经皮穿刺髓核切除术治疗退变性颈椎间盘突出症

目的:探讨经皮穿刺颈椎髓核切除术(percutaneouscervicaldiscectomy,PCD)治疗不同退变程度颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及对颈椎稳定性的影响。方法:对我院2000年1月￣2003年12月因退变性颈椎间盘突出症住院行PCD治疗的64例患者进行回顾性分析,椎间盘退变的程度根据MRI分为中度组(mediandegenera-tiongroup,MDG)与重度组(severedegenerationgroup,SDG),对两组手术时间、临床效果及术后颈椎稳定性等方面进行比较。结果:所有病例随访12￣40个月,两组手术均成功。MDG手术时间为13.72±1.46min,SDG为16.97±2.01min,两组间有显著性差异(P<0.01);两组术后JOA评分均显著增高,与术前比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);临床效果(Williams评价)MDG优于SDG,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两组手术后均无颈椎不稳病例发生,各手术间隙的椎体角度位移(angulardisplacement,AD)及椎体水平位移(horizontaldisplacement,HD)手术前后均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:PCD适用于不同退变程度的颈椎间盘突出症,及时手术临床疗效好;PCD对颈椎稳定性影响小,不会造成颈椎失稳的发生。     

射频消融髓核成形术治疗颈椎间盘突出症

射频消融髓核成形术是近年来开展的颈椎微创手术。我院2004年12月至2006年4月应用射频消融髓核成形术治疗颈椎间盘突出症患者46例，取得较好效果．报告如下。     

等离子髓核成形术联合臭氧治疗颈椎间盘突出症

[目的]观察低温等离子髓核成形术联合医用臭氧治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。[方法]采用随机双盲的方法,将60例符合纳入标准的颈椎间盘突出症患者进行分组,A组30例,为医用臭氧注射治疗组,B组30例,为低温等离子髓核成形术联合医用臭氧治疗组,采用VAS评分、JOA评分及Williams疗效标准,观察两组患者术后1周,术后1、3、6个月及1年的临床疗效。[结果]两组治疗前后VSA评分、JOA评分差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);组间比较,术后3、6个月,1年VSA评分、JOA评分差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),B组治疗后优良率为90%,A组治疗后优良率为73.3%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]低温等离子髓核成形术联合医用臭氧治疗颈椎间盘突出症的疗效优于单独应用医用臭氧注射。     

射频消融髓核成形术治疗颈椎间盘突出症初步临床报道

目的　寻求一种颈椎间盘突出症简单、安全、有效、微创的治疗方法。方法　对 6 2例经MRI或CT检查确诊的颈椎间盘突出症采用经皮穿刺髓核成形术 (Nucleoplasty)治疗 ,并对其疗效进行观察分析。结果　全部患者经二周至一个月短期随访 ,5 9例症状有不同程度改善 ,总有效率为 95 2 %。无一例出现脊髓、神经及大血管损伤或术后感染等并发症。结论　髓核成形术是一种先进、安全、有效的椎间盘突出微创手术 ,具有操作简单、安全、微创、疗效佳、恢复快、无需住院等优点 ,对颈椎间盘突出症患者应尽早行此手术 ,以控制相关疾病的发展     

经皮穿刺颈椎间盘髓核摘除术治疗颈椎间盘突出症

作者采用经皮穿刺行椎间盘髓核摘除的方法,治疗颈椎间盘突出症。目的是用介入的技术探索其穿刺的途径和操作方法以及治疗的效果,以便临床推广应用。结果;采用的穿刺通道是安全的,行之有效的;穿刺的成功率１００％,优良率为７５％。结论;介入技术具有局麻,安全,创伤小,不破坏颈椎后部结构,对椎管内组织无直接干扰,术后康复快等优点。因此,对适应证选择合宜者,是一种有效的治疗方法,应予推广。     

