异种脱细胞真皮与自体表皮复合移植病人的护理

对83例异种(猪)脱细胞真皮与自体表皮复合移植病人临床护理进行总结.提出术前准备和心理护理、复合移植后植皮区体位护理和创面护理、预防感染、加强营养以及复合移植成活后皮肤护理是其主要内容.     

人工真皮与自体表皮细胞复合移植的研究

目的 探索覆盖三度烧伤切痂创面的新方法。方法 酸溶解法提取鼠尾腱Ｉ型胶原，与６－硫酸软骨素混合，制成人工真皮。该人工真皮灭菌后，移植于兔背部全层皮肤缺损创面，外用辐照猪皮覆盖保护。移植后２周，去除表面的辐照猪皮，移植自体表皮细胞，外用辐照猪具保护。结果 制成的人工真皮为半透明薄膜，内部为有孔的网状结构。移植于兔全层皮肤缺损创面后２周，人工真皮已被血管化，复合移植后２￣４周，表皮细胞已分化增殖使创面     

自体网状皮片与异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质复合移植的临床应用

目的：探讨1：3自体网状皮片与异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质复合移植的可行性。方法：选择9例烧伤及瘢痕患者，在Ⅲ度烧伤创面行切痂术或瘢痕切除术后的创面上移植异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质，摊平固定后，在支架上再植1：3网状自体刃厚皮片，表面再覆盖辐照猪皮。结果：9例复合移植皮肤全部成活，临床效果满意。结论：1：3自体网状刃厚片可以与异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质复合移植，同时将自体皮扩增3倍，成活后的复合网状皮片有相当于中厚皮片或者全厚皮片移植的效果。     

异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮复合移植的临床应用

目的：观察基底良好的深度创面用异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮复合移植的临床疗效。方法：2000年1月-2002年2月用异种（猪）真皮基质与自体薄片复合移植（二步法）修复基底良好的深度创面52例。结果：37例（71.1%）植皮完全成活，15例（28.9%）植皮95%以上成活，无一例补植皮。随访3-6个月复合移植皮肤颜色、质地基本接近于正常皮肤，瘢痕增生不明显。结论：异种（猪）真皮基质可推广应用于修复基底良好的深度创面的复合移植。     

脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮复合移植修复创面

目的　研究应用脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮复合移植修复创面的临床效果。　方法　 2 0 0 0年 7月～2 0 0 2年 8月 ,应用脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮构成的复合皮对 34例头颈、躯干及四肢等部位的创面进行修复 ,创面最小5 cm× 10 cm,最大 12 cm× 19cm,其中陈旧性肉芽创面 2例 ,巨大色素痣切除创面 4例 ,皮肤广泛毛细血管瘤切除后创面 6例 ,瘢痕切除后创面 2 2例。观察移植皮片的成活率及愈后皮片色泽、功能情况。　结果　临床应用 34例 ,术后移植复合皮全部成活 ,30例获 3个月～ 2年随访 ,移植皮片颜色与周围正常肤色接近 ,皮片柔软 ,瘢痕增生不明显 ,功能改善显著。　结论　脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮复合移植较单纯自体表皮移植后 ,皮片质量及关节部位功能上均有明显改善 ,尤其适合于四肢创面修复。     

不同种属脱细胞真皮与自体皮复合移植的比较性研究

目的　观察不同种属脱细胞真皮基质 (acellulardermalmatrix,ADM)与自体皮复合移植的效果 ,为异种ADM的临床应用提供理论依据。　方法　本地产白色小猪 6头 ,分为异种 (人 )ADM +自体刃厚皮组 (A组 )、同种异体 (猪 )ADM +自体刃厚皮组 (B组 )、单纯自体刃厚皮组 (C组 )及单纯自体中厚皮组 (D组 )。观察术后 2、4、8、12、2 4周内移植物存活率 ,以及移植皮片收缩程度、移植区组织学变化等情况。　结果　A、B组移植后皮片外观光滑、有弹性 ;两组均获得了满意的皮片成活率 ,并可迅速诱导成纤维细胞、血管内皮细胞等宿主修复细胞的长入 ;两组移植皮片收缩面积有大于C、D组的趋势 (P <0.0 5);术后 2 4周移植区组织与单纯中厚皮移植组织结构一致。　结论　在观察期内(复合移植后 2 4周 ) ,与自体皮复合移植时 ,同、异种ADM具有相近的生物学作用 ,异种来源的ADM可能具有更广阔的应用前景     

