40例原发性醛固酮增多症手术前后血压与血液生化改变对比分析

目的：研究原发性醛固酮增多症患者血压及血液生化改变与手术效果的关系。方法：分析４０例原发性醛固酮增多症患者，其中男１７例，女２３例，年龄１８～５６岁，平均４０．３岁。对手术后病理诊断进行分类，术前术后测定血压，血钾、钠，尿钾，血浆肾素活性、醛固酮并计算醛固酮／肾素活性比值。结果：单纯腺瘤２６例，增生９例，混合５例，术后平均收缩压自２４．０±３．３ｋＰａ（１８０±２５ｍｍＨｇ）降至１７．７±１．９ｋＰａ（１３３±１４ｍｍＨｇ），平均舒张压自１５．６±２．４ｋＰａ（１１７±１８ｍｍＨｇ）降至１１．６±１．２ｋＰａ（８７±９ｍｍＨｇ），血钾自２．８±０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ升至４．１±０．４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，２４小时尿钾排泄自４９．０ｍｍｏｌ降至２９．８ｍｍｏｌ，血浆肾素活性自０．５０±０．４３ｎｇＡＩｍｌ－１／ｈ升至５．４７±２．６８ｎｇＡＩｍｌ－１／ｈ，血浆醛固酮由３８５．７±２０４．１ｐｇ／ｍｌ降至１２９．０±６１．９ｐｇ／ｍｌ，血浆醛固酮／血浆肾素活性比值由７７３．９降至４６．２。结论：原发性醛固酮增多症患者血液生化改变，对原发性醛固酮增多症诊断及术后疗效判定有重要价值。     

原发性醛固酮增多症致夹层动脉瘤猝死1例

原发性醛固酮增多症致夹层动脉瘤猝死１例辽宁省盘锦市第二人民医院（１２４０００）马万信，阎艳秋患者男性，４７岁。于１９７９年因患高血压（２４／１５ｋＰａ），低血钾（２．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），无力，尿醛固酮６９．２５ｎｍｏｌ／２４ｈ（２５ｕｇ／２４ｈ），尿钾...     

雷抑素对大鼠移植肝Kupffer细胞的影响

目的探讨肝移植术前应用雷抑素对大鼠肝Ｋｕｐｆｅｒ细胞的影响方法以ＳＤ大鼠为供受体建立原位肝移植模型．受体移植术前３ｄ连续口服１％羧甲基纤维素１ｍｌ／ｄ（对照组）或雷抑素１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ（用药组）．分别于术后１，２，３，２４ｈ采血并取肝组织，检测血清ＴＮＦ，ＡＬＴ及肝ＭＤＡ水平，观察肝超微结构及大鼠１周存活率变化．结果对照组移植术后３ｈ血清ＴＮＦ（５３ｋＵ／Ｌ±０４１ｋＵ／Ｌ），肝ＭＤＡ（４８４６ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ±２３６ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ）显著增加，ＴＮＦ表达呈强阳性；而且药组ＴＮＦ（０９ｋＵ／Ｌ±０１１ｋＵ／Ｌ）肝ＭＤＡ（３６１８ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ±１５４ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ）无明显变化，ＴＮＦ表达阴性，两者相差显著Ｐ＜００１）．电镜检查，对照组肝Ｋｕｐｆｅｒ细胞呈活化表现，而用药组肝Ｋｕｐｆｅｒ细胞呈非活化状态．对照及用药组术后１周存活率分别为０％和６０％．结论术前应用雷抑素可抑制移植肝ＴＮＦ和Ｏ２的产生，抑制Ｋｕｐｆｆｅｒ细胞活化，以减轻肝冷缺血再灌注损伤．     

