组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古抑菌素A对小鼠T细胞的影响

以环磷酰胺（CTX）作为阳性对照组，生理盐水作为阴性对照，采用不同浓度曲古抑菌素A（TSA）作用于小鼠，以荧光标记的单克隆抗体分别作用于小鼠外周血及脾脏中T淋巴细胞，流式细胞仪观察T细胞数量及CD4^＋和CD4^＋亚群的变化情况。结果TSA可以显著减少外周血及脾脏中T淋巴细胞数量，且与浓度相关，同时TSA还引起T细胞亚群CD4^＋和CD4^＋T细胞数量减少，同时也减少了CD4^＋／CD4^＋比值。本实验为应用TSA抑制T细胞的免疫应答和诱导免疫耐受提供了依据。     

CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞在食管癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞在食管癌患者免疫失效机制中的作用。方法应用流式细胞仪检测97例食管癌患者外周血和肿瘤组织的CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞比例,比较不同病理类型、不同分期、有无淋巴结转移患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞的分布变化。结果食管癌患者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞占CD4^＋T淋巴细胞的比例为（17．57±3．99）％,肿瘤组织CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞比例为（18．97±2．38）％,均高于健康对照组（P均〈0．01）。CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞比例在不同临床分期、有无淋巴结转移患者间差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。结论食管癌患者全身及肿瘤局部均存在免疫异常,CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞可能参与了食管癌的发生与发展。     

肝细胞癌患者肝脏组织中CD4+CD25+调节性T淋巴细胞的表达及意义

目的探讨CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T淋巴细胞在肝细胞癌患者肝脏组织中的表达及意义。方法利用流式细胞仪对31例肝细胞癌患者肝脏组织及末梢静脉血、15份正常肝脏组织、48名正常人末梢静脉血中的CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T淋巴细胞、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞进行定量及量化关系分析,同时对肝脏组织中CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T淋巴细胞进行定位分析。结果肝组织CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T淋巴细胞含量：肝细胞癌组肿瘤周围组织为10．8%±2．3%,远离肿瘤部位组织为4．6%±0．9%、15份正常人肝脏组织为6．0%±0．6%,肿瘤周围组织和远离肿瘤部位组织与正常对照组相比,t值分别为2．05和2．04,P值均＜0．05,差异有统计学意义。外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T淋巴细胞含量：肝细胞癌组末梢静脉血中为9．4%±1．0%,正常对照组为12．9%±1．3%,t=13．05,P＜0．01,差异有统计学意义。在肿瘤周围随着CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T淋巴细胞的增加,CD8^＋T淋巴细胞出现了减少的趋势。结论CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T淋巴细胞通过对CD8^＋T淋巴细胞的抑制参与肝癌细胞抗肿瘤免疫的作用。     

rhG-CSF动员对供者CD4+T细胞表面分子表达的影响

目的：了解重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（rhG-CSF）在动员过程中对健康供者外周血CD4^＋T淋巴细胞比例和CD4^＋T细胞黏附分子、趋化因子受体和Tac抗原表达的影响.方法：采用直接双色荧光标记和三色荧光标记通过流式细胞仪检测CD4^＋T淋巴细胞表面分子的表达.结果：rhG-CSF动员前CD4^＋T细胞在外周血单个核细胞中比例的中位数为26.34%，动员后为25.24%，动员前后差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.rhG-CSF动员使CD4^＋T细胞CD62L的表达率显著下降（P＜0.01），动员前的表达率中位数为42.72%，动员后为4.82%.动员前后CD4^＋T细胞CD44和整合素LFA 1表达率均为100%;动员前VLA-4表达率的中位数为84.49%，动员后为85.66%;动员前细胞趋化因子受体CXCR-4表达率的中位数为84.78%，动员后为86.34%;动员前CD25表达率中位数为29.72%，动员后为26.24%，rhG-CSF动员对CD4^＋T细胞LFA-1、CD44、VLA-4、CXCR-4和CD25的表达率无显著影响（P＞0.05）.结论：rhG-CSF动员造成CD4^＋T细胞CD62L的表达率显著下降。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞的变化及临床意义

