不育症患者精浆胰岛素样生长因子-1含量测定及临床意义

目的探讨精浆中胰岛素样生长因子-（IGF-1）水平与男性生殖状态的关系．方法应用免疫放射分析（IRMA）技术对126例不育男性精浆和血清中的IGF-1含量进行了检测。结果不育症组精浆IGF-1含量明显低于生育组，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）．、不育症组血清IGF-1含茸与生育组差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。生育组精浆和血清中IGF-1含量之间无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。不育症组中白细胞（WBC）精液组和血清抗精子抗体（AsAb）阳性组精浆IGF-1含量均低于非WBC精液组和血清AsAb阴性组（P〈0．05）。精浆IGF-1含量在精子活动力、精子活动率等精子功能下降组均明显低于精子功能正常组（P〈0．01）。结论精浆中IGF-1的浓度与精子的密度、活动力、活动率有关，检测精浆中IGF-1浓度刈于判断男性的生殖状态具在重要价值。     

转铁蛋白水平与男性生育及睾丸足细胞功能的关系

目的：探讨转铁蛋白（Tf）水平与男性生育及睾丸足细胞功能的关系。方法收集临床男性不育症患者和正常生育者的精液标本,采用精子质量分析仪进行精子密度及活动率分析,并检测精液 Tf 水平;无菌切取大鼠睾丸,经胶原酶及透明质酸酶消化,分离出纯度较高的足细胞并培养,测定细胞培养液 Tf 水平;Tf 水平测定均采用免疫速率散射比浊法。结果男性不育症患者精液 Tf 水平[（15±5）μmol／L]低于正常生育者[（24．5±6．5）μmol／L,P ＜0．01],而且与精子密度和活动率呈正相关（P ＜0．01）。正常生育组大鼠睾丸足细胞悬液 Tf 水平[（25±8）μmol／L]高于不育组[（15±6）μmol／L,P ＜0．01]。结论精液 Tf 水平的测定可作为反映足细胞功能,评价曲细精管生精功能及精子质量的指标,对男性不育症的诊断、治疗具有重要的价值。     

人精液中一氧化氮与蛋白质含量的关系

目的 探讨人精液一氧化氮（NO）与总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（Alb）和转铁蛋白（Tf）含量的关系。方法 参照WHO标准方法，进行精液常规分析。采用镀铜镉还原荧光法检测NO代谢产物硝酸盐（NO3^-）。用双缩脲法检测TP。溴甲酚绿法测定Alb。用免疫散射比浊法检测Tf含量。结果 不育活率异常组、少精子和无精子症组的NO含量明显高于正常生育组，TP、Alb和Tf含量明显低于正常生育组，两组之间存在有高度显著性差异（P〈0．01），不育组NO含量与TP、Alb和Tf含量呈显著性负相关（r=-0．08、r=-0．98、r=-0．68）。结论 精液蛋白质含量测定有助于精子质量的评价，对男性不育症的诊治有一定的指导意义，NO对精子运动能力及蛋白质的分泌利用有抑制作用，这对不育症的机制研究有重要价值。     

精浆微量元素含量与精液异常的相关性分析

目的探讨精浆微量元素含量与精液异常的相关性。方法分别检测386例精液异常组和100例生育功能正常对照组精浆中微量元素的含量,比较两组间的水平差异。结果粘稠性精液组精浆锌（Zn）、钙（Ca）的含量明显低于正常粘性对照组（P〈0.05）,铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、镁（Mg）、镉（Cd）含量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;无精或少精子组精浆锌含量明显低于精子密度正常组（P〈0.01）,镉含量明显高于精子密度正常组（P〈0.01）,铁、铜、钙、镁含量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;精子活动率低下组精浆锌含量明显低于活动率正常组（P〈0.05）,镉、铜含量明显高于活动率正常组（P〈0.05）,铁、钙、镁含量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论精浆中锌、铜、钙、镉等微量元素含量与精液异常具有显著相关性;精浆铁和镁含量与精液质量无显著相关性。     