新诊NIDDM人群中血浆胰岛素水平与血压的相关性

作者观察了４０１例新诊ＮＩＤＤＭ血浆胰岛素与血压的关系。血浆胰岛素较高组（ＩＮＳ２ｈ≥８２ｍＵ／Ｌ）高血压患病率为４５．８％（３３／７２），明显高于较低组（ＩＮＳ２ｈ＜８２ｍＵ／Ｌ）的２７．４％（９０／３２９），血压水平也较高（８８Ｐ１８．８±０．４ｋＰａｖｓ１７．７±０．２ｋＰａ，ＤＢＰ１２．０±０．２ｋＰａｖｓ１１．４±０．１ｋＰａ，Ｐ＝０．０００１）。多因素回归分析在排除年龄、性别、ＢＭＩ、血糖等混杂因素影响后，口服葡萄糖耐量试验（ＯＧＴＴ）２小时血浆胰岛素水平与ＳＢＰ显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），与ＤＢＰ边缘相关（Ｐ＝０．０５）。提示现行放射免疫测定的糖负荷后２小时胰岛素水平是致血压升高的独立危险因素。     

磺脲类降糖药对HIT细胞胰岛素分泌刺激作用的分子机制研究

通过对ＨＩＴ细胞的体外试验，探讨了甲磺丁脲及优降糖抑制ＡＴＰ敏感性钾离子通道和钾的外流、促进细胞外钙离子的内入和胰岛素释放的一系列分子生物学机制，并且对此两种药物的作用强度及特点进行了比较。二者与β细胞受体的亲和常数分别为０．４±０．１ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ和２．５±０．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ；抑制８６Ｒｂ＋外流的ＩＣ５０分别为０．７±＋０．５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１．９±０．８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ；促进细胞内钙离子升高的ＥＤ５０分别为０．９ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ和２．４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，刺激胰岛素分泌的ＥＤ５０则分别为１．０±０．４ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ和４．３±２．２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。ＡＴＰ－敏感性钾离子通道激动剂──二氮嗪（０．４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能在上述各个环节阻断优降糖对β细胞的作用；而钙离子通道抑制剂──尼莫地平（１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）则能在不影响８６Ｒｂ＋外流的情况下显著减低细胞内钙离子的浓度，进而抑制ＨＩＴ细胞的胰岛素分泌。表明此类药物能在不影响腺苷酸环化酶─ｃＡＭＰ系统的情况下，通过促进胰岛β细胞膜上ＡＴＰ敏感性钾离子通道的关闭，导致电压依赖性钙离子通道的开启，进而触发了细胞外钙离子的内入和胰岛素的分泌。     

高功率CO2激光心肌血运重建术治疗晚期冠心病50例临床观察

２ｈＣＰＫＭＢ轻度升高（２８±２２ＩＵ／Ｌ）,术后８ｈ（３８±２２ＩＵ／Ｌ）较术前明显升高（Ｐ＜００１）,术后２４ｈ（４０±２４ＩＵ／Ｌ）达峰值（Ｐ＜００１）,术后７２ｈ恢复正常（１６±６ＩＵ／Ｌ）。术后９６ｈ为１２±６ＩＵ／Ｌ,１２０ｈ时为１１±４ＩＵ／Ｌ,１４４ｈ时为８±２ＩＵ／Ｌ。２３　术后心绞痛的改善　术前平均心绞痛为３７±０７级,全部患者出院时（术后９～１４天）心绞痛基本消失;术后３、６、１２个月心绞痛分别为２１±０３级、１７±０３级、１７±０３级,较术前均有明…     

不同方案治疗狼疮性肾炎27例疗效观察

本文分析不同方案治疗狼疮性肾炎的近期疗效，１２例经糖皮质激素治疗后，尿蛋白由６．０９±３．０６ｇ／２４ｈ降至１．０２±０．９２ｇ／２４ｈ，血浆总蛋白从５２．０１±９．９８ｇ／Ｌ上升到６５．０３±８．９ｇ／Ｌ，好转５例（４１．６７％），无效２例（１６．６６％），死亡５例（４１．６７％）１５例小剂量比皮质激素加免疫抑制剂联合治疗后尿蛋白由６．２３±２．７３ｇ／２４ｈ降至０．９８±０．９６ｇ／２４ｈ，血浆总蛋白从５１．４０±１０．４５ｇ／Ｌ上升到６６．３２±１．１０ｇ／Ｌ，好转１０例（６６．６７％）．无效２例（１３．３３％），死亡３例（２０％）。     