目的：探讨乙肝肝硬化患者外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞含量的变化,了解乙肝肝硬化患者的免疫功能状况。方法乙肝肝硬化患者81例,并按Child-Pugh分为A、B、C三级,26例健康者作为健康对照,采用流式细胞仪检测血清中CD3＋ T淋巴细胞、CD4^＋ T淋巴细胞、CD8^＋ T淋巴细胞和NK细胞的含量。结果 Child-Pugh B级和C级的乙肝肝硬化患者外周血中CD3^＋ T淋巴细胞、CD4^＋ T淋巴细胞和NK 细胞的含量明显降低,而CD8^＋ T淋巴细胞含量升高,与健康对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,而Child-Pugh A级的乙肝肝硬化患者T淋巴细胞亚群变化不明显（P＞0．05）。结论乙肝肝硬化患者的机体免疫功能低下,并且随着其肝功能下降及Child-Pugh 分级的增加而显著,对判断乙肝肝硬化患者的病情及预后具有重要的临床价值。     

结核性与恶性胸腔积液中CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞及相关因子的检测

目的检测结核性胸腔积液及恶性胸腔积液中CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞的分布与可溶性白介素-2受体（sIL-2R）及转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）浓度，并探讨良恶性胸腔积液患者的局部免疫机制。方法47例结核性胸腔积液及34例肺癌并恶性胸腔积液患者于第1次抽液时留取胸腔积液，ELISA法检测sIL-2R及TGF-β1的浓度，Ficoll梯度离心分离单个核细胞，抗体标记后应用流式细胞仪分析CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞占淋巴细胞的比例。结果47例结核性胸腔积液与34例肺癌并恶性胸腔积液中C04^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞占淋巴细胞的比例分别为（8．74＋0．6）％、（21．1±2．3）％，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；结核性胸腔积液与恶性胸腔积液中sIL-2R浓度分别为（563．2±92．61）ng／ml，（390．12±101．12）ng／ml，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；恶性胸腔积液中TGF-β1的水平（88．4±16．7mg／L），显著高于结核性胸腔积液组（40．3±3．6mg／L），结核性胸腔积液中sIL-2R、TGF-β1浓度与CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞占淋巴细胞的比例均无明显相关关系（P〉0．05）。结论CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞，sIL-2R及TGF-β1可作为判定结核或恶性胸腔积液的辅助诊断指标。     

原发性肝细胞癌患者CD4+CD25+调节性T淋巴细胞的频率、表型及功能

目的探讨CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T淋巴细胞（CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg）在HCC患者外周血及肿瘤组织中的频率、抑制功能及临床意义。方法收集18例原发性HCC患者的PBMC、肝癌组织及相应的癌旁组织标本,以及10例CHB患者和15名健康对照的外周血标本,以三色与四色流式分析法分析PBMC以及肿瘤浸润的淋巴细胞中CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg的频率及表型,并同时分析其与HBV持续感染、肿瘤TNM分期和其他临床指标的关系,用BrdU掺入法评价CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg的免疫抑制功能。结果与健康对照组相比HCC患者、慢性HBV感染者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg频率明显上升（P＜0．01）,且HCC患者肿瘤浸润的淋巴细胞中CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg的频率也明显上调（P＜0．01）;随着肿瘤的进展HCC患者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg呈上升趋势（P＜0．05）; HCC患者CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg可非特异性地抑制自身活化的CD4^＋CD25^- T淋巴细胞,并呈剂量依赖性,且抑制能力与健康对照组相比差异无统计学意义。结论HCC患者外周血中及肿瘤组织中CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg的频率升高,增多的CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg可能参与抑制抗HCC的免疫应答,从而使肝癌细胞逃脱机体的“免疫监视”作用。     

Graves病患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞及Foxp3mRNA表达的变化

目的通过比较Graves病患者和正常人外周血中CD4^＋和CD8^＋T细胞占淋巴细胞、CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞占CD4^＋T细胞的比例以及相关基因Foxp3mRNA表达的变化,探讨Graves病患者免疫机制中CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞亚群所起的作用。方法选择40例初次确诊Graves病的患者和40名健康自愿者,通过流式细胞仪检测外周血CD4^＋CD8^＋T细胞占淋巴细胞、CD4^＋CD25^和CD4^＋CD25^high细胞占CD4^＋T细胞的比例以及CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞的荧光强度。应用Real—Time PCR检测外周血单个核细胞Foxp3mRNA的表达。结果Graves病患者外周血中CD4^＋T细胞比例以及CD4^＋／CD8^＋的比值明显升高,而CD4^＋CD25^和CD4^＋CD25^highT细胞占CD4^＋T细胞的比例以及CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞的荧光强度与正常人比较差异无统计学意义,Graves病患者外周血单个核细胞Foxp3mRNA的表达也无明显减少。结论Graves病主要通过效应性CD4^＋T细胞的体液免疫反应对甲状腺组织产生影响,CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞的免疫抑制作用减弱可能仅是Graves病发病机制中的一个次要环节。     

