MNA-SF在老年高血压患者营养评价中的应用研究

目的探讨简易营养评价精法在老年高血压患者中运用的可行性。方法利用MNA-SF量表对老年高血压患者的营养状况做调查。结果 MNA-SF量表结果显示,营养不良者占11%,营养正常者占89%。结论 老年高血压患者仍存在营养不良的现象,应加强护理和健康教育。MNA-SF在老年高血压患者的营养评价中有一定的实用价值。     

Complications associated with the treatment of haemophiliacs with inhibitors

To examine the safety profile of products used to treat inhibitor patients unresponsive to factor VIII, a review of published clinical experience was performed. The products evaluated were activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCCs), such as AUTOPLEX® T, porcine factor VIII and recombinant activated factor VII (rVIIa). Safety characteristics included potential for transmission of infectious agents, anamnesis, thrombogenicity, thrombocytopenia and allergic reactions. While viral transmission has been virtually eliminated, the risk is theoretically higher with plasma-derived products such as aPCC and porcine factor VIII than with rVIIa, although contamination of cultured cells is a concern. Anamnesis occurs with aPCCs and porcine factor VIII, and may induce resistance to further therapy with porcine factor VIII. Thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are very infrequently reported in patients exposed to aPCCs and rVIIa, and never with porcine factor VIII. The latter is occasionally associated with thrombocytopenia, but this uncommonly limits treatment with this agent. Lastly, allergic reactions occur with about equal frequency with all products, but anaphylaxis is mainly a concern after administration of porcine factor VIII. In conclusion, products currently available are reasonably safe. Considerations such as efficacy, availability, ease of administration and cost must also be considered in making treatment choices.     

Complications associated with the treatment of haemophiliacs with inhibitors

To examine the safety profile of products used to treat inhibitor patients unresponsive to factor VIII, a review of published clinical experience was performed. The products evaluated were activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCCs), such as AUTOPLEX® T, porcine factor VIII and recombinant activated factor VII (rVIIa). Safety characteristics included potential for transmission of infectious agents, anamnesis, thrombogenicity, thrombocytopenia and allergic reactions. While viral transmission has been virtually eliminated, the risk is theoretically higher with plasma-derived products such as aPCC and porcine factor VIII than with rVIIa, although contamination of cultured cells is a concern. Anamnesis occurs with aPCCs and porcine factor VIII, and may induce resistance to further therapy with porcine factor VIII. Thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are very infrequently reported in patients exposed to aPCCs and rVIIa, and never with porcine factor VIII. The latter is occasionally associated with thrombocytopenia, but this uncommonly limits treatment with this agent. Lastly, allergic reactions occur with about equal frequency with all products, but anaphylaxis is mainly a concern after administration of porcine factor VIII. In conclusion, products currently available are reasonably safe. Considerations such as efficacy, availability, ease of administration and cost must also be considered in making treatment choices.     

Clinical experience with duodenum-preserving total resection of the head of the pancreas with pancreaticocholedochoduodenostomy

The results of duodenum-preserving total resection of the head of the pancreas (DpTRHP) in 20 patients were compared with the results of pylorus-preserving pancreatico-duodenostomy (PpPD), a procedure in conventional use for the treatment of benign diseases, in 19 patients. The mean operative time for DpTRHP was 4.5±0.9 h, this being not significantly different from that for PpPD, whereas the mean intraoperative blood loss with DpTRHP (825±508ml) was significantly less than that with PpPD (1382±798 ml) (P<0.05). The morbidity and mortality rates of patients treated with DpTRHP were 25% and 0%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the two surgical treatment groups for these values. The outcome of treatment with DpTRHP was excellent, as was that of PpPD, in terms of the frequency of early gastric stasis, the duration of hospital stay, the patient's capacity for taking food, gaining weight, and working, and the performance status 6 months postoperatively. Thus, DpTRHP, which entails the least extent of resection of the head of the pancreas compared to other currently employed procedures and enables the operator to accomplish reconstruction of the pancreatic and biliary systems without resecting or interrupting the continuity of the digestive tract, was not attended by any serious complications, while, digestive tract function was well preserved, and satisfactory results were produced.     

Experience with the treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obsidan and isoptin

Forty-five patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were examined clinically and echocardiographically. The results of their treatment with obsidan and isoptin in relation to various types of central hemodynamic disorders are presented. The data have been obtained making it possible to treat patients differentially with regard to the form of the disease. The treatment of this category of patients requires the echocardiographic monitoring of the parameters of the central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility.     

Assessment of the association of morbidity due to parasitic diseases with the inoculation of the environment with their pathogens

The paper gives a conceptual design of field parasitological studies of the association of the inoculation of the environment with the pathogens of parasitic diseases with their spread among humans. The design includes 6 stages that reflect their object, the problems to be solved, guidelines, and expected results. It is of great importance in defining a factorial (environmental) risk for infection with the causative agents of parasitoses and in substantiating and implementing measures to protect the environment from pollution and to prevent parasitic diseases in man and animals.     

Examination of the gastric fundus with the fibergastroscope

Summary A preliminary report of a new technic for examining lesions of the fundus of the stomach and the cardioesophageal junction is presented. This is accomplished by the formation of a half loop with the fiber gastroscope under fluoroscopic guidance. Good views of fundal lesions were obtained in 5 of 7 patients after standard fiber gastroscopy had failed.     

Post-stroke deprsession with the relationship of the lesion

目的 探讨脑卒中患者病变部位与发生抑郁的关系.方法 对304例脑卒中患者进行抑郁自评量表(SDS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)以及中国脑卒中临床神经功能缺损程度量表(CSS)评定,分为抑郁组与非抑郁对照组,同时进行头颅CT或MRI检查,调查相关因素.结果 不同病变部位抑郁发生率比较:左半球(38.13％)高于右半球(22.40％,P＜0.05),前半球(38.46％)高于后半球(20.66％,P＜0.05),基底节(34.03％)与皮层(32.94％)比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),CSS评分:抑郁组[(11.720±10.154)分]高于非抑郁组[(8.910±7.140)分,P＜0.05].结论 脑卒中患者发生抑郁可能与病变部位、神经功能缺损程度有一定关系.     

Reliability of the ejection fraction determined with the nuclear stethoscope. Comparison with angiocardiography

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the Ejection Fraction values simultaneously obtained with the Nuclear Stethoscope and with Cineangiography, in 25 patients (17M-8W) subjected to diagnostic cardiac catheterization. In all patients the determination of Ejection Fraction with the Nuclear Stethoscope always preceded the Cineangiography. Ejection Fraction values obtained with Nuclear Stethoscope change from 32 to 75%; those calculated with Cineangiography, between 18 and 88%. The average Ejection Fraction values obtained with Nuclear Stethoscope (59 +/- 13%) doesn't differ significantly from Cineangiography (59 +/- 21%). There was a direct relationship between Ejection Fraction determined by the Nuclear Stethoscope and Cineangiography (r = 0.93; p less than 0.001). In the obtained results the Authors point out that the Ejection Fraction with Nuclear Stethoscope gives assurance in most patients, although in some particular conditions Nuclear Stethoscope provides Ejection Fraction values which differ from those obtained with Cineangiography. They conclude that Nuclear Stethoscope, for its safe, repeating and simple application, is a methodology of useful employment for Ejection Fraction determination in the single patient, which allows a correct definition of the prognosis and a conforming therapeutic strategy.