射频消融髓核成形术治疗颈椎间盘突出症初步临床报道

目的 寻求一种颈椎间肋突出症简单，安全，有效，微创的治疗方法。方法 对62例经MRI或CT检查确诊的颈椎间盘突出症采用经皮穿刺髓核成形术（Nucleoplasty)治疗，并对其疗效进行观察分析。结果 全部患者经二周至一个月短期随访，59例症状有不同程度改善，总有效率为95.2%。无一例出现脊髓，神经及大血管损伤或术后感染等并发症。结论 髓核成形术是一种先进，安全，有效的椎间盘突出微创手术，具有操作简单，安全，微创，疗效佳，恢复快，无需住院等优点，对颈椎间盘突出症患者应尽早行此手术，以控制相关疾病的发展。     

髓核成形术治疗颈腰椎间盘突出症

目的寻求一种治疗椎间盘突出症简单、安全、有效、微创的方法。方法对80例颈腰椎间盘突出症患者行经皮穿刺，应用射频消融髓核成形术（Nucleoplasty）对突出的椎间盘进行汽化消融成形治疗，并对其疗效进行随访、观察分析。结果全部患者经3个月～2年的短期随访，80例症状有不同程度的改善，总有效率为97．5％。无一例出现脊髓、神经及大血管损伤或术后感染等并发症。结论经皮低温等离子射频消融髓核成形术治疗颈腰椎间盘突出症，具有操作简便安全、疗效好、微创的优点。     

经皮穿刺颈椎髓核成形术治疗多间隙颈椎间盘突出症

目的:探讨经皮穿刺颈椎髓核成形术(percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty,PCN)治疗多间隙颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及其对颈椎稳定性的影响。方法:对我院2003年7月～2005年6月因颈椎间盘突出症住院行PCN治疗的64例患者进行回顾性研究,根据手术间隙分为两组:单间隙组(A组)34例,多间隙组(B组)30例。临床效果评价采用JOA评分标准(17分制并计算改善率),颈椎稳定性评价采用Katsumi标准。比较两组的临床效果及颈椎稳定性。结果:随访6～24个月,A组平均14.1±3.7个月,B组平均13.9±3.8个月,A组术前JOA评分为9.19±2.64分,术后为14.37±1.42分,改善率为66.3%;B组术前JOA评分为8.89±2.31分,术后为14.33±1.28分,改善率为67.1%,与术前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.001),两组患者的JOA评分改善率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两组患者术后颈椎稳定性与术前比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:PCN治疗多间隙颈椎间盘突出症效果优良,对颈椎稳定性影响小,不会造成颈椎失稳。     

经皮低温等离子髓核成形术治疗椎间盘突出症

目的探讨经皮低温等离子髓核成形术治疗椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法39例具有临床症状的颈椎间盘突出症和19例具有临床症状的腰椎间盘突出症的患者,经皮低温等离子髓核成形术治疗,各项观测指标包括患者症状的缓解率,采用改良的Macnab法分析腰椎术后疗效,手术中失血量,患者平均住院时间及并发症等。结果本组随访时间1～6个月,平均3．4个月,总的症状缓解率90．2％,Macnab法分析腰椎术后疗效优良率为79％,患者平均住院时间3d,无并发症的发生。结论低温等离子髓核成形术治疗椎间盘突出症的满意率高,住院治疗时间短,创伤小,不影响再次手术治疗。是一种安全、有效的治疗椎间盘突出症的微创治疗新方法。对颈椎或腰椎间盘突出症的患者应尽早行此手术,以控制相关疾病的发展。     

等离子髓核成形术治疗颈椎间盘突出症疗效分析

目的:探讨等离子髓核成形术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法:2003年1月～2005年8月,应用经皮穿刺等离子髓核成形术治疗颈椎间盘突出症患者42例,其中男25例,女17例,平均年龄43岁(28～55岁),病程平均33个月(2个月～19年)。对比患者手术前后及随访时疼痛视觉模拟评分(visualanalogscale,VAS)和患者对疗效主观满意度评定疗效。结果:随访3～32个月,平均18个月。术前VAS评分平均5.68±0.46分,术后第2天平均2.24±0.73分,随访时平均1.65±0.69分,术后及随访时与手术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),末次随访时主观满意度优良率88.0%。未出现脊髓、神经、大血管损伤或伤口感染等并发症。结论:等离子髓核成形术治疗颈椎间盘突出症起效快、创伤微小,近、中期疗效满意。     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty in the treatment of cervical disc herniation