rhG-CSF未经动员与动员后供者外周血淋巴细胞与干细胞采集物的细胞构成及功能比较

目的比较重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（rhG-CSF）动员后供者外周血干细胞（PBSC）采集物与未经动员供者外周血淋巴细胞采集物的细胞构成及功能。方法取异基因造血干细胞移植供者的rhG-CSF动员后PBSC采集物（A组）和未经动员的淋巴细胞采集物（B组）,以流式细胞术测定采集物组分、T细胞亚群、树突细胞（DC）及其亚群、CD14^＋细胞和CD19^＋细胞B7分子的表达、CD4^＋T细胞IL-4和IFNγ等细胞因子的分泌情况,四甲基偶氮唑盐法测定T淋巴细胞增殖能力。结果两组采集物的CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD34^＋、CD14^＋细胞比例有明显差异,A组DC细胞及其亚群的比例明显高于B组,尤以DC2升高为著（P=0．000）,CD14^＋细胞上B7分子的表达A组明显低于B组,CD19^＋细胞上B7分子的表达无明显差异,分析两组CD4细胞内因子的分泌情况,A组的Ⅱ类细胞因子IL-4及IL-4／IFNγ均明显高于B组（P值分别为0．044,0．012）,经rhG—CSF动员后采集物的T淋巴细胞增殖能力明显下降。结论动员后的PBSC采集物较未经动员的淋巴细胞采集物富集了更多的CD34^＋、CD14^＋细胞,同时rhG—CSF动员后DC2比例的明显升高使得CD4细胞向Th2分化,PBSC含有更多的Ⅱ类细胞因子和其T细胞增殖能力的下降、共刺激分子的下调均提示PBSC较供者淋巴细胞输注更少地引起急性移植物抗宿主病的发生。     

ITP血小板特异性抗体和T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞变化的意义探讨

目的：检测特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）患者抗血小板膜糖蛋白（GPⅡb／Ⅲa、GPⅠb／Ⅸ）特异性抗体表达、T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的变化,探讨相关因素在ITP发病机制中的作用。方法：应用改良血小板抗原单克隆抗体固相化检测技术（MAIPA）、流式细胞术分别检测52例ITP和24例正常对照组抗血小板膜糖蛋白（GPⅡb／Ⅲa、GPⅠb／Ⅸ）特异性抗体表达、T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞变化。结果：ITP组的血小板计数明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;抗GPⅡb／Ⅲa及GPⅠb／Ⅸ抗体A值均高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;相关分析表明ITP组血小板计数与两种特异性抗体水平均呈负相关关系;在T淋巴细胞亚群变化中,ITP组CD3^＋T淋巴细胞百分比、CD4^＋T淋巴细胞百分比及CD4^＋／CD8^＋的比值均明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,CD8^＋T淋巴细胞百分比则显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;NK细胞百分比明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：血小板特异性抗体及T淋巴细胞亚群的变化可较好地反映ITP这一病理过程,对提高诊断水平及指导临床有一定的实用价值。     

Tumor-primed natural killer cells from patients with multiple myeloma lyse autologous, NK-resistant, bone marrow-derived malignant plasma cells

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes able to kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells. Human-resting NK cells can be activated by co-culture with NK-resistant CTV-1a cells. These tumor-activated cells (TaNKs) are cytotoxic to a range of NK-resistant tumor cells in vitro. This potential, however, has not been explored in multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we demonstrate that TaNK cells from 21 MM patients lyse a variety of myeloma targets, including primary isolates of autologous and allogeneic CD138+ myeloma cells whilst sparing CD138-ve bone marrow cells. Myeloma patients' TaNK-induced lysis of the U266 cell line was significantly higher compared to normal controls (median-specific lysis 79.1% vs. 69.5%) (P = 0.003). In addition, TaNKs induced substantial lysis of autologous and allogeneic CD138+ myeloma cells (median-specific lysis 52.5% and 37.4%, respectively). The percentage of specific lysis did not correlate with important disease characteristics (ISS, age, and high-risk molecular abnormalities) or with the disease status and antimyeloma treatment, including novel agents and dexamethasone. In conclusion, tumor-primed NK cells are able to induce substantial lysis of myeloma targets including autologous and allogeneic CD138+ myeloma plasma cells and could be an additional therapeutic approach in MM, particularly in the era of novel agents.     