二甲基硫脲对心肌细胞抗过氧化氢损伤的实验研究

为探讨二甲基硫脲（ＤＭＴＵ）保护心肌细胞抗过氧化氢（Ｈ２Ｏ２）损伤。３２瓶培养乳鼠心肌细胞随机分４组，每组８瓶：（１）对照组；（２）Ｈ２Ｏ２（５ｍｍｏｌ）组；（３）ＤＭＴＵ（２０ｍｍｏｌ）组；（４）Ｈ２Ｏ２（５ｍｍｏｌ）＋ＤＭＴＵ（２０ｍｍｏｌ）组。在３７℃、５％ＣＯ２的ＭＥＭ培养４小时。结果发现：（１）与对照组比，Ｈ２Ｏ２组乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ，Ｕ／１００ｍｌ）释放多（２８２．３８±４７．２８比７７．２５±１８．２５，Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＴＢＡ反应物（ＴＢＡＲＳ，ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇＰｒ．）产生多（２．２５±０．５３比０．７９±０．３６，Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）与Ｈ２Ｏ２组比，Ｈ２Ｏ２＋ＤＭ－ＴＵ组ＬＤＨ释放少（９９．２５±４１．８８比２８２．３８±４７．２８，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＴＢＡＲＳ产生少（０．５９±０．１８比２．２５±０．５３，Ｐ＜０．０１）；此外，我们还发现ＤＭＴＵ组超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ，μｇ／ｍｇＰｒ．）比对照组高（８．４９±３．６５比１．９２±１．４０，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＤＭＴＵ能保护心肌细胞抗Ｈ２Ｏ２损伤，机制与灭活羟自由基（·ＯＨ）、保护ＳＯＤ活性有关     

胰淀素对优降糖刺激大鼠胰岛素分泌作用的影响及其机制

目的研究胰淀素对磺脲类降糖药刺激大鼠胰岛细胞分泌胰岛素作用的影响和机制。方法用放免和荧光方法分别检测经不同浓度胰淀素温育后再行优降糖刺激试验的胰岛细胞胰岛素分泌量、细胞内Ｃａ２＋含量。结果在胰淀素５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ组中,３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ优降糖刺激下的胰岛素分泌量分别为（３８±１０）μｇ／Ｌ、（２１±１０）μｇ／Ｌ,均比对照组（４９±０９）μｇ／Ｌ低（ｔ＝２３１３,Ｐ＜００５;ｔ＝５８８７,Ｐ＜００１）;细胞内Ｃａ２＋含量为（２７０±１５）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ、（１３０±１５）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,均显著低于对照组（３３０±１８）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,并呈剂量相关性（ｔ＝７２４３,Ｐ＜００１;ｔ＝２４１４３,Ｐ＜００１）。结论高浓度的胰淀素抑制优降糖刺激胰岛β细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度增加可能是胰岛素分泌减少的机制之一。     

高血压病患者盐敏感性与高胰岛素血症之间的关系

目的：探讨高胰岛素血症（ＨＩＳ）与盐敏感性高血压病肾脏排钠障碍间的关系。方法：根据盐敏感性（盐负荷试验Ｓｕｌｉｖａｎ标准），将５３例高血压病患者分为２组：盐敏感型（ＳＳ）组２２例、盐不敏感型（ＳＲ）组３１例。测定患者在盐负荷试验中血糖和血胰岛素浓度变化，计算胰岛素抵抗。结果：ＳＳ组与ＳＲ组相比较，基础状态、盐负荷和服呋喃苯胺酸（速尿）后各时点血糖及血胰岛素变化明显（血糖：５．１２±１．２５、５．９７±１．５９、５．２１±１．２８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ比４．９６±１．１４、５．４８±１．３８、５．０７±１．２３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＞０．０５；血胰岛素：１２．４６±４．１４、３１．６８±１２．２１、１４．３５±４．４５ｍＵ／Ｌ比１０．１５±３．６２、２２．１４±８．６４、１０．８９±３．９１ｍＵ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１），ＳＳ组中胰岛素抵抗发生率显著高于ＳＲ组（６３．６％比３２．３％，Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：ＳＳ高血压病肾脏排钠障碍与高胰岛素血症有关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.