Percutaneous disc decompression procedures have been performed in the past. Various percutaneous techniques such as percutaneous discectomy, laser discectomy, and nucleoplasty have been successful. Our prospective study was directly to evaluate the results of percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty (PCN) surgery for cervical disc herniation, and illustrate the effectiveness of PCN in symptomatic patients who had cervical herniated discs. From July of 2002 to June of 2005, 126 consecutive patients with contained cervical disc herniations have presented at the authors’ clinic and treated by PCN. The patients’ gender distribution for PCN was 65 male, 61 female. The age of patients ranged from 34 to 66 years (mean 51.9 ± 10.2 years). The levels of involvement were 21 cases at C3–4, 30 cases at C4–5, 40 cases at C5–6, and 35 cases at C6–7. The clinical outcomes, pain reduction and the segment stability were all recorded during this study. A clinical outcome was quantified by the Macnab standard and using VAS. The angular displacement (AD) ≥11° or horizontal displacement (HD) ≥3 mm was considered to be radiographically unstable. In the results of this study, puncture of the needle into the disc space was accurately performed under X-ray guidance in all cases. There was one case where the Perc-D Spine Wand had broken in the disc space during the procedure. The partial Perc-D Spine Wand, which had broken in the disc space could not be removed by the percutaneous cervical discectomy and thus remained there. There were no recurrent cases or complications in our series. Macnab standard results were excellent in 62 cases, good in 41 cases and fair in 23 cases. The rate of excellent and good was 83.73%. The VAS scores demonstrated statistically significant improvement in PCN at the 2-week, 1, 3, 6, and 12-month follow-up visits when compared to preoperational values (P < 0.01). There were no cases of instability following the PCN procedure. There was no significant difference in stability either preoperatively or postoperatively (P > 0.05). Our findings confirm that PCN for the treatment of cervical disc herniation results in a good outcome without any tampering of the stability of the cervical spine. Hence, PCN as a procedure is safe, minimally invasive, less traumatic, requiring less time with an excellent clinical outcome. PCN should be performed for those patients who fail conservative medical management including medication, physical therapy, behavioral management, psychotherapy, and who are unwilling to undergo a more invasive technique such as spinal surgery.     

Treatment of cervical disc herniation through percutaneous minimally invasive techniques

Purpose

The goal of this study is to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of percutaneous cervical discectomy, percutaneous cervical disc nucleoplasty, and a combination of the two for the treatment of cervical disc herniation and the effective stabilization of the cervical vertebral column.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed from February 2003 to April 2011. One hundred and seventy-one cervical disc herniation patients with a mean age of 47.8 years (ranging from 21 to 74 years) participated in the study and were treated with the three types of percutaneous minimally invasive techniques: percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD, 97 cases), percutaneous cervical disc nucleoplasty (PCN, 50 cases), and a combination of the two (PCDN, 24 cases). After treatment, the postoperative clinical results and the stability of the cervical vertebral columns of these three groups were evaluated and compared.

Results

Patients in the PCD group received follow-up care for approximately 4.1 years (ranging from 0.2 to 8.5 years), while those in the PCN group received only an average of 2.6 years (ranging from 0.3 to 7.8 years), and the PCDN group received an average of 3.3 years (ranging from 0.2 to 8 years of follow-up). According to the Japanese Orthopedic Association scoring system, the functional scores (JOA scores) differed significantly between the pre- and postoperative patients within the three groups (PCD t = 21.849, P = <0.05; PCN t = 14.503, P < 0.05; PCDN t = 8.555, P < 0.05). All patients had been successfully operated on by the same spinal surgeon team. According to the Odom criterion, the clinical outcomes were not significantly different for any of the three groups (the recovery rate using the JOA standard evaluation, F = 2.19, P = 0.116, P > 0.05). The percentages of each procedure that received either an excellent or a good rating were PCD at 81.35 %, PCN at 82.44 % and PCDN at 83.19 %. In addition, the clinical success rates among the three were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Notably, there was no postoperative instability of the cervical vertebral column in any of the patients (P > 0.05), and there was no difference in the pre- or postoperative stability of the cervical vertebral columns in each group.