不育男性精浆果糖含量与精子参数的关系

目的:探讨不育男性精浆果糖含量与精子密度、活力及形态的关系.方法:分析260例不育男性患者(不育组)、90例正常生育后男性(生育组)的精液样本,采用计算机辅助精液分析进行精子密度、活力参数检测,采用精子形态检测系统下人工修正方法进行精子形态分析,精浆果糖含量采用分光光度比色法测定.结果:不育组精浆果糖含量显著低于生育组(P<0.01);精浆果糖含量异常组精子密度显著高于果糖含量正常组,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),而精子活力、精子形态与果糖含量正常组相比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05);精浆果糖与精子密度有显著负相关性(r=-0.17,P<0.01),而精子活力、精子形态与精浆果糖含量之间无显著相关性.结论:精浆果糖含量与精子密度关系密切,但与精子活力和形态没有显著关系.     

血清抑制素B在男性不育症临床诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨血清抑制素B在男性不育临床诊断中的应用价值.方法 按WHO提供方法 对精液标本进行常规分析,根据分析结果 将标本分为正常对照组、少精子症组及严重少精子症组、无精子症组,以及根据睾丸穿刺活检结果 分为梗阻性无精子症组及非梗阻性无精子症组.采用ELISA法检测各组血清抑制素B的浓度.结果 正常对照组、少精子症组、严重少精子症组及梗阻性无精子症组、非梗阻性无精子症组血清抑制素B浓度分另q为:(116.16±42.78)ng/L、(76.48±20.31)ng/L、(69.75±22.52)ng/L、(108.57±37.49)ng/L及(16.94±13.67)ng/L.与正常对照组相比,梗阻性无精子症组血清抑制素B浓度差异无统计学意义;而少精子症组、严重少精子症组及非梗阻性无精子症组血清抑制素B浓度明显低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).少精子症组与严重少精子症组比较,血清抑制素B浓度差异无统计学意义,但均显著高于非梗阻性无精子症组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 血清抑制素B在男性不育症临床诊断中具有重要价值,不仅可作为评价精子发生情况的一项指标,更为重要的是可对无精子症睾丸活检结果 进行预测,避免不必要的损伤.     

不育患者精浆酸性磷酸酶和前列腺特异抗原含量与精子质量的关系

目的探讨不育患者精浆酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和前列腺特异抗原（PSA）含量与精子质量的关系。方法随机选择男性不育症患者122例，采用精子分析仪测定精液参数，同时用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测精浆中PSA水平，用磷酸苯二钠法检测精浆中ACP含量，并分析其与精子密度、活力和黏度的关系。结果精子活力异常组精浆ACP、PSA含量明显低于活力正常组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；精液黏度增高组精浆ACP、PSA含量明显低于精液黏度正常组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。精子密度正常组ACP高于密度减低组（P〈0．05），PSA含量两组无明显差异。结论精浆ACP、PSA含量与精子质量有密切关系。     

精浆对氧磷酶-1活性测定对男性不育患者诊断价值研究

目的探讨精浆PON-1活性测定对男性不育症患者诊断价值。方法选择有生育力的男性对照组50例,男性不育症组42例．采用分光光度法和计算机辅助精液分析系统分别测定精浆PON-1活性和精液常规参数。结果与对照组比较,男性不育组精浆PON-1活性、精子浓度、活力及精于正常形态率降低,P〈0．01;精索静脉曲张组和白细胞精子症组精浆PON-1活性降低,P值分别小于O．05和0．01;白细胞精子症组精浆PON-1活性低于精索静脉曲张组,P〈0．01;根据制定的ROC曲线．PON-l活性曲线下面积为0．907。结论精浆PON-1活性测定为男性不育症实验室诊断提供参考依据。     

男性不育患者精液LDH-X的检查结果分析

目的：测定男性不育患者精液乳酸脱氢酶同工酶X（LDH-X）的含量．探讨其对男性不育诊断的意义。方法：选择生育组、精液常规正常不育组、精液常规不正常不育组、少精症不育组作为研究对象。精液LDH-X测定采用深圳华康生物医学工程有限公司提供的试剂盒．使用速率法检测。结果：不育患者精子LDH-X较生育组均有明显下降，与生育组差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01），且与精子的a＋b级具有相关性（r=0．601．P〈0．05）．各不育组精浆/精子LDH-X比值与生育组差异有显著性或非常显著性。结论：不育患者精子LDH-X含量下降，是男性不育临床诊断的较好指标。精浆／精子LDH-X比值对于男性不育的临床诊断也有一定参考价值。     