Tumor cell heterogeneity in multiple myeloma: antigenic, morphologic, and functional studies of cells from blood and bone marrow

Tumor cells from six patients with immunoglobulin G (IgG) multiple myeloma were analyzed for surface antigens, cytoplasmic paraprotein, morphology, and response to various culture conditions. The tumor marker was the paraprotein idiotype. Low numbers of tumor cells were found in the blood of most of the patients. In some patients, the circulating tumor cells were solely B lymphocytes, whereas in other patients, they were lymphoid, lymphoplasmacytoid, and plasmacytoid. Dual surface antigen analysis of blood and bone marrow cells confirmed that the tumor may be composed of a spectrum of cell types. Thus, cells may range from surface-idiotype+,CD19+,CD20+, PCA-1-,cytoplasmic- idiotype- lymphocytes, to CD19-,PCA-1+,cytoplasmic-idiotype+ plasma cells that are surface-idiotype- or weakly surface-idiotype+. In one patient, some of the tumor cells co-expressed surface idiotype and CD10. The tumor B lymphocytes were activated in vitro to synthesize paraprotein by pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and by low molecular weight B cell growth factor (BCGF). In contrast, spontaneous synthesis of paraprotein by more mature tumor cells was inhibited by agents that also inhibit nonmyeloma plasma cells. These agents included PWM, gamma interferon, and phorbol ester. The results demonstrate that in multiple myeloma there exist different tumor cell types that are similar, by a variety of criteria, to normal B lineage cells at different stages of differentiation. Thus, further evidence is provided for the hypothesis of myeloma cell differentiation.     

CD127在慢性重型乙型肝炎患者外周血T细胞中的表达及意义

目的:研究慢性重型乙型肝炎患者外周血T细胞表面CD127表达水平的变化及与慢性重型乙型肝炎发病的关系。方法:流式细胞术检测30例慢性重型乙型肝炎、20例慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者和20例健康志愿者外周血T细胞中CD127的表达,用ELISA方法检测血清中细胞因子IL-7(白细胞介素-7)的表达。结果:慢性重型乙型肝炎组和CHB组CD8+T比例均较健康对照组高(P均<0.01),慢性重型乙型肝炎组CD4+T比例较健康对照组高(P<0.01)。慢性重型乙型肝炎与CHB组CD127+细胞的比例均较健康对照组低(P均<0.05)。慢性重型乙型肝炎组CD4+CD127+双阳性细胞的比例低于CHB组,CHB组又低于健康对照组(P均<0.01);慢性重型乙型肝炎组CD8+CD127+双阳性细胞比例较CHB组和健康对照组低(P均<0.01)。CD8+CD127+细胞的表达与HBV DNA载量呈负相关。慢性重型乙型肝炎组和CHB组血清IL-7含量均较健康对照组高(P均<0.01)。结论:慢性重型乙型肝炎患者外周血中CD4+CD127+、CD8+CD127+细胞表达降低;以CD8+CD127+降低更明显,并与HBV DNA载量呈负相关;血清中IL-7表达增高,可能与慢性重型乙型肝炎的发病有关。     

卵巢癌CD90^＋肿瘤细胞的分离及其肿瘤干细胞生物学特性观察

目的：分离人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3和原代卵巢癌细胞中的CD90^＋细胞,并观察其肿瘤干细胞的生物学特性。方法从卵巢癌患者腹水中分离原代卵巢癌细胞,采用流式细胞术检测人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3和原代卵巢癌细胞的CD133、CD90阳性率。流式分选得到CD90^＋、CD90^-细胞后,采用RT-PCR法检测其干细胞及上皮间质化（EMT）相关基因mRNA相对表达,Transwell小室侵袭试验观察细胞侵袭力,克隆形成试验观察细胞增殖分化能力,悬浮成球试验观察干细胞潜能,免疫缺陷小鼠体内有限稀释成瘤试验观察成瘤时间和成瘤率。结果人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3的CD133和CD90阳性率均低于原代卵巢癌细胞,P均＜0．05。在人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3和原代卵巢癌细胞中,CD90^＋细胞干细胞相关基因（CD133、OCT4）和EMT间质标志相关基因（N-cadherin、Vimentine、MMP9）相对表达、穿到膜背面的细胞数、细胞克隆数、悬浮成球数均高于CD90^-细胞,EMT上皮标志相关基因E-cadherin相对表达均低于CD90^-细胞,P均＜0．05。随着接种细胞数目的增加,CD90^＋、CD90^-细胞的成瘤率和成瘤时间均升高,CD90^＋细胞升高更明显。结论卵巢癌细胞中,CD90^＋细胞高表达间质属性基因和干细胞相关基因,具备更高的侵袭力、增殖分化能力、体内成瘤能力和干细胞潜能,CD90^＋细胞分离可能成为卵巢癌干细胞分离的新方法。     