Conclusions

Each group achieved good clinical outcomes with this safe, minimally invasive spinal surgery for the treatment of cervical disc herniation. In addition, no postoperative risk of cervical instability was found.     

经皮微创技术治疗颈椎间盘突出症

 目的 比较经皮颈椎间盘切除术(percutaneous cervical discectomy, PCD)、经皮颈椎间盘髓核成形术(percutaneous cervical disc nucleoplasty, PCN)与联合使用两种微创技术(percutaneous cervical discectomy and nucleoplasty, PCDN)治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及其对颈椎稳定性的影响。方法 回顾性分析 2003年 2月至 2011年 4月收治的退变性颈椎间盘突出症患者 171例。年龄 21~74岁, 平均 47.8岁。 171例患者分为三组: PCD组 97例, 男 53例, 女 44例;PCN组 50例, 男 29例, 女 21例; PCDN组 24例, 男 15例, 女 9例。比较三组的临床效果及颈椎稳定性。结果所有病例中位随访 4.1年: PCD组 4.2年, PCN组 2.6年, PCDN组 3.3年。三组手术均获成功。三组手术临床效果(JOA评分), 经手术前后配对 t检验示差异均有统计学意义(PCD: t=21.85, P 0.05)。结论 应用 PCD、PCN以及联合使用这两种微创技术的 PCDN治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效优良, 对颈椎稳定性影响小, 不会造成颈椎失稳的发生。     

椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术和靶点射频热凝术治疗包容型腰椎间盘突出症的疗效比较

目的:观察不同年龄段经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术(percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy,PETD)和靶点射频热凝术(coblation nucleoplasty,CN)对包容型腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation,LDH)的疗效,为临床制定精准化、个体化的治疗方案提供依据。方法:对2018年1月至2021年6月采用PETD和CN治疗的腰椎间盘突出症219例患者进行回顾性分析,其中PETD治疗107例,CN治疗112例,依据年龄将两种不同手段治疗的患者分为青年组(≤45岁)、中年组(>45岁且<60岁)和老年组(≥60岁)。于治疗前,治疗后3 d及1、6个月评价疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)腰痛评分,红外热成像温差值(△T)及腰椎活动度(range of motion,ROM),比较不同年龄段之间两种治疗手段的疗效差异。结果:VAS和JOA评分观察:(1)同年龄段组内比较。①同年龄段、同一治疗方法、不同时刻的VAS和JOA评分与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后均有明显改善;②同年龄段、不同治疗方法,老年组PETD治疗后VAS较CN治疗后低、JOA评分较CN后高(P<0.05),青年组及中年组患者中两种治疗方法之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)不同年龄段组间比较。①PETD治疗、不同年龄段、同一时刻比较,VAS和JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②CN治疗、不同年龄段、同一时刻比较,治疗后1、6个月老年组VAS均高于青年组和中年组(P<0.05),JOA评分均低于青年组和中年组低(P<0.05)。红外热成像温差和腰椎活动度观察:(1)同年龄段组内比较。①同年龄段、同一治疗方法△T和ROM都较治疗前显著改善(P<0.05);②同年龄段、不同治疗方法,PETD和CN治疗后△T的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),青年组和中年组ROM的差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),老年组内PETD治疗后的ROM较CN治疗后高(P<0.05)。(2)不同年龄段组间比较。①PETD治疗、不同年龄段、同一时刻比较,△T和ROM的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);②CN治疗、不同年龄段、同一时刻比较,治疗后△T差异无统计学意义,但老年组ROM小于青年和中年组(P<0.05)。结论:PETD和CN治疗包容型LDH均有较好的疗效,术后6个月内老年患者接受PETD治疗的疗效收益大于CN,CN更适用于青、中年人。     