异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与头皮薄皮片复合移植

目的探索异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与头皮薄皮片复合移植在整形修复方面应用的可行性.方法将制备好的异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质移植于烧伤切痂、肉芽及瘢痕切除的创面上,4～5 d后再移植自体头皮薄皮片,并观察其成活率,以及创面修复后的质量.结果 15例25个创面,脱细胞真皮基质的成活率(96.40±2.60)%,头皮薄皮片的成活率(97.44±3.50)%,创面愈合后皮肤的颜色与正常皮肤近似,外观平整,弹性良好,无明显的瘢痕增生,相当或接近于自体大张中厚皮片移植的修复效果.结论异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与自体头皮薄皮片复合移植,成活率高,整复效果较为满意,头皮供区可反复供皮而不留瘢痕及影响头发生长,是修复深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后创面的可行手术方法.     

脱细胞异体真皮与自体薄皮片移植的研究与应用

目的为深度烧伤创面的修复寻求良好的覆盖材料。方法采用固定剂对异体皮肤细胞外基质固定交联,再用胰蛋白酶和 EDTA 鳌合剂去表皮,保留基底膜,用 DNA 酶、RNA 酶和化学制剂对真皮内可引发宿主细胞识别反应的细胞成分进行处理,保留完整的基底膜和细胞外基质的形态,制成网状“脱细胞异体真皮”。结果通过动物实验(纯种 Wister 大鼠)证明移植成活率高,无排斥反应,组织学观察术后8周形状结构完整,炎性反应消失,12周钉突与脱细胞真皮结合良好,胶原排列整齐。37例烧伤病人Ⅲ度创面和瘢痕切除后,进行脱细胞真皮 自体薄皮片(8‰英寸)移植。成活率平均为96.2％±3.4％。创面收缩轻,外观平整,色较深,触软,功能良好。结论脱细胞同种真皮 薄自体皮移植是修复烧伤深度创面比较理想的材料。     

脱细胞异体真皮与自体薄皮片移植的研究与应用

目的为深度烧伤创面的修复寻求良好的覆盖材料。方法采用固定剂对异体皮肤细胞外基质固定交联，再用胰蛋白酶和ＥＤＴＡ鳌合剂去表皮，保留基底膜，用ＤＮＡ酶、ＲＮＡ酶和化学制剂对真皮内可引发宿主细胞识别反应的细胞成分进行处理，保留完整的基底膜和细胞外基质的形态，制成网状“脱细胞异体真皮”。结果通过动物实验（纯种Ｗｉｓｔｅｒ大鼠）证明移植成活率高，无排斥反应，组织学观察术后８周形状结构完整，炎性反应消失，１２周钉突与脱细胞真皮结合良好，胶原排列整齐。３７例烧伤病人Ⅲ度创面和瘢痕切除后，进行脱细胞真皮＋自体薄皮片（８‰英寸）移植，成活率平均为９６．２％±３．４％。创面收缩轻，外观平整，色较深，触软，功能良好。结论脱细胞同种真皮＋薄自体皮移植是修复烧伤深度创面比较理想的材料。     

异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质移植后炎症免疫反应的实验研究

目的：研究异种（猪）脱细腻真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植后炎症反应的变化规律及对Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响。方法：将异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植于大鼠，分别于移植后1，2，3，4，8，12，16周取标本，采用组织学观察及RT-PCR技术动态检测异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质复合移植后炎症反应及Th1/Th2细胞因子的变化，同时以单纯薄自体皮移植作对照。结果：异种（猪）脱细胞真皮与薄自体皮复合移植后早期存在炎症反应，并随着创面愈合的进行而逐渐消失，Th2细胞因子的表达明显高于对照组。结论：异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质仍具有一定的免疫原性，Th2细胞因子的高表达说明机体对异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质的免疫反应主要以体液免疫为主，也可能是异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质移植后未被排斥的原因之一。     

无细胞异种真皮基质与自体薄皮片移植9例

以切除瘢痕控制瘢痕增生与组织等寻求良好的覆盖材料。切除瘢痕后 ,移植无细胞异种真皮基质 ,7～10天再植自体薄皮片。使创面无渗血、无感染 ,同时保证术区的制动及固定 ,包扎时有一定的压力。成功率高、无排斥反应、创面愈合平坦、颜色淡红、表面光滑、外观平整、触软、皮肤可捏起、功能良好。无细胞异种真皮基质与自体薄皮片移植是比较理想的材料     

无细胞异种真皮基质与自体薄皮片移植9例

以切除瘢痕控制瘢痕增生与组织等寻求良好的覆盖材料.切除瘢痕后,移植无细胞异种真皮基质,7～10天再植自体薄皮片.使创面无渗血、无感染,同时保证术区的制动及固定,包扎时有一定的压力.成功率高、无排斥反应、创面愈合平坦、颜色淡红、表面光滑、外观平整、触软、皮肤可捏起、功能良好.无细胞异种真皮基质与自体薄皮片移植是比较理想的材料.     

