2.1% and 4.6% for adenomas with LGD, 0.8%, 2.4% and 6.2% for adenomas with HGD and 2.9%, 4.0% and 3.6% for carcinomas, respectively. Overall PI were significantly higher in carcinomas than in adenomas with LGD, whereas AI were not different. Although the incidence of expression was significantly higher in carcinomas for p53 and in adenomas for Bcl-2 than the others, the expression of apoptosis-related gene products (p53, Bcl-2 and Bax) was similar among polypoid, flat elevated and depressed tumours. Macroscopic morphology of colorectal adenomas is determined by the apoptosis not by proliferation, and high apoptosis found in depressed adenomas implies their low net growth. Received: 1 July 1999 / Accepted: 17 January 2000     

L-精氨酸对高肺血流量大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

探讨L－精氨酸（L－Arginine,L-Arg）对高肺血流量所致肺动脉高压平滑肌细胞增殖与凋亡的干预作用。18只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、分流组和分流＋L精氨酸（L－Arg）组。对分流组和分流＋L－Arg组大鼠行腹主动脉－下腔静脉分流术。观察术后11周大鼠肺动脉平均压（mPAP)和右心室肥厚的改变，采用免疫组织化学方法研究肺动脉平滑肌细胞PCNA和Fas的表达，并通过原位缺口末端标记方法（TUNEL）检测大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞的凋亡。结果表明分流组大鼠mPAP、右心室（RV）与左心室加室间隔（LV＋S）的比值，肺中、小型动脉平滑肌细胞增殖指数（PI），凋亡指数（AI），PI／AI比值明显高于对照组大鼠（P＜0．05），同时，分流后肺动脉平滑肌细胞Fas表达增高。然后，分流＋L－精氨酸组大鼠mPAP、RV／LV＋S明显低于分流组（P＜0．05及0．01）。并且L－Arg减少了肺中、小型动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖，促进了凋亡（P＜0．01），wviycL-Arg组大鼠PI／AI比值较分流组明显降低（P＜0．01），同时，L－Arg使分流大鼠肺平滑肌细胞Fas表达明显增强。以上结果提示，L－精氨酸通过抑制肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖，促进其凋亡，从而对同肺血流量所致肺动脉高压的形成有重要的调节作用。