高精子密度精液标本质量分析方法探讨

目的 建立一种更准确的计算机辅助精子质量分析（computer-aided sperm analysis,CASA）方法。方法 对门诊19份高密度精子精液标本采用CASA直接分析、精浆稀释精液后进行CASA以及手工计数法三种方法分析精液密度,并与伊红染色法进行比较,判断结果的相符性。结果 直接CASA测定与手工法、精浆稀释后CASA测定的精子密度的差异啕有显著性（P〈0．05）,直接CASA测定与伊红染色法、精浆稀释后CASA测定的精子活动率的差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）,精液稀释前后CASA测定的精子活力的差异也有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论 对高精子密度标本用精浆稀释后进行CASA测定,其结果更能反映精子的质量。     

Visiting rights only: the diplomas in nursing in the UK in the interwar period

The aim of this article is to explore the institution and organisation of the diplomas in nursing at the universities of Leeds and London, which were established in 1921 and 1926, respectively. It will be argued that the success of these courses for the individuals who undertook them, and the profession as a whole was ultimately limited. It is accepted that the purpose of the diplomas was at least in part for the nursing elite to maintain their grip on the leadership. Nevertheless, the institution of the courses, when few women in general attended university, identifies a 'radicalness' within the profession, which has rarely been considered. Moreover, that there was a body of nurses capable of university level education challenges previous assumptions.     

Pitfalls in the Care of the Psychiatric Patient in the Emergency Department

Background

Care of the psychiatric patient in the Emergency Department (ED) is evolving. As with other disease states, there are a number of pitfalls that complicate the care of the psychiatric patient.

Objective

The purpose of this article is to update Emergency Physicians concerning the pitfalls in caring for the psychiatric patient, and possible solutions to deal with these pitfalls.

Discussion

The article will address the burden of the psychiatric patient, staff attitudes, medical clearance process, treatment of the agitated patient, suicidal patients, and admission decisions.

Conclusions

Alternative care resources, collaboration with Psychiatry, staff education, improvement in the medical clearance process, proper use of restraint and seclusion, and appropriate choice of medication for agitated patients can help avoid some of the top pitfalls in the care of the psychiatric patient in the ED.     

Changes in the parameters of the rhythms of the electrolyte-excreting function of the kidneys in women in relation to the seasons of the year

The characteristics (period, mesor, amplitude) of the rhythms of urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were examined in normal women during various seasons. The urine was collected for 5 days with 4-hour intervals. The rhythms were detected and their parameters established with the use of mathematical methods for the assessment of the tested curve fragments repetitions and by the least squares nonlinear method. The rhythms of renal urinary and electrolyte excretion were found very smooth, particularly so in the fall and winter. The circadian rhythms have been found the most stable during all the seasons. Examinations of individual electrolyte excretion have shown that Na and K excretion is more stable all the year round and therefore this parameter is the most informative for the detection of disorders in renal electrolyte excretion.     

Choosing the choices in the USA: examples in the maternity area

The concept of choice has featured prominently in both the recent united Kingdom (UK) health care reforms and in the debate relating to the care of childbearing women. An invitation to the USA facilitated contemplation of the health care system on which the recent UK reforms have been modeled. The impact of the health system on mother's choices was a source of particular interest. The implications for midwives, their practice and their relationships with their clients and colleagues emerge clearly. It may be that the United States' model of health care does not answer the needs of the UK.     

Change in the drug-metabolizing function of the liver in patients in the postoperative period in relation to the type of anesthesia]

Anesthesia-dependent changes in pharmaco-metabolic liver function have been studied in patients operated on for cosmetic facial defects. It has been established that the postoperative period in patients subjected intraoperatively to general combined anesthesia and controlled lung ventilation was characterized by inhibited drug metabolism in the liver, which required correction of the drug doses to reduce the risk of side and toxic effects of pharmacotherapy. Patients operated on under local procaine anesthesia had no considerable changes in pharmaco-metabolic liver function in the postoperative period.