脱细胞异体真皮与自体瘢痕薄皮复合移植的临床应用

目的:为大面积深度烧伤后期继发瘢痕挛缩、功能障碍且皮源不足的患者寻求比较理想的治疗手段.方法:切开松解功能区孪缩的瘢痕组织,将脱细胞异体真皮与自体大张瘢痕薄皮复合移植覆盖创面,加压固定包扎.结果:5例患者12个创面中,除一个创面皮片部分坏死外,余均成活.术区平整、柔软,所植皮片挛缩轻,无瘢痕增生,功能恢复良好.结论:脱细胞异体真皮 自体瘢痕薄皮复合移植是目前修复大面积深度烧伤患者功能部位创面,实现功能重建的有效方法.     

Full thickness skin graft versus split thickness skin graft in paediatric patients with hand burns: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Our objective was to compare the outcomes of full thickness skin grafts versus split thickness skin grafts in paediatric hand burn patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines, and an electronic search was conducted to identify all Randomised Controlled Trials and non-randomised studies comparing the outcomes of full thickness skin grafts versus split thickness skin grafts in paediatric hand burn patients. Primary outcomes included development of post-graft contracture and the necessity for surgical release. Secondary outcomes consisted of evaluation of function, cosmesis and colour, scar and feeling, hair growth, and other complaints. For the analysis, fixed effects modelling was applied. Results: ten non-randomised trials with a total of 532 grafts were found. Full thickness skin grafts exhibited a statistically significant decrease in the development of post-graft contracture (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.35, P = 0.0001) and later surgical releases (OR = 0.06, P = 0.00001). For secondary outcomes, full thickness skin grafts outperformed split thickness skin grafts in post-operative functional ability. However, split thickness skin grafts, showed to be superior in scar, aesthetic, and colour assessments, and less hair growth was observed for split thickness skin grafts. No significant difference was seen in sensation and donor or recipient site complaints. Overall, full thickness skin grafts are a better alternative for paediatric hand burns than split thickness skin transplants because they are linked with reduced post-graft contracture and the requirement for surgical release.     

异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植的临床应用

目的:探讨异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面及其愈合后皮肤的外形和功能。方法:应用异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片组成复合皮移植,以自体刃厚皮片移植作为对照,采用一步移植法治疗切痂后大面积深度烧伤创面及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损共56例患者60处创面,观察术后皮片的成活情况、外形及功能恢复情况并随访。结果:60处创面全部愈合,移植皮片生长良好,瘢痕增生不明显,未见明显挛缩,皮肤弹性较好。在6～12个月的观察期内,自体刃厚皮片与异体脱细胞真皮基质复合移植后,功能和形态优于单纯自体刃厚皮片移植;随访2年复合移植未发现明显的排异反应。结论:异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面愈合良好,无瘢痕增生,皮肤外观功能满意,无排异反应。     

Retrospective study of the application of acellular dermis in reconstructing full‐thickness skin defects

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the acellular dermis' utility in reconstructing full‐thickness defects after scar contracture releasing and giant nevus resection. From the year 2012 to 2014, 18 consecutive patients underwent composite graft (thin autograft and alloderma) transplantation. Among these patients, 16 patients suffered from burned scar contracture in the upper extremities, and two young cases were met with giant nevus on the upper extremity. Ten of 13 adult cases with upper extremity scar affection were chosen for a comparative study. Twenty hands were randomly allocated into group A and group B. The thick autograft was used to repair one upper extremity in group B, and the composite grafts were used to cover the other upper extremity in group A. Besides appraisal of the recipient sites' function and aesthetics, donor sites were also estimated after a mean of 12 months' follow‐up through the Vancouver Scar Score Scale. After evaluation in the above comparative study through the Vancouver Score Scale, in the recipient evaluation, no statistical difference was found in the pigmentation score between two groups, while statistical difference was achieved in other aspects (vascularity, pliability, height). In the donor site's evaluation, statistical difference was established between the two groups in all facets. One adult patient was dissatisfied with the hypertrophic scar on the donor site, and about almost a half of the area became a hypertrophic scar in the recipient site. No atrophic change occurred; one little girl, suffering from large nevus, was operated on by removing nearly the whole giant nevus on the upper limb. Unfortunately, she presented with finger tip necrosis occurring. The finger tip was not ultimately preserved and was repaired with an abdomen flap. Acellular dermal matrix is an excellent option and a useful tool for reconstructing large full‐thickness skin defects after releasing burned scar contracture and removing giant nevus. With thin‐skin graft meshed, a donor site's presentation brings courage to patients, while recipient sites can reach nearly the same elasticity and function compared to thick‐grafted skin.     