经皮穿刺腰椎间盘切吸术配合手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效分析

目的:探讨经皮穿刺腰椎间盘切吸术(APLD)配合手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效和相关机制。方法:88例腰椎间盘突出症患者分为治疗组和对照组:治疗组48例,男34例,女14例,平均年龄(40·375±13·197)岁;腰痛46例、腰侧弯47例、直腿抬高试验阳性48例;椎间盘突出部位:L3,48个,L4,545个,L5S114个,共67个椎间盘行APLD加手法治疗。对照组40例,男32例,女8例,平均年龄(41·632±11·858)岁;腰痛40例,腰侧弯39例,直腿抬高试验阳性40例;椎间盘突出部位:L3,45个,L4,546个,L5S111个,共62个椎间盘行单纯APLD治疗。观察并比较两组疗效,分析手法对APLD的影响。结果:依据中医病证诊断疗效标准:治疗组48例中手术和手法治疗后即刻症状改善者45例(直腿抬高70°以上),占93·75%;1年后随访,痊愈41例,有效5例,无效2例,有效率95·83%。对照组40例中单纯APLD治疗后即刻症状改善31例,有效率77·50%;1年后随访,痊愈25例,有效8例,无效7例,有效率82·50%。两种治疗方法疗效有显著的统计学意义(P<0·05)。结论:APLD配合手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有有效率高、创伤小、恢复快,不干扰椎管内结构,不影响脊柱稳定性,复发率及并发症低,操作简单的优点。     

电磁导航辅助经椎间孔入路经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨电磁导航技术应用于经椎间孔入路经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术（PETD）治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症（LDH）的安全性、准确性和可行性。方法 回顾性分析2019年4月—2021年4月采用电磁导航辅助PETD治疗的L₄/L₅节段LDH患者37例,记录住院时间、住院费用及并发症发生情况,记录手术时间以分析该技术学习曲线。分别于术前、术后1 d和末次随访时采用疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评估腰腿痛程度和腰椎功能;采用健康调查简表（SF-36）评分评估患者生活质量;术后采用改良MacNab标准评定手术疗效满意度,并分析满意度为优与各项评估指标之间的相关性。结果 所有手术顺利完成,无术中转为开放手术病例,患者随访时间> 12个月。所有患者术后VAS评分、ODI较术前明显改善,且末次随访时较术后1 d进一步改善,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。术后SF-36评分8个维度评分较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。改良MacNab标准评定疗效满意度,优27例,良6例,可4例,优良率为89.2%;满意度为优与各项评估指标之间未发现相关性。结论 电磁导航辅助PETD治疗LDH安全、有效、准确、微创,提高了穿刺和减压的安全性,减少了辐射暴露及并发症的发生,其临床疗效不受患者人口学特征和术前腰腿痛程度的影响。     

经椎间孔入路经皮内窥镜下椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症

目的分析经椎间孔入路经皮内窥镜下椎间盘切除术(percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy,PETD)治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年1月~2014年6月上海开元骨科医院与第二军医大学附属长征医院骨科行PETD治疗的腰椎椎间盘突出症患者临床资料78例。记录患者住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量及卧床时间。采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)及改良Mac Nab标准评定疗效。结果所有患者顺利完成手术,术后随访15~32个月,平均21个月。手术时间38~49 min,平均42 min;术中出血量20~150 m L,中位出血量38 m L;卧床时间10 h~3 d,中位时间1 d;住院时间2~8 d,中位住院时间6 d,术后疗效满意,未发生严重并发症。术后患者VAS评分和ODI均较术前降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 PETD治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症安全、有效,短期疗效满意,具有手术时间短、出血少、恢复快等优点。     

侧卧位显微椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨后路显微椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法 手术均取侧卧位,经椎板间隙只切除黄韧带不切除椎板及其它结构,应用椎间盘镜及显微外科的技术摘除突出之髓核。临床应用113例。结果 术后所有病例均获随访,随访最长时间24个月,最短6个月,平均12个月,按Nakai标准评定,其中优107例,良6例。结论 侧卧位经椎板间隙入路行椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的手术损伤小、出血少,术后不影响脊柱稳定性,临床疗效可靠。