A novel bispecific protein (ULBP2-BB4) targeting the NKG2D receptor on natural killer (NK) cells and CD138 activates NK cells and has potent antitumor activity against human multiple myeloma in vitro and in vivo

The inability of the immune system to recognize and kill malignant plasma cells in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has been attributed in part to the ineffective activation of natural killer (NK) cells. In order to activate and target NK cells to the malignant cells in MM we designed a novel recombinant bispecific protein (ULBP2-BB4). While ULBP2 binds the activating NK receptor NKG2D, the BB4 moiety binds to CD138, which is overexpressed on a variety of malignancies, including MM. ULBP2-BB4 strongly activated primary NK cells as demonstrated by a significant increase in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion. In vitro, ULBP2-BB4 enhanced the NK-mediated lysis of 2 CD138+ human MM cell lines, U-266 and RPMI-8226, and of primary malignant plasma cells in the allogenic and autologous setting. Moreover, in a nude mouse model with subcutaneously growing RPMI-8226 cells, the cotherapy with ULBP-BB4 and human peripheral blood lymphocytes abrogated the tumor growth. These data suggest potential clinical use of this novel construct in patients with MM. The use of recombinant NK receptor ligands that target NK cells to tumor cells might offer new approaches for other malignancies provided a tumor antigen-specific antibody is available.     

IL－2／抗IL－2抗体复合物体外诱导扩增外周血CD56^＋淋巴细胞的实验研究

目的探索一种在体外从人外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）扩增CD56^＋淋巴细胞的方法。方法以干细胞培养基（SCGM）为基础培养基,设计IL-2／抗IL-2抗体（IL-2／抗IL-2抗体质量比为1／20）实验组以及IL-2＋IL-15、相应因子浓度的IL-2和抗IL-2抗体三个对照组,从PBMC中诱导扩增CD56^＋淋巴细胞,流式细胞仪检测第7、10天CD3／CD56表达率,四甲基偶氮唑蓝法检测CD56^＋细胞对肿瘤细胞株K562的杀伤活性。结果培养第7、10天时,CD56^＋细胞分别扩增了（24．67±3．14）和（31．63±5．01）倍,其中CD3^＋CD56^＋和CD3^-CD56^＋细胞分别扩增（110．93±19．10）、（7．8±1．17）和（157．60±46．31）、（12．03±1．64）倍,实验组与对照组比较扩增倍数差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。培养第10天,效／靶比10：1时,实验组CD56^＋细胞对K562细胞的杀伤率为（83．46±1．56）％,与对照组比较具有更强细胞毒性作用（P〈0．05）。结论在SCGM为基础培养基条件下,IL-2／抗IL-2抗体复合物能更有效地扩增CD56^＋细胞毒性免疫效应细胞,为肿瘤过继免疫治疗提供了一种扩增外周血CD56^＋淋巴细胞的新方法。     

CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞及其分子标记物与支气管哮喘

CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞是一类以免疫抑制和免疫无能为特征的淋巴细胞群,FOXP3是CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞一个特征性的分子标志物,并且对CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞的发育、外周表达和功能维持有着关键性的作用。近年来,多项研究显示CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞参与并影响了支气管哮喘的发生、发展过程,对调节性T细胞或其相关基因的干预也许会成为支气管哮喘治疗的新方向。     

Differentiation of early plasma cells on bone marrow stromal cells requires interleukin-6 for escaping from apoptosis

The bone marrow (BM) is well known to be the major site of Ig production in secondary immune responses; thus, the microenvironment of BM is considered to be essential for final differentiation of plasma cells. We identified in the peripheral blood (PB) early plasma cells (CD38++CD19+VLA-5-) committed to entering the BM. The sorted early plasma cells rapidly entered apoptosis in vitro, but these cells could survive and further differentiate into mature plasma cells (CD38 CD19+) just as BM plasma cells in the presence of a BM-derived stromal cell line (KM-102). Culture supernatants of KM-102 cell lines could also support survival of these cells, and antibody to interleukin-6 (IL-6) completely blocked the effect of these supernatants. Furthermore, recombinant IL-6, but not IL-1 or IL-3, could support their survival and their differentiation into mature plasma cells (CD38 CD19+VLA-5+) with expression of VLA-5 mRNA. Therefore, here is direct evidence that early plasma cells found in the PB differentiated into mature plasma cells with stromal cell-derived IL-6 in vitro; thus, BM stromal cells control the final checkpoint of plasma cell differentiation with secretion of IL-6 in the BM.