An objective long-term evaluation of Integra (a dermal skin substitute) and split thickness skin grafts,in acute burns and reconstructive surgery

Introduction

The field of wound healing and tissue repair has advanced rapidly in the last decade, with this there is an increasing emphasis on the importance of the functional and cosmetic outcomes following injury. Integra artificial skin is the most widely used synthetic skin substitute and is reported to have better outcomes in relation to the appearance and elasticity when compared to split thickness skin grafting (SSG). A review of the literature reveals very few trials that are based on an objective evaluation of Integra treated scars as compared to SSGs. This research aimed to provide objective data on the long-term outcome of Integra.

Method

All adult patients from the Welsh Burns Centre who had been successfully treated with Integra ± SSG were invited to attend a clinic for a follow up provided they had been healed for greater than one year. The hypothesis that Integra scars are more pliable than skin grafts was tested objectively using the Cutometer, a suction device which measures skin elasticity.

Results

Of the 13 patients eligible, six were available for assessment. The results of this study suggest that Integra treated sites correlate well with normal skin as measured by the Cutometer. This was statistically significant for the parameters Ur/Ue (elastic function) and Ur/Uf (gross elasticity). On the other hand there was no correlation seen between the patients SSG sites and the patient's normal skin.

Conclusion

With advances in medicine we are increasingly able to modulate wound healing and the resultant scars. In order to assess new and often costly treatments the need for objective scar measurement tools have become apparent. Integra has been advocated to improve scarring from injury. However, there have been few studies to evaluate the long-term outcome of Integra as compared to traditional methods such as SSG. In the past scar evaluation has been based on subjective scores by patients and clinicians. Now the mechanical properties of the skin can be evaluated using simple bioengineering methods such as the Cutometer Suction Device. Using this device our study has objectively demonstrated that the elastic properties of areas treated with Integra is comparable to normal skin.     

Vacuum‐assisted closure instill as a method of sterilizing massive venous stasis wounds prior to split thickness skin graft placement

Patients with massive venous stasis ulcers that have very high bacterial burdens represent some of the most difficult wounds to manage. The vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) device is known to optimise wound bed preparation; however, these patients have too high a bacterial burden for simple VAC application to facilitate this function. We present the application of the VAC with instillation of dilute Dakins solution as a way of bacterial eradication in these patients. Five patients with venous stasis ulcers greater than 200 cm² that were colonised with greater than 10⁵ bacteria were treated with the VAC instill for 10 days with 12·5% Dakins solution, instilled for 10 minutes every hour. Two patients had multi‐drug‐resistant pseudomonas, three with MRSA. All the five had negative quantitative cultures, prior to split thickness skin graft with 100% take and complete healing at 1 year. Adequate delivery of bactericidal agents to the infected tissue can be very difficult, especially while promoting tissue growth. By providing a single delivery system for a bactericidal agent for a short period of time followed by a growth stimulating therapy, the VAC instill provides a unique combination that appears to maximise wound bed preparation.     

Use of split thickness plantar skin grafts in the treatment of hyperpigmented skin-grafted fingers and palms in previously burned patients

Palmar and finger burns are often seen in children, and are usually as a result of contact burns. Some patients with deep hand burns are treated with full-thickness or split-thickness skin grafts. Skin graft is commonly used for hand reconstruction. However, the grafted skin would be more pigmented than the adjacent skin and different from skin texture.19 patients who showed hyperpigmentation after skin graft of finger and palm were treated. They all were injured by hand burns. We performed mechanical dermabrasion of the hyperpigmentation scar and application of a split thickness skin harvested from medial aspect of plantar of foot. Patients were asked about their level of satisfaction with the procedure and scar appearance was assessed using a five-point Likert scale. Also scar appearances were assessed using a Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS).The grafts were completely taken in all 19 patients. The color of the graft became similar to adjacent tissue. 15 patients were very satisfied, and four patients were relatively satisfied. The average score of the patients postoperative appearance improvement was 4.5 (improved to significantly improved postoperative appearance). Average VSS score was improved from 9.53 to 2.53. There was no hypertrophic scar on plantar donor site.The technique of the split-thickness plantar skin graft after mechanical dermabrasion is simple and provided good results in both color and texture for the patients who showed hyperpigmentation after grafting.